This presentation was updated on September 17, 2014. This is an Introduction to CrossRef. What it does, who its for, how it works. Includes definitions of Digital Object Identifiers, description of the CrossRef organization, gives examples of reference linking, discusses the responsibilities and benefits of membership

1. Introduction to CrossRef
Patricia Feeney
Product Support Manager
September 17, 2014

2. Why do publishers join?
 To get persistent identifiers for their content
 To drive more traffic to their content
 To turn references into hyperlinks
 To pull in cited-by links (who cites this?)
 Participate in other collaborative services
(CrossCheck, CrossMark)

3. DOI = Digital Object Identifier
 Uniquely identifies a digital object
 Solves link rot (broken links)

4. http://dx.doi.org/ + DOI = persistent URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/72753
9

5. DOIs
69,311,247 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.02.010 10.3113/FAI.2008.0185 10.1037/07357028.38.4.338.supp 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.11.004 10.1139/Z07-115 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.033
10.1016/j.coph.2008.01.007 10.1109/ISBI.2007.357057 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.01.049 10.1016/j.aorn.2007.12.029 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f29aa6
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.144 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.02.009 10.1016/j.jfs.2007.12.003 10.1177/0278364907085562 10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.011
10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.10.008 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.043 10.1080/1055678031000152079 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02908.x 10.1016/j.cep.10.1016/j.physletb.2008.03.004 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.01.004 10.1006/S0003-2670(03)00575-0 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3537)
10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.001 10.1016/j.jce.2008.03.001 10.1097/YIC.0b013e3282f2d42c 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.146 10.2223/JPED.1758 10.1016/10.1109/ISBI.2007.356995 Type 10.1007/3-540-48311-X 10.1016/# titles S0168-583X(97)00553-#DOIs 3 10.1029/2007GL090712 % 10.1016/of total
j.biombioe.2008.02.002 10.1038/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00624.x 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.02.007 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)00109-2 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.077 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.02.020
10.1029/2007SW000355 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.01.009 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05319. 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.009 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.02.040
10.1016/j.poly.2007.12.031 Journals 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.030 35,841 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.11.005 53,957,109 10.3390/molecules130100 78%
10.1016/j.cam.2008.02.015
10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.11.105 10.1007/s12282-008-0037-0 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.018 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.018 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01461.10.1021/la7032753 Books 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00257.551,134 x 10.1109/QSIC.2007.4385520 8,598,275 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.025 12%
10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.028 10.1016/10.1017/SO266467405003056 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.004 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.003 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.03.001 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.02.023
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.003 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.057 10.1016/j.paed.2007.12.008 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.034 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.03.002
10.1016/j.apenergy.Proceedings 2008.01.002 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05262.40,663 x 10.1016/j.3,745,918 seares.2008.02.004 10.1016/j.5%
expneurol.2008.02.013 10.1016/j.ica.2008.02.064
10.1080/10242420701379866 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.002 10.1043/0012-9658(1975)056[0511:TMGS]2.0.CO;2 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.006 10.1016/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.090 10.1016/j.jomh.2007.11.003 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.02.004 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.01.007 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01425.10.1080/87565640701376151 Components* 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.11.004 10.1016/j.jala.2007.12.008 1,660,833 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2%
2007.12.023 10.1016/j.eja.2008.01.006 10.1002/(8644(199708)103:4<507::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO 10.1007/s12033-008-9055-6 10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.01.005 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.01.004 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.031 10.1021/b608262a 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.049 10.1016/j.rbmret.2007.10.001 10.1097/01.CCM.0000298158.12101.41
10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.051 10.1016/j.irfa.2008.02.004 10.1016/j.csr.2008.02.013 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.014 10.1007/978-3-8350-9310-
10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.11.109 10.1146/annurev.celibio.22.011105.102609 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.02.010 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.12.007
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.025 * figures, 10.1016/tables, j.mpdhp.2007.12.003 supplemental 10.1038 10.1016/materials
j.tiv.2008.01.013 10.1186/1471-2105-9-141 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f3476f
10.1016/j.destud.2007.12.006 10.1013/j.bjps/2007.11.011 10.1016/j.fbp.2008.01.001 10.1016/j.jomh.2007.12.004 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.036 10.1109/10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.027 Also: 10.1016/Standards, j.still.2008.01.009 10.1890/Working 060162 10.1016/Papers, j.epsr.2007.11.002 Dissertations, 10.2514/1.27866 Datasets
10.1155/2008/483857
10.1016/j.measurement.2008.02.009 10.2466/PRO.101.3.970-978 10.1016/j.ab.2008.03.006 10.1213/01.ane.0000295230.55439.f4 10.1017/S095410200600037X
10.1146/annurev.genom.7.0805.115737 10.1016/j.anl.2007.12.006 10.1016/j.aorl.2007.10.004 10.1016/j.cca.2008.02.021 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.001 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00722.CrossRef x 10.1016/Status j.molcata.2008.03.002 Page
10.1016/j.cag.2005.05.010. 10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00195.10.1007/BF02845227 10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.01.001 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.057 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.013 10.1007/s11450-008
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990515)85:10<2114::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-U 10.1016/j.archger.2008.01.009 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00179.x
10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.12.005 10.1016/j.clim.2007.12.010 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.12.012 10.1038/417304a 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.10.004 10.1016/

6. International DOI Foundation (IDF):
oversees the central DOI system, promote
DOI as a standard, and provides an
organizational infrastructure that ensures
persistence and interoperability.
Corporation for National Research
Initiatives (CNRI): they (among other things)
are responsible for the Handle system, which
is the technology that causes DOIs to resolve.
Registration Agencies (RAs): Register
DOIs on behalf of other organizations.
CrossRef is a RA.

7. Registration agencies
European Union Office of Publications
TIB (Technische Informationsbibliotek)
R.R. Bowker
Nielsen Bookdata
Copyright Agency Limited (CAL)
mEDRA
Wanfang Data
DataCite

8. Broken links are a problem

9. Deposit DOIs and metadata
Basic citation metadata:
author (s), journal title, article title, volume, issue,
publication date, book title, chapter title, page numbers,
article IDs, internal identifiers, ISSN, ISBN…
Optional (but recommended):
Funding information, ORCIDs, references (to support cited-by
linking), CrossMark metadata, text and data mining
license information

10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1995.0238
http://dx.doi.org/
Prefix:
 Assigned to members
 Format is 10.XXXX (or
10.XXXXX)
 Identifies who initially created
the DOI
 Prefix does not identify the
current owner of the DOI
Suffix:
 Unique within a prefix – a DOI can
only be assigned to one item
 Consistent
 Logical
 Easily documented
 Readily implemented
 case insensitive
DOI directory
10.1006/
DOI prefix
jmbi.1995.0238
DOI suffix

11. Keep it simple:
10.5664/sleep.1000
10.3183/NPPRJ-1986-01-03-p004-013
10.3103/S0005105507050032
10.4260/BJFT20094508
10.1632/074069503X85526
Allowed characters:
"a-z", "A-Z", "0-9" and "-._;()/”

12. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
…
<timestamp>200706181120</timestamp>
…
<journal>
<journal_metadata>
<full_title>American Journal of Meetings</full_title>
<abbrev_title>Am J Meet</abbrev_title>
<issn media_type='print'>4445-6767</issn>
</journal_metadata>
<journal_issue>
<publication_date media_type='print'>
<month>5</month>
<day>5</day>
<year>2001</year>
</publication_date>
<journal_volume>
<volume>33</volume>
</journal_volume>
<issue>1</issue>
</journal_issue>

13. <journal_article publication_type='full_text'>
<titles> <title>Lets have a meeting</title></titles>
<contributors>
<person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>
<given_name>Bob</given_name>
<surname>Surname</surname>
</person_name>
<publication_date media_type='print'>
<month>5</month> <day>9</day> <year>2001</year>
</publication_date>
<pages>
<first_page>100</first_page><last_page>200</last_page>
</pages>
<doi_data>
<doi>10.50505/test_200704082300</doi>
<resource>http://www.crossref.org/sampleurl</resource>
</doi_data>
…

14. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
submission
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxdoi
Submissio
n report

15. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch_diagnostic status="completed" sp="cr6.crossref.org">
<submission_id>426240380</submission_id>
<batch_id>12009_DOIs_unreg_2007-09-21</batch_id> <record_diagnostic status="Success">
<doi>10.1385/AO:38:1:8</doi>
<msg>Success</msg>
</record_diagnostic>
<record_diagnostic status="Failure" msg_id="22">
<doi>all doi's of the current journal element</doi>
<msg>ISSN "15304086" has already been assigned to a different title/publisher/genre</msg>
</record_diagnostic>
<record_diagnostic status="Warning">
<doi>10.3386/w11255</doi>
<msg>Added with conflict</msg>
<conflict_id>354709</conflict_id>
<dois_in_conflict>
<doi>10.1596/1813-9450-3622</doi>
</dois_in_conflict>
</record_diagnostic>
<batch_data>
<record_count>3</record_count>
<success_count>1</success_count>
<warning_count>1</warning_count>
<failure_count>1</failure_count>
</batch_data>
</doi_batch_diagnostic>
<batch_data>
<record_count>3</record_count>
<success_count>1</success_count>
<warning_count>1</warning_count>
<failure_count>1</failure_count>
</batch_data>
More info: Interpreting submission logs
Submissio
n report

16. Thanks!
Where
is my
DOI?
Researcher
Publisher who did not review
their submission log
CMS subscriber
Member querying for
outbound links
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
submission
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxdoi
CrossRef
System
Submissio
n report

17. Deposit interfaces
The vast majority of
transactions are made via a
machine interface
Public interface:
Web deposit form:
http://www.crossref.org/webDeposit/
System interface:
http://doi.crossref.org
HTTP
More info: Deposit Basics

18. Web deposit

19. Publishing and displaying DOIs
Do not publicize DOIs until links are live
Include CrossRef DOIs on response pages
(required), TOCs, abstracts, PDFs, citation
downloads, metadata feeds, social network
links
Display CrossRef DOIs as a URL

20. Display DOIs
Response page must include:
 bibliographic information about the item
 means to access full text
 the DOI

21. Outbound Reference Linking

22. DOI guidelines
http://www.crossref.org/02publishers/doi_display_guidelines.html
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-
2765(03)00225-9
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260, http://doi.org/bm6
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1097-
2765(03)00225-9
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260, CrossRef.
Ghosh, M.K., M.L. Harter. 2003. A viral mechanism for remodeling chromatin
structure in G0 cells. Mol. Cell. 12:255–260, Article.

25. Public interfaces:
SimpleText Query
CrossRef Metadata Search
http://doi.crossref.org
Machine interfaces:
HTTP POST or GET
OpenURL
OAI-PMH (for CMS
subscribers)
More info: How Querying Works

26. SimpleText Query
DOI match!
DOI match!

27. CrossRef Metadata Search

28. Resolve all conflicts
Conflicts occur when two (or more) DOIs share the
same metadata, suggesting two DOIs are assigned
to a single item.

29. Why are conflicts bad?
 Only one DOI should be assigned per item
 Queries will return multiple DOIs, causing confusion
 Some queries (OpenURL) may not return a DOI if multiple results
are present
 Conflicts between two DOIs often result in one of the DOIs being
neglected

30. Update metadata and URLs
URL update
H:email=pfeeney@crossref.org;fromPrefix=10.5555;toPrefix=10.5555
10.5555/doi1 http://www.yoururl.com/journal/art1
10.5555/doi2 http://www.yoururl.com/journal/art2
10.5555/doi2 http://www.yoururl.com/journal/art12
Updating metadata
To make changes to your metadata, resubmit your entire deposit.
There is no charge for updating your DOIs – we
encourage you to update them as often as needed.

31. Maintaining Journal Titles
 Title and ISSN combinations are determined by the publisher.
 A valid ISSN is required for all journal titles
 The title / ISSN combination in your deposit must match the title / ISSN
combination in our system.
 If a title changes, a new ISSN is required
 Journals should be deposited under the original title
Title list: http://www.crossref.org/titleList/
Title transfer policies: http://help.crossref.org/#ID5855

32. Recurring reports:
 Resolution Report (email)
As-needed reports:
 Conflict
 DOI Error Report (email)
 Schematron Report (email)
Always available:
 Depositor Report
 Status Report
 Go-live report
 Title list
Tools
 XML Parser
 Test system: http://test.crossref.org
 Deposit Harvester
Reports!

33. Resolution Report (emailed monthly)
More info: Resolution Report

34. DOI Error report (emailed nightly as
needed)
 compiled from reports submitted by end users
 emailed nightly to technical contact
Reasons for DOI Error:
 a DOI has been published but not deposited
 the published DOI does not match the deposited DOI
 the end user misinterpreted or mistyped a DOI (i.e.
confusing 1 for l or 0 for O)
More info: DOI Error Report

35. Make plans for long-term archiving
CLOCKSS: http://clockss.org
Portico: http://www.portico.org
Koninklijke Bibliotheek / National Library of the
Netherlands:
http://www.kb.nl/

36. Pay bills and keep in touch
Billing:
 Annual membership feel billed annually, sent out in
December
 Deposit fees billed quarterly*
** unless deposit fee total < $1,000, then sent out
annually
Keep in touch!
Send any contact changes to info@crossref.org

37. Where to find help:
 Help documentation: http://help.crossref.org
 CrossRef support: email support@crossref.org or visit
http://support.crossref.org
 Webinars:
http://www.crossref.org/01company/webinars.html
Staying up to date:
 Announcements forum:
http://support.crossref.org/forums/147622-announcements
subscribe via RSS or email
 CrossRef Quarterly: CrossRef newsletter
 CrossRef Labs: new and experimental tools and initiatives

38. Questions?
Technical support: support@crossref.org
Membership support: info@crossref.org