2. Reproduction is a live process that lets living things
create other living things that are similar to them.
Humans beings reproduce though sexual reproduction
because their reproduction unites male and female sex
cells. Humans are viviparous mammals.
3. Both the male and female reproductive cells are made in the
male and female reproductive systems respectively.
Reproductive systems are already formed at birth and tell us if
the newborn is a boy or a girl. The different traits of each
reproductive system are called primary sexual features.
4. Between eleven and fifteen years of age, reproductive
systems mature. This stage is called puberty. There are
some physical changes that are the same to both sexes,
like growing hair in the armpit and pubic areas.
There are other changes that are specific for each sex:
Gils develop breast and their hips get wider.
Boys get deeper voices, they get facial hair and their
shoulders get wider.
These external features that are differentiate men from
women are called secondary sexual features.
5. Reproductive cells or sex cells are responsibility for carrying out
the function of reproduction. There are two types:
Ovules. They are the female reproductive cells. They are big and
round. They are immobile. An ovule matures every month since
puberty.
Sperm. They are the male reproductive cells. They are small.
They have a head and a long tail called flagellum that helps
them to move. They are constantly produced since puberty.
6. Most of the female reproductive system is inside the abdomen.
The organs of the female reproductive systems are:
Ovaries: They produce ovules.
Uterus: A foetus develops inside it.
Vagina: It is the canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body.
Vulva: It is outer part of the female reproductive system. It is made up of
folds of skin called labia that protect the entrance to the vagina.
Fallopian tubes: They connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovule and
sperm join inside during fertilisation.
7. Most of the male reproductive system is outside the body. It is
made up of different organs:
Testicles: They are outside a male’s body. They produce sperm. They are
covered by a bag of skin called the scrotum.
Vas deferens: They are two thin tubes that take the sperm from the testicles to
the urethra. They are inside the abdomen.
Urethra: It is the tube that takes urine or sperm outside the body.
Penis: It is outside the male reproductive system. The urethra is inside it.
Seminal vesicles and prostate: They are glands that produce seminal fluid
and send it to the urethra
8. Fertilisation occurs when a sperm joins the ovule in one of the
fallopian tubes. This union creates a single cell called zygote. The
fertilised zygote goes down the fallopian tubes to the uterus. At this
moment, the zygote is now called an embryo. Although an ovule is
not fertilised, it goes down to the uterus and continues to move
Through the vagina along with a small amount of the blood. This is
called a woman’s menstruation or period.
9. Pregancy lasts about nine months.
There are some estructures that are created to protect the
baby:
-The placenta. It takes nutrients from the mother’s blood
and give it to the baby so it can develop.
-The umbilical cord. Connects the embryo to the placenta.
-The amnnotic sac. It is a membrane filled with fluid that
protects the embryo.
10. The embryo has all its organs formed after the first three
months. At this moment, we can call it a foetus.
-By the fifth month the mother can feel the baby’s
movements.
-After nine months the baby is ready to be born.
Premature babies are born early and often need specially
care.
11. Childbirth is when a baby leaves its mother’s womb.
The childbirth has three stages:
-LABOUR
-BIRTH
-AFTERBIRTH
