Más contenido relacionado الأبعاد النفسية-والاجتماعية-لترويج-الاشاعات1. 1
ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺒﺴﻡ
ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ
ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ
ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ
ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ
ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ
ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﺒﺩﺸﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻓﺎﻴﺯ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ
ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ–ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ–ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ
ﻏﺯﺓ–ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥﻏﺯﺓ–ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ
2008/2009
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2. 2
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻠﺨﺹ:ﻫﺩﻓﻫﺫﻩ ﺕﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ
ﻭﺴﺎﺌلﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ،ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ
ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ،ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ،ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭلﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ
ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻰ ﺃﺸﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺩ ﹰﺎﺤﺭﺒ ﹰﺔﺨﺎﺼ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﹰﺔﻋﺎﻤ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ
ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ،ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ
ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺒﺙ ،ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل
ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ؛ ﺃﻭ ،ﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ،ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ لﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﹰﺍﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﹰﻼﻋﺎﻤ
ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻗﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ.
ﺒ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ؛ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻤ ﻭﻗﺩﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻬﺎﺤﻴﻭﻀ ﻭﻻ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺄﻨﻪ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ..ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ،ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ
ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻭﻗﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭل.ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻏﺭﺽ ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ
ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ؛ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺼﻑ ﻴﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ
ﻭﺍﻵﺜ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺎﺭ.
Psychological and social dimensions in the promotion of rumors through the
media and remedy from an Islamic perspective
Summary of research: study aims to uncover the psychological and social
dimensions in the promotion of rumors through the media and remedy from an
Islamic perspective, where the media of the main sources of information, which builds
upon the individual positions and groups based on trends of current events, whether
acceptance or rejection , And the media significant role in shaping the public's
recipient of the issues on the domestic and international arena, facing the world in
general and Palestinians in particular war is one of the harshest and most wars waged
by the enemies against their opponents, is to spread rumors aimed at undermining the
viability and dispersal of their ranks, broadcasting Sedition and division among them,
and through the media of different kinds, poisonous, where the media is a major factor
in the transformation process through its information may be true or false or distorted;
a result of exposure continued and sustained by the future of the media.
Islam Has been marked its presentation of the facts; proven that through intuition and
guesswork, and illustrated by way of fraud and chicanery .. But builds on the realities
of science leads to uncertainty, and the truth that leads to confidence and trust,
honesty commitment was crucial in the successful Islamic Information.
Islam has developed a set of solutions that contribute to the reduction of rumors and
damage to the individual and society.
To achieve the purpose of the study researchers used the descriptive approach
analytical attempt to describe the phenomenon in question; and analysis of data
indicating the relationship between the components and the views put around and
processes involved and the effects.
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3. 3
ﻤﻘـﺩﻤـــﺔ:
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺩﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛ﺘـﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻷﻨﻬـﺎ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ(ﻋﻭﺍﻁـﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ
ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻤﻨ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺓﺫﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ
ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ.
ﻤﻥ ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ
ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﺩﺘﻬﺎﻓﻤﺎ ،ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﻲﺃﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﺼل ﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻴﻘ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺩﻑﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﻭﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻭﻥﺤﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻻ ﺒل ،ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺇﻟﻰ
ﻓﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻘل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ؛ﻴـﻀﻴﻑ ﻤـﺎ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻴﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﺒل
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ،ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻕ ﺎ؛ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻤﺎ
ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﺃﻋﻅﻡﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻪﺠﻟﻤﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ؛ﺤﻤل ﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻷﻥ
ﺴـﺎﻋﺩ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺩ ﻜل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻨﻘل ﻋﺏﺀ
ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻷﻥ ،ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰﻴ ﻗﺩﺼـﺩﻴﻘﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺴﻤﻊ،ﺃﺩﺍﺨـل ﻭﻤـﻥ
ﺘﺫﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻜﺱ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ،ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪﺍﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﺼﺤﻑ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻟﺠ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﺸﻙ ﻤﺤل ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻬﻭﺭ)،ﻜﺤﻴل
ﺏ.ﺕ:71(.
ﻓﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ،ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ،ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل
ﺍﻷﺤﺩ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭل ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﺙ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ،ﺃﻭ،ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔﻭﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﻜﺎﺩ ﹰﺎﺤﺭﺒ ﹰﺔﺨﺎﺼ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﹰﺔﻤﻭﺃﻗﺴﻰ ﺃﺸﺩ ﻤﻥ
ﺨﺼﻭﻤ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻴل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ،ﻬﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺒﺙ ،ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ.
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﺍﺭﺘﺠﺎﻟﻴـ ﹰﻼﻋﻤ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ ،ﻨﻴﻥﻴﻤﻌ ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ
ﻓ ﺒﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﹰﺎﻓﻭﻀﻭﻴ ﹰﻼﻋﻤﻓـﻲ ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ،ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل
ﺯﻤـﺎﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻟﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ،ﻤﺤﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥﺘﺨﻁﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﺔ ﻑ.
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4. 4
ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﹰﺎﻋﻠﻤ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ،ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ
ﺘﺤﻘ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺴﻠﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﺫﺍ ،ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻁﻠﻕﻤـﻥ ﹰﺎﻤﻨﻅﻤـ ﹰﺎﻁﺭﻴﻘ ﻴﻘﻬﺎ
ﻴ ﺃﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼل،ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻭﻟﺫﺍ-ﺒﻁﺒﻴﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﻌﺔ-ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻜل ﺃﻥ
ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﹰﺎﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁ ﹰﺎﻭﺍﻀﺤ ﹰﺎﻋﻠﻤ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ)،ﻨﻭﻓل1981:101.(
ﻤﺘﻐ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﻟﻸﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻘﺩﻓﻲ ﻴﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡﺤﻴﺙ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔﻟﻬﻡ ﻜﺎﻥﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﻡ،ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺇﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻬﻡ
"ﹰﻼﻤﺜ ﻓﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ)1918ﻡ(ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺭﺩ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻀﺩ ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﹰﺎﻗﺴﻤ)ﻨﻭﺭﺜﻜﻠﻴﻑ(،
ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ)ﻭﻟﺴﻭﻥ(ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ)ﺠـﻭﺭﺝ
ﺴﺭﻴل(ﺃﺴـﻘﻁ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻭﻗﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﺎﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ)ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻭﻥ) (5.360.000(ﺨﻼ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ ل-
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ1918ﻡ)ﻨﻭﻓل،1981:103(.
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻫﺫﺍﹼﻁﺍﻟﺨﺔﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺀﺒﻨﺎ)ﺭﻓﺘﺴﺩ ﻕ(،
ﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﻴﺙﻭﻜـﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺯﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﻫﺩﻑ ﹰﺎﻭﺍﻀﺤ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺤﺭﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﹰﻼﻓﻤﺜ ،ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺭﻭﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ)1982(ﻟﺒﻨـﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ
ﻟ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺤﺎﻭل ﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﺠﻠﺕﻭﺤـﺎﻭل ،ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ
ﻴﻜـﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻴﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺂﺭﺒﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل
ﻜﺴﺒﻬﺎ.
ﺨﻁﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺠﻨﺩﻱ ﻕﻭﺘﻔ ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ
ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺩﻱ ﱡﻑﻠﻭﺘﺨ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ...ﺍﻟﺨـﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻭﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺠﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﻜﺎﻥﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺔ ﺘﺨـﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﺔﺍﻹﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ،
ﺨﻁﺏ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ،ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺨﻁﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ)ﺇﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﺒﺎ(ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴـﺔ ﻭﺯﻴـﺭ
ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ،ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲﻭﺍﻷﻤل ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﹰﺎﺘﻤﺎﻤ ﻴﺎﺌﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭل ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ
ﺭﻭﺡ ﺇﺸـﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ،ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻭﻓﻲ ،ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ
ﺒﺎﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺏ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ،ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤل،
ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ)،ﺇﻤﺎﻡ1979:333.(
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5. 5
ﻫ ﻤﻥﻨﺎﺘﺘﻀﺢﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺀ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ ﻭﻫـﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ
ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻉ ﻋﻠـﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﺘﻔﻕ ﻭﻗﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻜل ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ،ﺒﺎﻟﻜل
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙﺃﺤـﺩ ﺘﻌـﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺜﻭﻥ
ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ
ﻭﺴ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻴﺍﻟﻔـﺘﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﻌـﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻭﻏﺴل ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻠﺔ
ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺕ)،ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ1994:60.(
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ)،ﻋﺒﺎﺱ2005(ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ
ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ،ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ)ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ،ﺍﷲ2005(ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔﻭﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ
ﺃﻋﺼ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎﻭﻭﺠﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺎﺏ.
ﻭﻗﺩﺯﻴﺘﻤﻋﺭﻀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡﻪﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ؛ﻭﻻ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ
ﺤﻴﻭﻀﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻬﺎ..ﻭﺇ،ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻤﺎﻭﻋﻠﻰ
ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ،ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻡﺫ ﻭﻟﻘﺩﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ:﴿ﻥﹸﻭﻟﹸﻭﻘﹶﺘﻭ ﻡﹸﻜﺘﹶﻨﺴﹾﻟَﺄﹺﺒ ﻪﹶﻨﻭﱠﻘﹶﻠﹶﺘ ﹾﺫِﺇ
ﻡﻴﻅﻋ ﻪﱠﻠﺍﻟ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻭﻫﻭ ﹰﺎﻨﻴﻫ ﻪﹶﻨﻭﺒﺴﺤﹶﺘﻭ ﻡﹾﻠﻋ ﻪﹺﺒ ﹸﻡﻜﹶﻟ ﺱﻴﹶﻟ ﺎﻤ ﹸﻡﻜﻫﺍﻭﹾﻓَﺄﹺﺒ﴾)ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ:15(ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺭﺩ
ﻓﻲﻓ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﹼﺔﻨﺍﻟﺴﻌﻥﻋﺎﺼﻡ ﺒﻥ ﺤﻔﺹﻗﺎل ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﻀﻲ:ﻗﺎلﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺴﻭل
ﻭﺴﻠﻡ" :ﹰﺎﻜﺫﺒ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺀ ﻜﻔﻰﺴﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻜل ﺙﺩﻴﺤ ﺃﻥ")ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ1/310:6(.
،ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﺘﻀﻠﻴل ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻺﺸﺎﻋﺔ
ﺃﺸﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱﺀ ﺴﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ ﻉ-ﻭﺴـﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ-ﺒﺄﻨـﻪ
ﹸﻗ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺩﺤﹸﺍ ﻏﺯﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﻋﻭﺍ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ،ﻤﺠﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻫﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ،ﱠﺍﺏﺫﻜ ﺴﺎﺤﺭـﺘﻟﺘـﻀﻠﻴل ل
ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ.
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻴﺭﻀﻰ ﻻ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ؛ﹰﻼﻭﺘـﻀﻠﻴ ﻭﻓﺘﻨـﺔ ﹰﺍﻀﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﻥ
ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻤﻥ ،ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ:﴿ﻴ ﺎﻤﱠﻨِﺇﻡـﻫ ﻙِﺌﻟـﻭُﺃﻭ ﻪﹼﻠﺍﻟ ﺕﺎﻴﹺﺂﺒ ﻥﹸﻭﻨﻤْﺅﻴ ﹶﻻ ﻥﻴﺫﱠﻟﺍ ﺏﺫﹶﻜﹾﻟﺍ ﹺﻱﺭﹶﺘﹾﻔ
ﻥﻭﺒﺫﹶﺎﻜﹾﻟﺍ﴾)ﺍﻟﻨﺤل:105(،ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ:﴿ﻠﻤﻌﻥﻴﻨﻭَۖﻴﺃﹶﻨﹸﻭﻔﻘﹸﺜ ﺎﻤٓﹶﺘ ﹾﺍﹸﻭﻠﱢﺘﹸﻗﻭ ﹾﺍﹸﻭﺫﺨُﺃ ﹾﺍﻘﹰﻼﻴﺘ۟﴾
)ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ:61(.
ﺍﻟ ﻴﺸﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺘﻔﺴﻴﻕ ﺡﺭﺼ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺠل ﻋﺯ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﺒلﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل ﺤﻴﺙ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺫﺏ:
﴿ﻡﹸﺘﻠﻌﹶﻓ ﺎﻤ ﹶﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺍﺤﹺﺒﺼﹸﺘﹶﻓ ﺔﹶﻟﺎﻬﺠﹺﺒ ﺎﻤﻭﹶﻗ ﻭﺍﺒﻴﺼﹸﺘ ﻥَﺃ ﹸﻭﺍﻨﻴﺒﹶﺘﹶﻓ ﻕﺴﹶﺎﻓ ﻡﹸﻜﺎﺀﺠ ﻥِﺇ ﹸﻭﺍﻨﻤﺁ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻬﺎﻴﺃ ﻴﺎ
ﻥﻴﻤﺩﹶﺎﻨ﴾)ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭﺍﺕ:6(.
ﻓﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﺄ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺫﻭﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺒل ،ﻋﻬﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﹰﺎﻤﺭﻀ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔﺩﻤﻬﺎ:
ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﻓﻔﻲ ،ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ
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6. 6
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺘﻬﻤﻪ ،ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺃﺸﺎﻋﻭﺍ ﺎﻨﺔﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ
ﺍ ﺒﻨﺕ ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺭﻤﻰ ﻤﺎﻟـﺼﺩﻴﻕ
ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻓﻙ ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺃﺒﻲ.ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻤﺎﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻴﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ.ﺒﻘﻭﻟـﻪ ﻭﻓﻀﺤﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﻁﻊ:﴿ﻥﹶـﻅ ﻩﻭﻤﹸﺘﻌﻤـﺴ ﹾﺫِﺇ ﹶـﺎﻟﻭﹶﻟ
ِﺇ ﹶﺍﺫﻫ ﹸﻭﺍﻟﹶﺎﻗﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﹶﺨ ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﻔَﻨﺄﹺﺒ ﹸﺕﹶﺎﻨﻤْﺅﻤﹾﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﹸﻭﻨﻤْﺅﻤﹾﻟﺍﻥﹺﻴﺒﻤ ﻙﹾﻓ﴾)ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ:12(.
ﻟﺫﻟﻙﺘﻭﻗﺘ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺴﺘﺤﻭﺫﻭﺍﻨﺘﺒﺎﻫﻨ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻨﺎﺎﺘﺤﺎﺼﺭﻨﺎ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﺩ ،
ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩﻩ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﺇﺫ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻓﻲ ،ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻨﺫﻫﺏ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻜل ﻓﻲ
ﹰﺎﻴﻭﻤﻴ ﻨﻘﺭﺃﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﻤﻌﻪﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ.
ﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﻥﻫﺫ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺒﺜﻘﺕﻩﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔﹼﻬﻠﻋﺎﺘﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﹰﺎﺸﻴﺌ ﻀﻴﻑﺘﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺎﻫﻡ
ﺒﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ ﻟﻼﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺠﺎﺩﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻁﺭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ:
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺩ:
ﺍﻹ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﺎﻋﻼﻡ؟
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﻋﻥ ﻭﻴﻨﺒﺜﻕ:
1-ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﺎﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ؟
2-ﻤﺎﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ؟
3-ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔﻟﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻠﺤﺩﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ
ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ؟
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ:ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﺩﻓﺕ:
1-ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ.
2-ﺍﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻜﺸﻑ.
3-ﺭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻋﻠﻰ ﻑﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔﻟ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔﺍﻹﺸﺎ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻠﺤﺩﻋﺎﺕﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ.
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ:
ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏﻤﺎﻴﻠﻲ:
1ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻌﻴﺵ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﹰﺎﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ـ
ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺅﻨﺎ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺤﻭل.
2ـﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻁﻲﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔﻟﺍﻻﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﻜـل ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ.
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3ـﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ ﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ.
4ـﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ.
5ـﺍﻟﻤ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ
ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻭل.
6ـﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ.
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ:ﻴﺤـﺎﻭل ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ
ﻤﻜﻭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺼﻑﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ.
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ:
ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ:ﻫﻲﺍﻟﺤﻘـﺎﺌﻕ ﺘﺯﻴﻴـﻑ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ،ﻤﺎ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ،ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟـﺭﻭﺡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻤﻭﺽ ﺒﺎﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﺘﺘﺴﻡ ،ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﹰﺎﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ ﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻙ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ ﻭﺯﺭﻉ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ ﻴﺔ
ﹰﺎﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ ﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴ ﺃﻭ)،ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ1994:14.(
-ﻤـﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻤﺤﻴﺹ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ ﺃﻭﺤﺩﺙ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻰﺼـﺤﺘﻪ،
،ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﺒﺎﻟﺘﻬﻭﻴ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﻠ ﺃﻡ لﻴل)،ﻁﻪ2003:22.(
-ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﹰﺎﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ" :ﺒﺎ ﻭﻟـﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻴﺔﻏﻴـﺭ ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ ﻟـﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ
ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ"
ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل:
ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ.
ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ.
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ.
ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ.
ﺃﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﻭ.
ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ.
ﻤﺴﺠل ﺸﺭﻴﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ.
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻭ)ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ(.
ﺍﻷ ﺘﻨﺎﻗل ﻁﺭﻕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻬﺫﻩﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﺒﺎﺭ.
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ:
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ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻴـﺼﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ
ﺍﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
1ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ـﻏﻭﺭﻓﻲ ﺒﻭﺴﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ)1974(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ"ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ"
ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﻗـﺩ ، ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ،ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ
ﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥﺘـﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻘﻠﺹ ﺘﺼﻐﺭ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔﻓـﻲ
ﹰﻻﺘﺩﺍﻭ ﻭﺃﺴﻬل ﹰﺍﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔﻭﺃﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺎﻥ ﻭﺒﻨـﻰ ،ﺒـﻪ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻗل
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝﻋـﺩﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺸﻔﻬﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺎﻫﺎ
ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥﺸﺨﺹ ﺇﻟﻰﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻴﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻜل ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ
ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ70%ﻤﻥﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﻤﺱ ﺍﻟـﺸﺨﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ
ﺘﻠﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﹰﺎﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﹰﺎﺸﻴﺌ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ.
2ـﺍﻹﺩﺭﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ)1989(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ"ﺍﻟـ ﻏﺴل ، ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺎﺕ ، ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ،ﺩﻤﺎﻍ
ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺼﻭﺭ"
ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺩﻓﺕ،ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻭﻏﺴﻴلﺍﻟﺒ ﻗـﺎﻡﺎﺤـﺙ
ﺍﻻﺤـﺘﻼل ﺴـﺠﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﹰﺎﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ
ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻙ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻟﻐﺴﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﹰﺎﻤﺜﺒﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻴﻥ
ﹰﺍﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﻗﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻏﺴﻴل
ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭلﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕﹰﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﻔﺼل ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻭﻏﺴﻴل
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ.ﺨﻁـﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻟﻠﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﹰﺍﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ
ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕﻭﺍﻹ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹰﺍﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ ﻏﺴﻴلﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ)ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻡ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﹰﺍﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ(؛ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻤﻥﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ،ﻭﻤـﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ
ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ.
3ـﺸﻠﻴﻔﺭ ﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ)2003(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ":ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ)ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل(ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ"
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ)ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل(ﻭﻁـﺭﻕ
ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔـﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌـﺎﺩ ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﻴﻜﻤﻥ ،ﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
،ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻭﺩﻱﻭﺇﻥﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺼﻔﺔﺍﻟﻭﻗـﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻲ
ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻓﻲ ،ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ
ﻋـﺩﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻭﺘﻡ ،ﻜﺎﻤل ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ
ﻭﻓﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل
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9. 9
ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ)ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ(ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺤـﺯﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ
ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﻤﺠﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻬﻡ ،ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺼﺩﻭﺍ
ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻤـﺭﺭ ﻨﻘـل ﺒـﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ
ﺭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﻡ)ﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل(ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩ"ﺃﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻥ
)ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ(ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ".
4ـﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔﻋﺒﺎﺱ)2005(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ:"ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل
ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ"
ﺇﻟ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺩﻓﺕﻰ،ﺍﻟـﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ
ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺒل ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯ.
ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ
ﻴﺘﺠﺯ ﻻ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﹰﺎﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴ ﻭﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﹰﺎﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﺭﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻭﻕ.
5.ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ)2005(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ:"ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ:ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻡ ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ
ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ"
ﻋﺒ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺩﻓﺕﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺭ،
ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻥﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ،ﻭﻭﺠـﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ
ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ)ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ(ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﻁﺭﻭ ،ﻤﻥ ﹰﺎﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻋ ﹰﻻﺸﻤﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺠﺒﻬﺘﻬﺎ
ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻫﻲ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﻬﺎﺠﻡ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏﹰﺎﺩﻭﺍﻤـ
ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻷﻨﻬﺎﹰﺎﻤﻌ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ.
ﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ ﻭﻨـﺸﺭ ، ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ
ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ
ﻟﻸﻋﺩﺍﺀ.
6ﺨﻠﻑ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ـ)2009(ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ"ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ"ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﺩﻓﺕﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔﺍ ﺇﻟﻰﻟﻜـﺸﻑ
ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺸﻜل ﻋﻥﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ،ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ
ﺤﻴ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲﺙﻋﺎﻤـل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ
ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ.
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10. 10
ﻓﺎﺭﺘﻜﺯﺕﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩﺃﻥ ﻤﺅﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ:ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔﻤـﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ،ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺎﺒﺴﻠ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ
،ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺠﻤﻠﺔﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ:
1ـﺇﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻥﻭﺘﺨﻠﻕ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ.
2ـﺇﻭﺘﺠﻴﺵ ،ﺎﻤﻗﺎﺘ ﺍﻭﺠ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻥﺍﻷﻭﻀـﺎﻉ ﻭﺘـﻭﺘﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﻁﺭ
ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ لﻭﺘﺤ ﻋﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﺞ ،ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻜل ﻜﻭﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ
ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ ،ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﻹﻀﻌﺎﻑﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ.
ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻓﺭﺯﺕ ﻭﻗﺩ:
1ـﺇﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻥﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﻌﺭ ﻟﻡﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻨﺸﻁ ﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ.
2ـﺇﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﻨﻬﺎﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﺨﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺘﺄﺠﻴﺞﺓ
ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺴﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻠﺔﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ.
3ـﺇﺘﺠﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﻜﺒﻴ ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻟﻌﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻥﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﺱﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ.
4ـﺃﻀﻔﺕﺍﻟﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴ ﻋﺭﻗل ﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻭﺘﺴﻭﻴﻐﻪ ﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﻜﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺘﺎلﺠﺴﺩ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺔ
ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲﺃﺠﺯﺍﺅ ﺘﻌﻤل ،ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑﻭﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻩ.
5ـﻤﺼﺭﺍﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻓﺘﺤﺕﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ.
ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺼﺕ ﻭﻗﺩﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴـﻘﺔ
ﻟﻼﺭﺘﻘﺎﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬ ﻓﻲ ﺀﻭﺘﺼﻭ ،ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ،ﺎﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻨﺤﻭ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻴﺏﻫـﺫﻩ ﻭﻤـﻥ ،ﺎﻴﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺠ
ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ:،ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﻭل ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﺭﻯﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ
،ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻤـﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻙ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﺒﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋـﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌـﺎﺩ
ﺍﻟﻤﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕﻠﺔﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺩﻻ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻭﻴﻥ.
ﻜﻤﺎﺃﻭﺼﻰﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺫﻟﻙﺸـﺭﻑ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ
ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﹰﺎﻘﻻﺤ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻤﺎ ،ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻲﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ،ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﻔﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺏﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ:
1ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺒﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ـ
ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﻴل.
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2ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ـﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﻱ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥﺔ.
3ﻜﺸﻔﺕ ـﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺘﻔﻜﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ،ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺒﺙ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ.
4ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ـﺒﺤﻴـﺙ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻘﻠﺹ ﺘﺼﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ
ﺘﺼﺒﺢﹰﻻﺘﺩﺍﻭ ﻭﺃﺴﻬل ﹰﺍﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲﻭﺃﺒﻪ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻗل.
5ﺒﻴ ـﺎﻥﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ
6ـﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻫـﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ
ﻭﻜﺫﻟ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺨﻁﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻙ.
7ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ ـﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﻜل ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ
ﻟﻠﻘـﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺒﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ
ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ.
ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ:
ﻴ ﻉﺼﺭﺍ ،ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﺠﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ،ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻕ ﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ
ﺒﺄﺴﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻴﺅﺜﺭ
ﹼﺘﺍﻟﻔﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺎﻜﺔ:ﺠﺴﺩﻩ،ﻀـﻔﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻟﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺘﺭﺓ ﺴﺎﻓﺭﺓ ﹰﺎﺤﺭﺒ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ،ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺅﻩ
ﻀﺭﺍ ﺩﺃﺸ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﺭﺍﺕﻴﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﺘﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ،ﺎﺕﻤﻠﻭﺍﻟﻤ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙﹰﺎﻓﺘﻜ ﻭﺃﻗﻭﻯ ﻭﺓﻷﻨﻬـﺎ ،
ﻭﻨﻤﺎﺅﻩ ﻪﻤﻭﻗﻴ ،ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺅﻩ ﹸﻪﻘﻤﻋ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ،ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ
ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻘﻁﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ.
ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻅل ﻓﻲﻫ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﻟﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ،ﻻﺘﺼﺎلﻓﻲ ﺎﻡ
،ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥﻭﺤﺘـﻰ ﻭﺭﻏﺒـﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﻴﻭﻟﻬﻡ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل
ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﻡﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ،"ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻜل ﺍﻨﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ
ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻲﺍﻟﻘـﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﻟﻴـﺸﻤل ﻴﻤﺘـﺩ ﺒل ،
،ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﻴﺔﻭﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔﻓﺎﺌﺩ ﻭﺒﺎﺘﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ،ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺠﺩﺍل ﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﺓ")،ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺎﺭ2004:23(.
ﹰﺍﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﹰﺎﺤﺩﺜ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻭﻟﻡﹰﺎﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒل ،ﹴﻥﺯﻤ ﻤﻨﺫﻓﻠﻘﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ
ﹰﺔﻤﻌﺭﻓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ ، ﺤﻘﺔﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴـﺔ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺃﻫـﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ
ﻭﻜﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭﺘ ﻨﺕﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺨﺼﺹ،ﺠﺎﺯﻤﺍﻟ ﻭﺫﻱ ،ﻋﻜﺎﻅ ﻜﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻜﺫﻟﻙﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﺒﻴﻥ.
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،ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ"ﺍﷲ ﺼـﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﻭل ﺃﺩﺭﻙ
ﺍﻟﺤﻘ ﺘﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻔﻁﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪﺒـﺔ،
ﻴﺴﻘ ﻭﻟﻡﻤﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﻁ،ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ؛
ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ ﻭﺇﺸﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻗل ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻟﺒﺙ ﺘﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ
ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺭﺏﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﻭﻤﻥ:
1ـﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ:ﺃﺒ ﻤﻥ ﹰﺍﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺙﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺭﺯ
ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻭﺤﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ
ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲﻌﺍﻟﻔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓﺒـﻴﻥ ﻭﻨـﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻡ ﺭﺴـﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺤﻤل ﺎﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ.
2ـﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ:ﺍﻟﻘ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ ﺘﻌﺩﹴﺭﻜﺜﻴ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﻴﻤﺔﺍﻷﻤـﻡ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕﻋـﺭﺏ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺤﻘل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ،
ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻋﺭﻑ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ
ﻟﻠﺨ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ،ﺒﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭﻫﺎﹰﺍﺒـﺎﺭﺯ ﹰﺍﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺔ
ﱢﻠﻟﻴﻌ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﺠﺒل ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺼﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲﺭﺒـﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﻭﻤﻪ ﻡ
ﺍﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻘﻭﻟﻪ ﹰﻻﻤﺘﺜﺎ:﴿ﻥﹺﻴﺒﺭﹾﻗَﺄﹾﻟﺍ ﻙﹶﺘﺭﻴﺸﻋ ﺭﺫَﻨﺃﻭ﴾)ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﺍﺀ:214(.
3ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﺍﺓ ـ:ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﺯﺍل ﻭﻻ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ؛ﺃﻫﻠﻬـﺎ ﻹﻋـﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ ﻴﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ
ﺫﻟﻙ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ،ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻗﺩﺃ ﻋـﻥ ﻟﻺﻋـﻼﻡ ﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻲﻭﻗـﺎﺕ
ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ:﴿ﹰﻻﺎﺠﹺﺭ ﻙﹸﻭﺘْﺄﻴ ﺞﺤﹾﻟﹺﺎﺒ ﹺﺱﱠﺎﻨﺍﻟ ﻲﻓ ﱢﻥﺫَﺃﻭﺞﹶـﻓ ﱢلﹸﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺘْﺄﻴ ﹴﺭﻤﺎﻀ ﱢلﹸﻜ ﹶﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﻕﻴﻤﻋ﴾)ﺍﻟﺤﺞ:27(.
4ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ـ:ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻋﺭﻑ،ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺩﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ
ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻴﻙ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﻘﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺼل ﻭﻗﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ،ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺤﻴـﺙ
ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺠل)،ﺤﻤﺎﺩ2002:122(.
ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ
ﺍﻹ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻀﻤﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ ﻨـﺸﺭ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻡ
ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ.
ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺜﻡﻤﺅ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺴﺴﺎﺘﻪ،ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻴـﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ
ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲﺩﻓـﻊ ﻤﻤـﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ
ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺃﻭ ،ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ
،ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺜﺭﻭﺍﺕ ﻟﻨﻬﺏﻭﻋﻠﻰ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻜﺔ ﻟﻸﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ
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ﺒـﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺨـﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻴﻘﻨﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ،
ﹰﺔﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ،ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲﺃﺨﺫﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺯ ﻴﺤﺘـل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل
ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ؛،ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻋـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ
ﻭﹰﺍﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺨﺫﺕﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ،،ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓـﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺘﻬـﺎ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ
ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﺕ:ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋـﺎﺕ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺘﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ)،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ1997:221(
ﺘ ﺒﺸﻴﻭﻉ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻟﻡ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻟﻜﻥﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ
ﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡﺠﻨـﻭﺩﻫﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ
ﻭﻜﺫﻟ ،ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻥ ﺤﺩ ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻠﺩﻭﻥ ،ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺸﺭﺴﺎ ﻗﺘﺎﻻ ﻴﻘﺎﺘﻠﻭﻥﻴﺴﺘﺒﺴﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﻙ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﻗﺽ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻋﺯﻭﺍ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻘﻬﻘﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﻨﺴﺤﺒﻭﻥ ،ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻌﻬﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ
،ﻋﻨـﺩﻫﻡ ﺘﻘﻭﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ،ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺇﻀﻌﺎﻓﻪﺍﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺩ
ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ،ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﹶﺕﻓﹺﺭﻋ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ؛
ﻋﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ؛
ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘ ﺼﺩﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﺎﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻁﻑ ﺃﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩﺔ
ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ.
ﺍﻷﺠﻬـﺯﺓ ﻭﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻜل ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻠﻴل ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺕ
ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﻭﺇﺤﻼل ،ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ
ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻠ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﺸﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔﺔ)،ﻤﺤﻤﺩ1997:222(.
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﻗﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻥﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ؛ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ
ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘلﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭﻩﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺭﻭﺤﻪ ﺘﺤﻁﻡﺇﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﺭﺍﺩﺓ
ﺇﺍﻟﻬﺯﻴ ﻟﻰ،ﻤﺔﻭﻴﻌﺩﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭلﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰﻤﻌﺭﻜـ ﻴﻜﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺌﺩ ﺃﻭلﺔ
،ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔﻤﻜﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ..ﹰﺎﺤﺭﻴﺼ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺩﺤﻴﻨﻬـﺎﻴﺭﻴـﻕ ﻻ ﺃﻥ
ﻻ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺩﻡ ﻨﻘﻁﺔﺩﺍﻟﻤﻘ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤلﺱ.ﻻﻨﺘﻬـﺎﻙ ﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻠـﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻻ ﺤﺘﻰ
،ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺤﺭﻤﺔﹰﺎﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﻗﺩﹰﺍﻓﺭﻴﺩﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻲﻀـﺩ
ﻭ ،ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺒﻥ ﺃﻨﺱﺤﻴﺙﻗﺎل:ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺩﺨل
ﻴﻔ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒل ﹰﺍﻤﻌﺘﻤﺭ ﻤﻜﺔ ﺴﻠﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪﻭ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﻤﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﺘﺤﻬﺎﻴﻘﻭل ﻫﻭ:
ﺘﻨﺯﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻀﺭﺒﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺨﻠﻭﺍ
ﹰﺎﻀﺭﺒﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﻴﺯﻴلﻋﺨﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل ﻴﺫﻫل ﻭ ﻤﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻥ
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ﻋﻤﺭ ﻓﻘﺎل:ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﻘﻭل ﺴﻠﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺴﻭل ﻴﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺤﺭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻴﺎ
ﺴﻠﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻘﺎل ؟ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ:ﺃﺸـﺩ ﻟﻜﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﻴﺩﻩ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻓﻭ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺨل
ﺍﻟﻨﺒل ﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ")ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ3/353:3376(،ﻓﺈﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩﻤﻨـﻪ ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ ﻻﺒﻥ–
ﻋﻠﻴﻪﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡﻭﻫﻭ)ﻌﺭﺸﺍﻟ(ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ.
ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙﺭﻭﻤلﻗﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ:ﺇﻋﻘﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﻥ
ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪ،ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺭﺍل ﻭﻴﻘﻭلﺸﺎﺭلﺩﻴﻐﻭل:ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺼﺭ ﻟﻜﻲﺤﺭﺏ،ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ
ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺘﺸﻥﺇﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﺘﻅل ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﻤﻴﺎﺩﻴﻥ ﻟﻰﺘـﺴﺎﻨﻫـﺫﻩ ﺩ
ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ ﺘﺸﺭﺸل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ ﹰﺎﺃﻴﻀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ،ﺎ:ﹰﺍﻜﺜﻴﺭﻴﻏ ﻤﺎﺭﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ)ﺏ ،ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ.ﺕ:77.(
ﺨﻁﻭﺭ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻤﻥﺓﺍﻟﺤﺭ ﺴﻼﺡﻴﺤﺘل ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺏ
ﺃ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻜﺎﻥﹰﺍﺃﺜﺭ ﺃﺸﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻭﻥ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ ﺴﻠﺤﺔﻤﻥﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ
ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ،ﻭﺒﺄﻗلﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺭ.
ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻭﺘﺩﺨلﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺭﻭﺀﺓ ﺃﻭ
ﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﻜﻤﺎ ،ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔﹰﻻﺃﺸﻜﺎﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏﺓﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل
ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ،ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑﻡﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻴﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ،ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻭﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ:ﻨ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻸﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﺸﺭ،
ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ؛ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻭﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ
ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ.ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔﹰﻻﺃﺸﻜﺎﹰﺎﻁﺒﻘ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔﹰﺎﻭﻁﺒﻘ ﻟﻸﻫﺩﺍﻑﻟﻨـﻭﻉ
ﺠﺍﻟﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻬﺔ،ﺍﻻﻗﺘ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻓﺎﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻨﺎﻉﻭﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉﺒﻬﺯﻴﻤﺘـﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ.
ﻭﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﺒﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌﻪ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴﻜﻪﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ،ﻭﺯﺭﻉﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻨﻔﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻙ ﺒﺫﻭﺭ
ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻬﻡ.ﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺌﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ
ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻓﻬﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡﻭﺤﻠﻔﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕﺌﻪ،ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ،ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ،ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ،ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺘﻘﺼﺩ
ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﻑ ﻭﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﻔﺘﻴﺕ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ)،ﺒﺩﺭ1982:38(.
ﺏ-ﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎلﺒﺍﻟﻤﺅﺍﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻙ:ﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻋﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓﻤﻌﻴ ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﻭﻨﺘ ﻗﺩ ﺔﻜﻭﻥ
ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ؛ﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻥﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻭﺘـﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺃﺯﻤﺔ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺠل
ﺍﻷﺴ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔﻠﻭﺏ.ﻷ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺜﺎلﻭﻨـﺸﺎﻁ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﺩﺍﺌﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻟﺸﻥ ﻜﻤﺒﺭﺭ ﻴﻴﻥ1967ﻡ.
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