OpenTag DASH7 stack overview

1. OPENTAG DASH7 STACK OVERVIEW
JP Norair
16 Dec 2009

2. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Introduction

3. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
ABOUT THE PROJECT
• On-and-off development for two years
‣ Some unsuccessful platforms aborted
‣ However, library has been tested for billions of vectors
• One current developer, looking for more!
‣ Platform porters
‣ FreeRTOS developers
‣ Library debuggers
• Apache License
Basic Facts • Less than 10K lines of total code
• An open source DASH7 stack ‣ Compiled code is much less
• Primarily for microcontrollers ‣ Build size is typically 8 - 16KB
• Written in C http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/opentag

4. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
ABOUT DASH7 2002:
Proto-DASH7
used by DoD
DASH7: Ultra-low Energy
Wireless Data Technology
• Based on the ISO 18000-7 standard 2004:
• Mandated by U.S. Department of Defense, First Publication
allied militaries ISO 18000-7
• Range is scalable, 10 - 2000 m (1.2 mi)
• 433 MHz
• 28 kbps 2008:
Latest Publication
• Extendable to multi-hop, sensors, security, ISO 18000-7
IPv6, and other features

5. www.dash7.org
ABOUT THE End Users
DASH7 ALLIANCE
Systems
Entrepreneurs Integrators
Software
The DASH7 Alliance directs the Academia Developers
development of the DASH7 standard.
ISO 18000-7
Semiconductor
Are you interested in joining? Companies
Licensees
www.dash7.org

6. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
ABOUT ME
• Name: JP Norair
• Current Status
‣ Lead Developer of OpenTag
‣ Applications Engineering Mgr. at Savi Technology
‣ Co-chair of DASH7 Technology Working Group
• CV items
‣ Expertise in RF Comms and Signal Processing
‣ Large knowledge of passive and active RFID
‣ Growing knowledge of open source project mgmt!

7. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
BRIEF HISTORY OF OPENTAG
2007 2008 2009
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
“DASH7”
First line of DASH7 Alliance
coined First Release on
OpenTag code Encoder chain Kickoff meeting
SourceForge
written passes 100
million tests
Major architectural Beta for ST/Arira
STMicro introduces Sensor
First Alpha upgrade in order to platform
HDK to Savi, we plan
work better with
DASH7 integration
different RF silicon
OpenTag has been in development for a while, but has been delayed by several
rearchitecting phases. As a result, OpenTag is more than a “1.0” product.

8. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
DASH7 BENEFITS FROM OPENTAG
The DASH7 Alliance has a symbiotic relationship with OpenTag.
Interoperability Platform Support Ecosystem Growth
• Happens when different • Open source distributions • Reduced time to market
developers use the same allow for maximum
codebase. proliferation of platform
• Greater awareness of
DASH7 among product
support.
• Happens when a developers
reference codebase for
conducting plugfests.

9. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
DASH7 SILICON STMicroelectronics
PARTNERS
Expect many SoC parts in 2010-2011
Does your silicon company
want to get involved with DASH7?
We will support your product!

10. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Architecture

11. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
DESIGN GOALS
• High Performance DASH7 implementation
‣ Moore’s Law has affected microcontrollers, so take advantage
‣ Minimal lag between request & response
‣ Minimum power requirements (minimum CPU duty cycle)
• Small Program Size
‣ Memory on microcontrollers is not growing as fast as DMIPS
‣ Where possible, use C-preprocessor directives instead of C
‣ Reuse code blocks wherever possible
• Portable to many architectures & MCUs
• Does not require persistent SRAM variables
‣ Improves portability and MCU options
‣ Increases robustness

12. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
SYSTEM APPLICABILITY
• Designed for 16 and 32 bit MCUs (these are more efficient)
• Requires a hardware DMA or FIFO of some sort
Examples Status Notes
≥ 32 bit Intel, PPC, most ARMs Tested OpenTag would be used as a daemon on such a platform
Ideal for embedded applications where 32bit data space or
16/32 bit ARM Cortex Mx Tested
good DMIPS are beneficial. Cortex M0 may be the “goldilocks” factor.
Suitable for all existing applications and most future applications that
16 bit MSP430 Pending
DASH7 Alliance has envisioned. Public Key and IPv6 may strain limits.
(large instruction word / 8 bit data). Caveat Emptor.
N/8 bit CoolRISC, PIC –
22bit CoolRISC may be workable. PIC, unlikely.
Unlikely to be suitable for complete OpenTag distributions, but may be
8 bit 8051, 6800 –
suitable for module type applications where data is held on master MCU.

13. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
OPENTAG BASIC ARCHITECTURE
• Highly modular User
Main
• Platform, Init, and UHF modules OTlib
are hardware-specific. The rest Init MAC
(OTlib) is completely abstracted.
Commands Queue Encode Radio
• No OpenTag code in ISRs Data CRC16 Decode Table UHF
Packetcodes
CRC Table
Memory
• Requires HW DMA or FIFO:
Pla orm
strategy is “sprint and sleep,” with
Hardware or OS
no frequent interrupts.

14. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
SYSTEM ORGANIZATION
OTlib:
Fully abstracted
modules
Platforms:
HW-specific code and
abstraction layer(s) Folder for each Config (.h) files
for each board
HW target
HW library
Versioned
platform code
OpenTag is a distribution containing the OTlib and platform code

15. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
DATASTREAM MODEL
interrupt windows
max
T T T T’
sleep
• OTlib has a modular design so that individual modules may be replaced or revised without
affecting the entire system – or run independently, even in an interrupt-free environment.
• OTlib uses interrupts only to wake the MCU from low power modes. The ISR merely clears
the interrupt-pending-bits. The body code must act on the interrupts.
• OTlib has softer real-time requirements and fewer interrupts due to datastream buffering.

16. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
VIRTUAL MEMORY
• All calls to the data layer should be by virtual address.
• Single 16 bit virtual addressing space (easily upgradeable to 24 or 32 bits)
• Part 1: VWORM (Virtual Write-Once Read-Multiple)
‣ Optimized for infrequently written data strings (can be written multiple times, but unoptimized)
‣ Used in OpenTag for string data (most UDB elements)
• Part 2: VEEPROM (Virtual EEPROM)
‣ Optimized for storage of (somewhat) frequently changing variables
‣ If held in Flash, must use wear-leveling techniques and garbage collection, so uses memory space inefficiently
‣ If held in traditional EEPROM, performance may be poor (depends on HW)
‣ Used in OpenTag for some system variables and UDB elements.

17. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Getting Started

18. www.dash7.org
DASH7 OFFICIAL DEV TOOLS
TI CC430 & Kit
msp430.com
Open Source DASH7 Library STM32 “SmartSensor” Kit:
for Microcontrollers STMicro & Arira
opentag.sourceforge.net ariradesign.com/hdk.php

19. www.dash7.org
3 STEPS TO OPENTAG DEVELOPMENT
STEP 1
Get a board. There are some STEP 2
supported boards available, but
OpenTag can also be ported Install “Git” (free source STEP 3
to many other platforms. management tool) and join
OpenTag on SourceForge to Start programming your
have access to the latest code. application using the OpenTag
DASH7 stack.

20. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
ST - ARIRA
DEV KIT
A multi-purpose, multi-system dev kit
including hardware and software (DASH7
software is OpenTag).
Component Hardware Software
Compiler: IAR
Processor ST STM32 Arira
Debugger: Segger JLink
Total Code Size: Less than 50KB DASH7 Radio Semtech SX1212 OpenTag
Cost: ~$2000 GPS ST Module ST/Arira
http://www.ariradesign.com/hdk.php Cellular ST GPRS Module ST/Arira

21. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
SEMTECH SX1212
OpenTag/DASH7 Reference Transceiver
• Highest performance DASH7 transceiver Semtech SX1212
‣ Lowest Power
‣ Highest Receiver Sensitivity Freq. Range 300 - 510 MHz
‣ Highest Transmitter Strength Sensitivity -102 dBm
• Usable as low as 2.1V, allowing dual alkaline Output Range -8.5 to 12.5 dBm
power supply. Voltage 2.1 - 3.6 V
Sleep 0.1 µA
• Usable with on-chip 64 byte FIFO or off- Start Up 2 ms @ 0.5mA avg
chip DMA (via SPI bus).
Active RX 2.5 mA typ
• Longest range due to highest performance. Active TX 16 mA typ (1 dBm)

22. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
POSSIBILITIES WITH SX1212
Large Area Tags with
Yard Mgmt very long life
Battery
In-container
Integration powered
sensors
with GPS, read nodes
satcom

23. www.dash7.org
TI CC430
DEV KIT
An evaluation kit for the CC430 SoC, with
no additional features or software.
Compiler: IAR, CCS, GCC Component Hardware Software
Debugger: TI JTAG debugger ($100)
Processor TI CC430 (MSP430F5) None
Total Code Size: Less than 16KB
Cost: $149 DASH7 Radio TI CC430 (CC1101) OpenTag
http://www.ti.com/cc430

24. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
HIGHLIGHT:
TI CC430
• The first true family of SoCs for DASH7 RF CPU
• The CC430 is a single, silicon die and can be Freq. Range 433 / 868 / 915 MHz
used in a QFN package or as a bare die. Sensitivity -96 dBm
• Very capable, and can easily support the Output Range -40 to 10 dBm 25MHz MSP430
10 DMIPS
future evolution of DASH7 Voltage 2.2 - 3.6 V 0.7 mA / DMIPS
AES128 Hardware
• Excellent engineering support from TI Sleep
Start Up
0.1 µA
0.3 ms @ 16mA avg
up to 32 KB Flash
up to 4KB SRAM
~2 µA RTC-sleep
Active RX 16 mA typ
Active TX 16 mA typ (0 dBm)

25. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
POSSIBILITIES WITH CC430
DASH7 in Very Small
Access Card Tracking Tags
Tire
sub-$10
Pressure
DASH7 on eSeal
Monitoring
SIM Card

26. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
COOL IDEA: CC430 ON SIM CARD
CC430
F5137
8mm QFN48
25mm 8mm
3mm Die Package
3mm
Flat Ferrite Loop Antenna
15mm

27. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Roadmap

28. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
2009 2010 2011-2012
Alpha Beta/1.0 1.x / 2.x
PC simulation of OTlib routines OTlib + custom platform code Updates & Upgrades
2.0
OTlib + FreeRTOS 5+
5
4
2.x for new SoCs
3
2 Module 2.x
Official Developers: 1 SX1282 Module 1.x
CC430 Beta CC430 1.0 CC430 2.0 CC430 2.x
Arira Beta Arira 1.0 Arira 2.0 Arira 1.x / 2.x
Alpha Development PC Simulator 1.0 PC Simulator 2.0 PC Simulator 2.x
Official OpenTag development will support 1.x and 2.x versions across several platforms
and eventually a serial-1/O “module” type target. Unofficial development may enable
many more platforms and features.

29. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
2009 2010 2011-2012
ISO 18000-7:2008 New DASH7 Features Remaining New DASH7 Features
Standard Spec Functionaliy Features under discussion within the
DASH7 Alliance Technology Working
Group (TWG).
3 4
5
2
Mode 2
Sensor
Official Developers: 1 ext.
5+
Public
Private IPv6
LF ext. Key
18000-7: 2008 Key
While 2010 is not focused on platform development, it is focused on feature
improvements. The DASH7 Technology Working Group (TWG) is developing
specifications for several new features. OpenTag will support these.

30. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Releases

31. www.dash7.org
NEAR-TERM
RELEASE SCHEDULE
• Beta code available today for ST/Arira
platform – interfaces are frozen, so fine for
getting started. Component Support Release Date
STM32 Dec 2009
• Beta code available for CC430 in early Jan Processor
CC430 Jan 2009
CMSIS Q2 2010
• 1.0 releases to follow shortly SX1282 Q2 2010
SX1212 Dec 2009
• Incremental 1.0.x releases will feature DASH7 Radio
CC430
SX1230
Jan 2009
Q1 2010
improved application / plug&play support SX1282 Q2 2010
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/opentag RTOS FreeRTOS Q2 2010

32. DASH7 Confidential www.dash7.org
Questions? Support?
jpnorair@savi.com