1. ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬(‫ﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬١٤٥-‫ﺹ‬١٧٤‫ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬٢٠١٠
ISSN 1726-6807, http://www.iugaza.edu.ps/ara/research/
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬–‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬-‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺨﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬ ،‫ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ل‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬.
‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺯ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬..‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬.
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺼﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
Psychological and social dimensions in the promotion of
rumors through the media and remedy from an Islamic
perspective
Abstract: study aims to uncover the psychological and social dimensions in
the promotion of rumors through the media and remedy from an Islamic
perspective, where the media of the main sources of information, which builds
upon the individual positions and groups based on trends of current events,
whether acceptance or rejection , And the media significant role in shaping the
public's recipient of the issues on the domestic and international arena, facing
the world in general and Palestinians in particular war is one of the harshest

2. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٤٦
and most wars waged by the enemies against their opponents, is to spread
rumors aimed at undermining the viability and dispersal of their ranks,
broadcasting Sedition and division among them, and through the media of
different kinds, poisonous, where the media is a major factor in the
transformation process through its information may be true or false or
distorted; a result of exposure continued and sustained by the future of the
media.
Islam Has been marked its presentation of the facts; proven that through
intuition and guesswork, and illustrated by way of fraud and chicanery .. But
builds on the realities of science leads to uncertainty, and the truth that leads
to confidence and trust, honesty commitment was crucial in the successful
Islamic Information.
Islam has developed a set of solutions that contribute to the reduction of
rumors and damage to the individual and society.
To achieve the purpose of the study researchers used the descriptive approach
analytical attempt to describe the phenomenon in question; and analysis of
data indicating the relationship between the components and the views put
around and processes involved and the effects.
‫ﻤﻘـﺩﻤـــﺔ‬:
‫ﺘـﺴﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﺒﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬(،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤـﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﻁـﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻭﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﻘﻠﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬‫ﻷﺜﺭ‬‫ﻭﺃﻗـﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻘـل‬ ‫ﻋـﺏﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻤـل‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻟﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻜـﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺼﺩﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺫﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬)‫ﺏ‬ ،‫ﻜﺤﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ‬.‫ﺕ‬:٧١.(
‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬

3. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٤٧
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺨﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻫﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬ ،‫ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺭﺘﺠﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ،‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎل‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻭﻀﻭﻴ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠـﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
،‫ﻤﺤـﺩﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻁﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬.
‫ﺃﻁﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺸـﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻨﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬-‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬-‫ﺒﻬـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬)،‫ﻨﻭﻓل‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬١٩٨١:١٠١.(
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬
،‫ﻭﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ‬
"‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬)١٩١٨‫ﻡ‬(‫ﻗﺴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬)‫ﻨﻭﺭﺜﻜﻠﻴﻑ‬(‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬)‫ﻭﻟﺴﻭﻥ‬(‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬)‫ﺴـﺭﻴل‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺭﺝ‬(
‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻠـﻎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻭﻥ‬) (٥,٣٦٠,٠٠٠(‫ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬-‫ﺘـﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬١٩١٨‫ﻡ‬)،‫ﻨﻭﻓل‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬١٩٨١:١٠٣.(
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﺔ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)‫ﺘـﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻓـ‬(
‫ﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺯﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻤﺜ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻭﺒﻪ‬)١٩٨٢(‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﺤـﺎﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﻓﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨـﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺂﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨـﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﱡﻑ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻭﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬...‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬

4. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٤٨
،‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺠﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺠﺄ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺏ‬‫ﺨﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‬)‫ﺇﻴﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬(‫ﺘﻘـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻬـﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠـﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘـﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺌﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤل‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ،‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻷﻟﻔـﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬)،‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬١٩٧٩:٣٣٣.(
‫ﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒل‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬١٩٩٤:٦٠.(
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬)،‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬٢٠٠٥(‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬)،‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬٢٠٠٥(‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺯ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺄ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬..‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺫ‬:‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬ِ‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬﴿‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬‫ﻜ‬ِ‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
﴾ ‫ﻡ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻅ‬‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ِﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬)‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬:١٥(‫ﹼﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬" :‫ﻜﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜﺫﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬‫ﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺙ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺤ‬)"،‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬١٩٥٥:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬٦.(
،‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻀﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻺﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ‬-‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬-‫ﺴـﺎﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﱠﺍﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻀﻠﻴل‬ ‫ِل‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ِﺩ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬.

5. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٤٩
،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻭﺘﻀﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬:﴾ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ِ‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟـ‬‫ﻭ‬ُ‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ِ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ِﺂ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ِ‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ِﻱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ﴿
)‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،:١٠٥(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ،:‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬﴿ۖ‫ﹸـﻭ‬‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﻘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫َﻴ‬‫ﺃ‬ٓ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ِـﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶﻘ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸـﻭ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ِـ‬‫ﺨ‬ُ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬۟﴾
)‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬:٦١.(
‫ﺴـﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻔﺴﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠل‬ ‫ﻋﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬:
﴿‫ﹸ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ِﻕ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ٍ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺠ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻥ‬َ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﺩ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭﺍﺕ‬:٦.(
‫ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼـﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻬﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻰ‬‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬.‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻀﺤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁﻊ‬:﴿‫ﹸ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ِ‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫َﻨ‬‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬:١٢.(
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺤﻭﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺎﺼﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺒﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻀﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻤﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺭﺃﻩ‬.
‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﹼﻬﺎ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺒﺜﻘﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬:
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﺜﻕ‬:
١-‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
٣-‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ؟‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬

6. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٥٠
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬:
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬:
١-‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬.
٣-‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬‫ﻲ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺼـﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺤـﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁـﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬:
-‫ﻫﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻤﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺴﻡ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺭﻉ‬
)،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ‬١٩٩٤:١٤.(
-‫ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺤﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬،‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻬﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬)،‫ﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺝ‬٢٠٠٣:٢٢.(
-‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬" :‫ﻤﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬‫ﺼـﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻘل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬"
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬:
‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬.
‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.

7. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٥١
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺘﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬.(
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬.
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﻼﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬:
١.‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺔ‬)٢٠٠٥(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬:"‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬"
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬‫ﻭﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ‬‫ﻭﺃﺒـﺭﺯ‬ ،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻤـﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺠﺯﺃ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬.
٢.‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﷲ‬)٢٠٠٥(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬" :‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺏ‬:‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺎﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬"
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﻭﺠـﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬(‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺘـﺴﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺸـﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺒﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﺍﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺎﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷ‬‫ﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬.

8. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٥٢
٣-‫ﺸﻠﻴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)٢٠٠٣(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬":‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬"
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﻭﻁـﺭﻕ‬
،‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬـﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻤﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗـﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬)‫ﺍﻹﺴـﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬(
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬـﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺼﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﺍﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬)‫ﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬"‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘـﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
)‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬(‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ‬."
٤-‫ﺍﻹﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺭﻴﺴﻲ‬)١٩٨٩(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬"،‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻏـﺴل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬"
‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻴل‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻹﺴـﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺜﺒﺘـ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺴﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬.‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬‫ﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬)‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬(‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴـل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬ ‫؛‬
‫ﺨـﻼل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺘﻌﻘ‬‫ﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:
١‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻜﺯﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻴل‬.
٢‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬.

9. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٥٣
٣‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻜﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺸﻔﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.
٤‫ﺃﻫـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴـﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻼﻡ‬.
٥‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬:
‫ﻭﻴـﺅﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﺼﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬
‫ﹼﺎﻜـﺔ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤـﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻀـﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺅﻩ‬ ،‫ﺠﺴﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺘـﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺘﻜـ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺍﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺃﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﻨﻤﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻗﻴ‬ ،‫ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻬﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻴﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬"‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴـﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒـل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺘﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬)"،‫ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬٢٠٠٤:٢٣(
‫ﻓﻠﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ٍ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺯﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ، ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺩﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻓﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺴـﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜـﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓـﻭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬.
،‫ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬"‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻁﺭﺘﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺸﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻗل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺙ‬
‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻩ‬:

10. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٥٤
١‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ـ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬‫ﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬.
٢‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ـ‬:‫ﺍﻷﻤـﻡ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ٍ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴـ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻋـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻘـل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺜﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﺎﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻁﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﻤﺘﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﱢﻡ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬:
﴿‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ِ‫ﺫ‬‫َﻨ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﺍﺀ‬:٢١٤(.
٣‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﺍﺓ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ل‬:
﴿ٍ‫ﻕ‬‫ِﻴـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺞ‬‫ﹶـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ل‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ِﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ِﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬‫ﻴ‬ ٍ‫ﺭ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ل‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬ِ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺞ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ِﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ ِ‫ﺱ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱢﻥ‬‫ﺫ‬َ‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬﴾)،‫ﺍﻟﺤـﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬:٢٧.(
٤‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ـ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠـﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬)،‫ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻼﺡ‬٢٠٠٢:١٢٢.(
‫ﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ،‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻘﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒـﺎﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـ‬ ،‫ﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴـﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﻁـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

11. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٥٥
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺘﻌـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬.
‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻴﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺠﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬‫ﻗﺘﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺘﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺒﺴﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻠﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﻬﻘﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺴﺤﺒﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻌﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻀﻌﺎ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻬﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬،‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺤـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀـﻌﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨـﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺘﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻁﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻟﻠﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﻼل‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺴـﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ‬)،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺴﻥ‬١٩٩٧:٢٢٢.(
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺘـﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘل‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻁﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺯﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ‬-‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬-‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬
،‫ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬..‫ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﻴﺼ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺃ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬.‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺒﻊ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺱ‬:‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜـﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬:
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺒﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻭﺍ‬‫ﺘﻨﺯﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻫل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﺭﺒ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬:‫ﻴﺎ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬-‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬-‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬
‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬:‫ﻨﻔﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺨل‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻲ‬

12. ‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬‫ﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬
١٥٦
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬) "،‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬١٩٥٥:‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬٣٣٧٦(‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬ ،‫ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬-
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬-‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬)‫ِﻌﺭ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬(‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺫ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻋﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻴﻐﻭل‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺭﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬ ،‫ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻅل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬـﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﺸل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬:‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﺭﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬)‫ﺏ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬.‫ﺕ‬:٧٧.(
‫ﻴﺤﺘـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻤﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺄﻗل‬ ،‫ﻋﺔ‬.
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺭﻭﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴـﺴ‬ ‫ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬:،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘـﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻜـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬.‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻨـﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻁﺒﻘـ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻫـﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺯﻴﻤﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻗﻨـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺔ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬.
‫ﺸـﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺭﻉ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬‫ﺼـﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺤﻠﻔﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺼﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺍﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل‬:‫ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ؛‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻭﻨـ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺩﺍﺌﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺒﺭﺭ‬١٩٦٧‫ﻡ‬.

13. ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
١٥٧
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺨـﻭﻑ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻁﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻴـﺴﻬل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺨﻀﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬.‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬" :‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭﻩ‬. "‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺠـﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺼﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﻟﻴﺨﻠـﺼﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﺌﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺩﻓﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬.
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬"‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬"‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬‫ﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬.‫ﻭﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻠـﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬.‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ‬.‫ﻭﻗـﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﻨـﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻴـﺴﻤﻌﻭﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺎﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬‫ﻴﻌﻴﺸﻭﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬.‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻜﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨـﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺔ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻁﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﻬـﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺫﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟـﺯﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻠﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻔﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻨﻬﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﻔـﺎﺅل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺫﺝ‬.‫ﻤﻤﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﺤـﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺒـﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻨـﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬ ،‫ﺘﺤﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻴﻐﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺹ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻨﻌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘـﻭل‬ ‫ﺇﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻠﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺒﻭﻥ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻀﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺤﺸﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻭﺭﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﺭﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻘﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻤﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬)،‫ﺒﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬١٩٨٢:٣٩. (