1. http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/GlobWarmTest/Q1.html
Global Warming Test2 -P1252719384vFGfs Sept 09 2012
Cloud Forest BC
by P. Anna Paddon 01 29 2013
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2. Cloud Forest BC Elect P. Anna Paddon 05 14 2013 MLA BC Provincial Election
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http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/GlobWarmTest/Q1.html
Global Warming Test2 -P1252719384vFGfs Sept 09 2012
Cloud Forest BC
by P. Anna Paddon 01 29 2013
Q National Programme for the development of the Transportation sector – key
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global context – raising its international competitiveness; The impact of WTO
accession and other free trade agreements; Development strategies of the leading
agriholdings; The availability of financing for the sector; Dialogue between
investors and agrocompanies; Trading and risk management; Developing the
agricultural infrastructure to raise effectiveness; How to prepare the next
generation of agrarian professionalsPowerpoint Templates
Free and much more.
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3. A cloud forest, also called a fog forest, is a generally tropical or
subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by
a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually
at the canopy level. Cloud forests often exhibit an abundance of
mosses covering the ground and vegetation, in which case they
are also referred to as mossy forests. Mossy forests usually
develop on the saddles of mountains, where moisture
introduced by settling clouds is more effectively retained.[1
The "greenhouse effect" helps to
moderate temperatures -- especially
nighttime temperatures. Without the
greenhouse effect, the average
temperature of the Earth would be -18
degrees C.
Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass
through Earth's atmosphere, but as
sunlight strikes the earth it is partially
changed to radiant heat. Greenhouse
gases like carbon dioxide, water
vapor/droplets, and methane help
inhibit the escape of radiant heat back
into space.
That is why the danger of nighttime
frost is greater when the skies are clear
than when skies are cloudy.
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4. Many areas of British Columbia have cloud forests, fog forests. Generally these areas are called rainforest :
coastal temperate 'tropical' or highland 'subtropical,' rainforest. They have characteristics listed in the Global
Warming Quiz for Cloud Forest: evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or
seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level.
Cloud forests BC Wikipedia :Definition : For temperate rain forests of North America, Alaback's definitio is
widely recognized: Annual precipitation over 1400 mm;
Mean annual temperature is between 4 and 12 °C. (39 and 54 °F).
However, required annual precipitation depends on factors such as distribution of rainfall over the year,
temperatures over the year and fog presence, and definitions in other countries differ considerably. For
example, Australian definitions are ecological-structural rather than climatic: Closed canopy of trees excludes at
least 70% of the sky;
Forest is composed mainly of tree species which do not require fire for regeneration, but with seedlings able to
regenerate under shade and in natural openings.[3]
The latter would, for example, exclude a part of the temperate rain forests of western North
America, as Coast Douglas-fir, one of its dominant tree species, requires stand-destroying
disturbance to initiate a new cohort of seedlings. The North American definition would in turn
exclude a part of temperate rain forests in other countries
Global Warming occurs in cycles caused mainly by changes in the sun's energy output and the sun's relative position to
the earth.
Over 95% of the greenhouse effect is the result of water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. But because water droplets held in
suspension (clouds) make almost as good a reflector as they do a thermal insulator, there is little rise in daytime
temperatures due to the greenhouse effect.
Any greenhouse warming, if it does occur, is limited to primarily increasing nighttime temperatures, which provides
beneficial moderation of nighttime low temperatures, but no increase in daytime high temperatures. Dr. Patrick Michaels,
Professor of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, has demonstrated this phenomenon very effectively.
Mount Seymour
Cloud Forest
David Charge photo
5:14 pm 15 Dec 2011
Hoh Rainforest
/wiki/File:Hoh_Valley_Bigleaf_Maples2b.jpg
/wiki/File:Hoh_Valley_Bigleaf_Maples2b.jpgMaples covered
with epiphytic moss in the
Hoh Rainforest
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5. Many areas of British Columbia have cloud forests, fog forests. Generally these areas are called rainforest :
coastal temperate 'tropical' or highland 'subtropical,' rainforest. They have characteristics listed in the Global
Warming Quiz for Cloud Forest: evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or
seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level.
Cloud forests BC Wikipedia :Definition : For temperate rain forests of North America, Alaback's definitio is
widely recognized: Annual precipitation over 1400 mm;
Mean annual temperature is between 4 and 12 °C. (39 and 54 °F).
However, required annual precipitation depends on factors such as distribution of rainfall over the year,
temperatures over the year and fog presence, and definitions in other countries differ considerably. For
example, Australian definitions are ecological-structural rather than climatic: Closed canopy of trees excludes at
least 70% of the sky;
Forest is composed mainly of tree species which do not require fire for regeneration, but with seedlings able to
regenerate under shade and in natural openings.[3]
The latter would, for example, exclude a part of the temperate rain forests of western North
America, as Coast Douglas-fir, one of its dominant tree species, requires stand-destroying
disturbance to initiate a new cohort of seedlings. The North American definition would in turn
exclude a part of temperate rain forests in other countries
Global Warming occurs in cycles caused mainly by changes in the sun's energy output and the sun's relative position to
the earth.
Over 95% of the greenhouse effect is the result of water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. But because water droplets held in
suspension (clouds) make almost as good a reflector as they do a thermal insulator, there is little rise in daytime
temperatures due to the greenhouse effect.
Any greenhouse warming, if it does occur, is limited to primarily increasing nighttime temperatures, which provides
beneficial moderation of nighttime low temperatures, but no increase in daytime high temperatures. Dr. Patrick Michaels,
Professor of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, has demonstrated this phenomenon very effectively.
Mount Seymour
Cloud Forest
David Charge photo
5:14 pm 15 Dec 2011
Hoh Rainforest
/wiki/File:Hoh_Valley_Bigleaf_Maples2b.jpg
/wiki/File:Hoh_Valley_Bigleaf_Maples2b.jpgMaples covered
with epiphytic moss in the
Hoh Rainforest
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6. In traditional Q'eqchi' Maya expression it is said: the forest catches the clouds (li kiche' naxchap li choq.) This is exactly what a cloud forest
does. Cloud forests catch clouds. Or in the parlance of biologists: Cloud forests filter clouds in a process called lateral cloud filtering. Clouds
blow in among the trees as moisture from the ocean moves inland, encountering mountains. Water droplets (like the one pictured below) collect
on the leaves of the trees of these forests through the process of lateral cloud filtering. In many cases, cloud filtering accounts for more than half
of the annual precipitation in cloud forests.
Cloud Forest Defined Cloud forests are like rain forests in that
Cloud Forest Defined - Community Cloud Forest Conservationthey generally receive high levels of precipitation. The
www.cloudforestconservation.org/cloud_forest/ difference is, with cloud forests much of that precipitation
comes directly from clouds, through the cloud filtering of the
trees.There are cloud forests all over the world. People usually
think of cloud forests as uniquely tropical. However, lateral
cloud filtering happens in temperate regions as well.Take a
walk along Cape Lookout Point on the Oregon coast. The
hemlocks and Sitka spruces stand like towers along the rugged
coast. Ocean breezes pushing moisture in from the Pacific is
almost a constant here. Moisture from the clouds condenses
as it touches the tree tops. The condensed water forms tiny
droplets. Epiphytes growing on the massive trunks of the
spruce trees are the first to catch the water. Walk under these
trees on a cloudy, breezy day and you would think you were in
a rain storm. Walk out into the parking lot of the trail head and
you will notice that it is not rain at all. Annual precipitation in the
nearby village of Cape Meares is 65 to 90 inches. Under the
towering cover of the mature hemlock and spruce forest, the
annual precipitation is 150 inches to 200 inches.Similar
dynamics of lateral cloud filtration occur all along the pacific
coast. From the forests of the Kenai peninsula near Seward,
Alaska, to Cape Scott on Vancouver Island, to Quinault,
Washington on the Olympic peninsula, to Khwunrghunme,
California among the towering Coastal Redwoods. In these
forests a large percentage of precipitation comes from directly
from cloud filtering. Thus these forests can be, and maybe
should be, considered cloud forests although they are often
referred to as temporate rain forests.
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7. Vancouver Aquarium a Cool-Moist Conservatory Cloud Forest Animation Enter the
Cloud Forest, a mysterious world look for the Three Toed Sloth, the Ibis, the
Armadillos.
Cloud Forest Step out of the concrete jungle into a realm high in the mountains where you can
learn about rare plants their fast-disappearing environment.
Take in breathtaking mountain views surrounded by diverse vegetation and hidden floral gems that
disappear into the clouds. The Cool-Moist Conservatory Enter the Cloud Forest, a mysterious world
veiled in mist; entirely different from the Flower Dome. A 35-metre tall mountain covered in lush
vegetation shrouding the world’s tallest indoor waterfall showcases plant life from tropical highlands
up to 2,000-metres above sea level. Ascend to the mountaintop in comfort by lift before descending
via two walkways in the clouds for an aerial view of the canopy and mountainside below. Learn
about unique biodiversity and geology of cloud forests and the environmental threats they face
within the nine unique zones in this cool-moist Conservatory. Click here for the 360 view of the
Cloud Forest by Roy Chuang
World of Plants Flower Dome SuperTree Grove
Cloud Forest
Artificial
Worlds
Created
http://wzus1.ask.com/r?t=p&d=us&s=a&c=a&app=a16&dqi=cloud%2520forest%2520prince
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8. emperature after C.R. Scotese http://www.scotese.com/climate.htm
CO2 after R.A. Berner, 2001 (GEOCARB III)
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9. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal gas that trees and other plants need to survive, just like
oxygen (O2) is the principal gas that humans and other animals require. Trees absorb CO2 and
release O2-- animals inhale O2 and exhale CO2. See how nice this all works!
Earth's first, primitive forests made their prolific debut 300 million years ago
during the Carboniferous Period . Before then, the atmosphere held far more CO2
but concentrations declined throughout the Carboniferous Period as plants
flourished.
During the Carboniferous Period the atmosphere became greatly depleted of CO2 (declining
from about 2500 ppm to 350 ppm) so that by the end of the Carboniferous the CO2-
impoverished atmosphere was less favorable to plant life and plant growth slowed dramatically.
Today, CO2 concentrations are barely at 380 ppm (0.038% of our atmosphere) and most of that
comes from entirely natural sources.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is not to be confused with its poisonous evil cousin carbon monoxide (CO),
which can kill humans and animals in just a few minutes. Life as we know it could not exist
without carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
Recent studies indicate CO2 enrichment of 1.5 times the present amount in the atmosphere
increases photosynthesis by 45%.
Recent studies indicate CO2
enrichment of 1.5 times the
present amount in the
atmosphere increases
photosynthesis by 45%.
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10. Carbon dioxide is invisible. The puffs of
clouds you see from coal-fired power plants
are just that-- clouds. Powerplants use
steam to drive the turbines which generate
electricity. Steam must be cooled and
condensed to water to reuse it to make
more steam.
The fat, curvy towers that look like they are
belching white smoke are really only
emitting pure water vapor. They are in
effect making clouds.
The actual exhaust emissions come from
the smokestack, which is the tall skinny
tower. Because modern technology makes
it possible to remove much of the fly ash
and sulfur before releasing smokestack
Cloud Forest
gases to the air, smokestack emissons
Tree ferns in a cloud forest Mount Kinabalu Borneo 250px
today are often almost invisible.
Coal-fired power plants
exhaust emissions come
from the smokestack,
which is the tall skinny
tower.
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11. The primary cause of variations in
global temperature is due to the cycles
of the sun and Earth's orbit about the
sun. In addition to 40-year cycles and
500-year cycles, other temperature
cycles include:
21,000 year cycle: Elliptical orbit of the
Earth around the Sun (precession of
the equinoxes)
41,000 year cycle: Cycle of the +/- 1.5
degree wobble in Earth's orbit
100,000 year cycle: Variations in the
shape of Earth's elliptical orbit ( cycle
of eccentricity )
Some of the warmest
temperatures in the
last 2000 years
occurred during the
Medieval Warm
Period from 1000 to
1350 AD. Clearly
industrial pollution
was not the cause.
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12. Since about 1979, each day satellites measure the
temperature over about 80% of the globe to an
accuracy of about 0.1 degree C. Weather balloons
only make measurements at specific locations that
are concentrated mostly over land (1).
The real signature of greenhouse warming is not
surface temperature but temperature in the middle
of the troposphere, about 5 kilometers up. If global
warming is occurring from an increasing
greenhouse effect due to CO2 additions by humans
the temperature of the middle troposphere should
be warming faster than Earth's surface (2,3). Atmosphere NASA
However, the opposite has been happening-- which
suggests either the surface temperature records
are in error or natural factors, such as changes in
solar activity, may be responsible for the slight rise
in surface temperatures (approximately 0.6° C,
globally) that appears to have occurred over the
past century.
Interestingly, in the 5 years leading up to 2007 the
temperature of the mid troposphere has actually
decreased slightly and surface temperatures have
ceased warming-- even as CO2 concentrations
have continued to increase (4). This should not be
happening if CO2 increases to the atmosphere are
the primary driver of global warming.
Surface - vr - Satellite Temps NOAA
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13. http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/GlobWarmTest/Q1.html
Global Warming Test2 -P1252719384vFGfs Sept 09 2012
Thank You
P. Anna Paddon 02 01 2013
Cloud Forest BC
by P. Anna Paddon 01 29 2013
Cloud Forest BC Elect P. Anna Paddon 05 14 2013 MLA BC Provincial Election
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