Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
CrossRef: Improving Scholarly Communications
1. Improving Scholarly Communication
The First Congress of Asia Paci c Association of Medical Journal Editors
28th August 2011
Kirsty Meddings, CrossRef
kmeddings@crossref.org
Friday, 2 September 2011
5. Computer scientist Diomidis Spinellis “examined 4,224 URLs
in 2,471 computer science articles… and discovered that
nearly half of the references could not be accessed within
four years of the publication date. Links become inaccessible
as time passes…”
Diomidis Spinellis. 2003. The decay and failures of web references. Commun. ACM 46, 1 (January 2003),
71-77. DOI=10.1145/602421.602422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/602421.602422
Friday, 2 September 2011
6. Established 1999
AAAS • Academic Press • American Institute of Physics •
Association of Computing Machinery • Blackwell • Elsevier
• IEEE • Kluwer Academic • Nature Publishing Group •
Oxford University Press • Springer • Wiley
Friday, 2 September 2011
21. User clicks on
CrossRef DOI
reference link in
Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and
differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in
Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
Friday, 2 September 2011
22. User clicks on
CrossRef DOI
reference link in
Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and
differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in
Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
DOI
directory returns
URL
Friday, 2 September 2011
23. User clicks on
User accesses
CrossRef DOI
cited article in
reference link in
Journal B
Journal A
Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and
differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in
Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162
DOI
directory returns
URL
Friday, 2 September 2011
27. Enables persistent linking by
assigning DOI pre xes to its members
maintaining a database of DOIs, associated
metadata and URLs
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28. DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
Friday, 2 September 2011
29. DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
Friday, 2 September 2011
30. DOI = NISO Standard
CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency
Friday, 2 September 2011
31. provides an organizational
foundation for widespread linking
Membership association for
cooperative development of a
digital linking infrastructure
Business model neutral
Commercial, societies, non-pro ts, university
presses, OA publishers. 66% non-pro t
One agreement with CrossRef is
a linking agreement with all
other CrossRef participants
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32. Oxford, UK
Boston, USA 5 Staff
14 Staff
-16 person international Board of Directors
-Working Groups & Committees
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33. "CrossRef's goal is to be a trusted
collaborative organization with broad
community connections; authoritative and
innovative in support of a persistent,
sustainable infrastructure for scholarly
communication."
Friday, 2 September 2011
35. Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
Friday, 2 September 2011
36. Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
Friday, 2 September 2011
37. Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
Friday, 2 September 2011
38. Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)
Friday, 2 September 2011
39. Why do publishers join?
To get persistent IDs and links for their content
To drive more traffic to their content
To turn their references into hyperlinks
To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)
To participate in new collaborative services
Friday, 2 September 2011
40. 3,542 publishers and societies
48,200,000 content items with DOIs
24,870 journals
166,000 books
21,200 conference proceedings
Friday, 2 September 2011
42. Content Growth
Total CrossRef DOIs
47,000,000
37,600,000
28,200,000
18,800,000
9,400,000
2002 2003
2004 2005
2006 2007 0
2008 2009 2010
2011
Friday, 2 September 2011
43. Linking 5 centuries of
content
Century # of DOIs deposited
17th 1,686
18th 4,200
19th 651,584
20th 20,804,031
21st 13,914,241
Friday, 2 September 2011
44. Linking 5 centuries of
content
Century # of DOIs deposited
17th 1,686
18th 4,200
19th 651,584
20th 20,804,031
21st 13,914,241
1665
Friday, 2 September 2011
54. How to ensure long-term persistence?
• Technical: two data centers, backups,
disaster recovery plan
• IP and trademarks: ownership of IP of system
software and a strong brand
• Sustainable org: good governance, sound
business model (surpluses) and Cash
Reserve Fund
Friday, 2 September 2011
56. Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
Friday, 2 September 2011
57. Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N
Friday, 2 September 2011
58. Creating DOIs for content
DOI suffixes should be:
10.1002/smj.376
Short
Easily documented
Readily implemented
Opaque/Dumb
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N
Friday, 2 September 2011
59. New DOI display Guidelines
Announced 2nd August 2011
change
doi:10.5555/12345678
to
http://dx.doi.org10.5555/12345678
Friday, 2 September 2011
64. Content Negotiation for DOIs
All CrossRef Metadata available in machine-
readable format
In accordance with linked data principles
No change for people following DOI links
Machines following DOI links can ask to receive
XML metadata instead of the HTML page
Friday, 2 September 2011
65. Fees: Annual Membership
Annual Publishing Revenue Annual Fee
< $1 million $275
$1 million-$5 million $550
$5 million-$10 million $1,650
$10 million-$25 million $3,900
$25 million-$50 million $8,300
$50 million-$100 million $14,000
$100 million-$200 million $22,000
$200 million-$500 million $33,000
>$500 million $50,000
Friday, 2 September 2011
66. One-Time Deposit Fees
Deposit Type Per-DOI Fee
Current records (2008-2010) $1.00
Book chapters and reference $0.25
entries ≤ 250 per title
Book chapters and reference $0.15
entries > 250 per title
Backfiles $0.15
Components, data records $.06
Journal Titles free
Friday, 2 September 2011
67. What is CrossRef Cited-by Linking?
A way to answer the question:
“Who’s Citing You?”
• An optional reference
linking service of CrossRef
• Additional navigation for
your publication web site
• Demonstration to your
readers the relevance of
your content
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72. Cited-by Rules
• Participation is optional
Friday, 2 September 2011
73. Cited-by Rules
• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their
current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
Friday, 2 September 2011
74. Cited-by Rules
• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their
current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can
retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’
primary content.
Friday, 2 September 2011
75. Cited-by Rules
• Participation is optional
• Members must deposit references from their
current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.
• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can
retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’
primary content.
• Cited-by Linking is not available for secondary
publishers.
Friday, 2 September 2011
76. • 225 publishers participating
• 8.7 million articles with references
deposited
• 138 million Cited-by links
• 17.4 million articles with at least
one Cited-by link
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84. 243 publishers
29.9 million content items indexed
57,000 titles
20,000+ manuscripts checked each month
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85. Friday, 2 September 2011
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10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
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Documents Checked
87. Industry Problems
• The scholarly pre-publication process is
largely invisible
• The common belief that the publisher’s job
is done on publication of the “ nal” version
• A proliferation of versions of content online
that are not stewarded
• Readers don’t know which copy to “trust”
Friday, 2 September 2011
88. erratum
corrigendum
updates
enhancements
withdrawals
retractions
new editions
Friday, 2 September 2011
90. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Friday, 2 September 2011
91. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Friday, 2 September 2011
92. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
Friday, 2 September 2011
93. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
Friday, 2 September 2011
94. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
Where the publisher-maintained version is
Friday, 2 September 2011
95. What is CrossMark?
A logo that identi es a publisher-
maintained copy of a piece of content
Clicking the logo tells you
Whether there have been any updates
If this copy is being maintained by the publisher
Where the publisher-maintained version is
Other important publication record information
Friday, 2 September 2011
105. What kind of Publication Record
information could be available?
Friday, 2 September 2011
106. What kind of Publication Record
information could be available?
Funding disclosures
Con ict of interest statements
Publication history (submission, revision and
accepted dates)
Location of data deposits or registries
Peer review process used
CrossCheck plagiarism screening
License types
Friday, 2 September 2011
109. Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable
publishers to enhance their content and
services
Friday, 2 September 2011
110. Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable
publishers to enhance their content and
services
• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers
content
Friday, 2 September 2011
111. Conclusions
• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable
publishers to enhance their content and
services
• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers
content
• CrossRef services enable publishers to
highlight the value they add to content
Friday, 2 September 2011
112. Final Thought
• No publisher is an island - collaboration and
connection are the keys
Friday, 2 September 2011
113. Thank You
Kirsty Meddings
Product Manager
kmeddings@crossref.org
Friday, 2 September 2011