Paul Rooney keynote presentation
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Presentacion de Paul Rooney en el workshop sobre gestión de sistemas dunares metropolitanos que se celebra en Barcelona el 15 de noviembre de 2010
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Challenges for European Dune Conservation](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/barcelonaconferencefinal1-101114132227-phpapp02/85/Paul-Rooney-keynote-presentation-1-320.jpg)
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Paul Rooney keynote presentation
- 4. Climate Lithology Relief Groundwater Soil Vegetation Fauna Decreasing dominance of process Reference: adapted from van der Meulen and Jungerius 1989
- 26. Boreal (BOR) Mediterranean (MED) Atlantic (ATL) Continental (CON) Macronesian (MAC)
- 27. Source: Eionet - European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity http://biodiversity.eionet.europa.eu/article17/habitatsprogress/?group=ZHVuZXMgaGFiaXRhdHM%3D&conclusion=conclusion_assessment EU Habitats Directive - Article 17 Reporting Dune Habitats – Overall assessment by Biogeographical Region Unfavourable - Bad Unfavourable - Inadequate Favourable Unknown
- 39. Climate Lithology Relief Groundwater Soil Vegetation Fauna Decreasing dominance of process Reference: adapted from van der Meulen and Jungerius 1989
- 41. Acknowledgements John Houston, Charlotte Durkin and Sally Edmondson - Sand Dune and Shingle Network, Liverpool Hope University Fred van der Vegte – Foundation for Integrated Coastal Dune Management, University of Amsterdam
- 42. Paul Rooney Department of Geography e-mail dunes@hope.ac.uk Dune and Shingle Network http://www.hope.ac.uk/coast
Notas del editor
- The first map is a political map of Europe. We have created these boundaries as legal / administrative entities. Nature does not recognise then The second image is of Europe more as nature might see it. The third image is a map of the biogeographical regions of Europe. These are areas determined by the distribution of flora and fauna. In other words, they may be described as ‘natural regions’ for nature Biogeographical regions are an important tool for us to conserve coastal dunes in Europe. I will return to this issue later in this presentation. Total area of Europe’s coastal dunes has been estimated at over 5300 km2 (Delbaere, 1998) Coastal dunes are widespread along Europe’s coastline, though their distribution is uneven There are five major regions – The Baltic region – small isolated dune areas on the Scandinavian coasts. Poland and Germany with ample sediment supply and beach barrier formation North Sea region – Calais France to Jutland Denmarkmany wide and almost uninterupted dunes Atlantic region - - Ireland and the UK through to Portugal and south west Spain. Frequent areas of well developed dunes along with small dune areas Mediterranean region – complex and heterogeneous coastline. Large dunes associated with del;tas and plains along with areas of small dunes between headlands Black Sea region – very diverse with deltas such as the Danube. Extensive dunes occur where there is an abundance of sediments and where tidal regimes, storm floods and prevailing winds stimulate a dynamic environment and a high aeolian transport capacity. Reference Heslenfield, Jungerius and Klijn 2008
- We see that coastal dunes are widely distributed around the coast of Europe. Thhey are complex and valuable. The EU recoginse 21 dune habitat types as being important. These are listed in the EU Habitats Directive, and are there recognised as having high value and there being an obligation for their stewardship and for them to be in good or ‘favourable’ condition. To achieve this, however, we must understand the concept of dune management, in particular the concept of dynamic dune management and the implications and consequences of our actions. The following slide outlines this.
- This slide outlines the dune landscape parameters a dune manager must address or consider in decision making. The intention in a management decision must be to have the greatest beneficial impact possible, that is to address those parameters with the greatest dominance of process. These are parameters at the top of the list – climate, lithology, relief etc As you move down this list the dominance of the process on the dune landscape decreases. Most management actions in the dune landscape by conservationists tend to focus on fauna and vegetation. Compared to other parameters, these have the least degree of dominance over process in the dune landscape. The intention should be to try and operate in dune conservation at the highest level possible, but as you go higher up this list of paramters it becomes increasingly difficult to influence the parameters. Groundwater can be a difficult to influence because of external factors or extractions. Relief may practically only be modified by managers through beach or dune sediment recharge schemes. Lithology may only be influenced as a consequence of sea defence / coast protection schemes where sediment supply or quality is changes. Climate is outside of the direct control of site managers! However. If a dynamic (geomorphologically led) approach to dune management is adopted then conservation managers may be able to influence dune landscape development parameters at a hig level than just vegetation and fauna (gardening!) Unfortunately, practical considerations at any one site may mean that conservation management must limit itself to influencing paramaters that have a relatively low level of dominance. If that is so, we must bear in mind that the higher level parameters are still operating and have the greatest overall dominance. In the next series of slides I will outline the issues and uses of dunes on a European level. It is important that we have a common understanding of these as they are the matters that we seek to address, and the action required must be framed within the dune landscape parameters outlined in this slide with the manager making a decision on balance between what is possible and what is desirable.
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- This slide considers the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on dunes. This is a significant issuee in many areas across Europe, and is currently attracting much research interest. The key point is that the sources and causes of nitrogen deposition are outside of the dune site. Some may be local 9within the country) but others may be transnational. They all impact adversely on the dunes, and they all require political attention to address them.
- This demonstrates the impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on dunes over a ten year period. Notice the development of vegetation. Basically what has happened here is that fertiliser is being poured on to the site and the valued dune vegetation communities that require open swards and a low nutrient status are no longer present.
- Text as on the slide – all these areas must be addressed more effectively and in a sustained manner. It is important that knowledge exchange is not linear. That is, it is not a onme way exchange from one group to another.
- So let’s return to the values of coastal dunes. Remember that they are picked out for attention in the EU Habitats Directiveas being valuable habitats.
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- You will recall fro the start of this presentation about the distribution and occurrence of coastal dunes around the European coast. I am now going to focus on the five biogeographic regions in the EU which include coastal dunes. These are the following biogeographic regions – Macronesia (MAC) Mediterranean (MED) Atlantic (ATL) Continental (CON) Boreal (BOR) The next slide will present the overall condition of the dune habitats in each of these biogeographical regions.
- There is a lot of information on this slide, but please focus on the five columns for each of the biogeographical regions – ATL, BOR, CON, MAC and MED. To the left of these are the 21 dune habitats identifies as being of European importance through the EU habitats Directive Now note the key to the table. Red and Orange are habitats in unfavourable condition. Gey are those that are unknown. Green are those in favourable condition. You will notice that the overwhelming dominant colours are red and orange. This is not good news for dune habitats.
- So what are the issues coming out of this unhappy assessment? We can see that the present measures to conserve dunes need to be strengthened In other words, they are not fully effective. We can also see that Dunes stand out amongst some other habitats of European interest as a ‘ failing ’ habitat . From these issues we can determine some outlines courses of action. I suggest that these are Sustain the Natura 2000 network momentum Achieve overall favourable condition for dunes This is ambitious considering the issues and uses…… Focus networking and knowledge exchange activity The Biogeographical region approach will help
- In the Uk we have responded to this by establishing the ‘sand Dune and Shingle network’ I founded this in 2006, based in the Department of Geography at Liverpool Hope University. We are now engaaged with statutory government agencies, NGO’s etc and four years later the network is strong, active and vibrant. The Network includes shingle habitats as the issues are sometimes similar and the habitats are sometime found in association in the UK. I am the Director of the Network and we emply one and half members of staff to support the activities.
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- The Network is involved in a number of activities. These include …. Text as the slide The final point of ‘reachng out to other communities’ is crucial. We intend the network not to be a cosy club if inward looking self congratulatory conservationists. We are interesting promoting an actively exchange of knowledge and understanding between sectors, although the strength of the network currently lies with nature conservationists.
- In the four years of it’s existence the Network has proven a success. We now have over 400 people engaged in our Network. Most are drawn from the UK, but a significant portion are from around the world, especially Europe. Our work in the UK continues to develop, but since 2005 I have spent some time building the concept of a European Dune Network. The idea of developoing this was formally tabled at the Littoral 2004 conference in Aberdeen, Scotland.
- The idea of developoing this was formally tabled at the Littoral 2004 conference in Aberdeen, Scotland. Since that date a number of workshops and related events on the topic have been organised in Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium etc. This culminated with formal support for the establishment of the European Dune Network beinggiven by the EUCC Council at its meeting of 13th April 2010 in Portugal. Following this I sent out Sand Dune and Shingle network staff to the EUCC in Leiden, the Netherlands, to develop the concept further and establish joint web pages etc. It is now formally ‘up and running’ but is stiull in early stages.
- The aims of the European Dune Network are ….. Text as slide
- Text as slide Note that further information is available at our web site www.hope.ac.uk/coast or the EUCC web site – URL on the slide
- So, both the European Dune Network is based in, indeed written, in the habitat. There is a clear need for a European Dune Network. The work in Breat Britain to date demnonstrates this. The EU condition assessment of dunes demonstrates the need too!
- The to a succesful Network is to aim to support actions that have the greatest possible beneficial impact on the habitat. This is required, and it is quite urgent. We want to see dynamic dunes wherever possible, and management approach that promotes this.
- I wish to return to an earlier slide outlining the dune landscape management parameters. Whilst realising that we need to operate at a number of levels simultaneously and that we may be limited by practicalities in the scope of our influence, we must promote actions work with those processes that have the geatest possible benefit to the habitat. Usually this means taking a geomorphologically led approach. We must promote and sustain dynamic dunes whenever possible and practical.
- In short, we must value dynamic dunes. Text as slide. In simple terms, we must understand, appreciate and value the arrows on this diagram. This movement is the life blood of a dune system. If the blood in a body stops flowing it is dead. Likewise for dunes. Dynamics are the life blood of dunes. Love moving sand!