Risk and Rationality: Decision Making in the Brain

Risk and Rationality: Decision-Making in the Brain Supervisor : Prof. Giuseppe Sartori Ph.D. student : David Polezzi

Decisions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classical Economic Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],( von Neumann J, Morgenstern , 1944)

Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979) Objective outcome Subjective Value + 5€ - 5€ Risk-prone Objective outcome Subjective Value Risk-averse + 5€ - 5€

Risk-Taking in animal models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Real, 1995; McCoy & Platt, 2005)

Feedback Related Negativity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

P300 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

N500 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Predictability and Risk-Taking

[object Object],[object Object],Task Until subject responds 1000 ms 1500 ms +30 Certain: 10€ (100%) Risky: -10€ (50%); 30€(50%)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Context and Risk-Taking

[object Object],[object Object],Task

FRN ,[object Object],[object Object]

P300 ,[object Object],P300 amplitudes reflect high motivation: It is higher for target stimuli (i.e. gains), (Dunchan-Johnson & Donchin, 1977). It is higher for larger compared to smaller outcomes, (Yeung and Sanfey, 2004) and for emotionally significant stimuli (Johnston et al., 1986; Keil et al., 2002).

Source Analyses Zero > Positive Losses > Gains ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in Social Context

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in social contexts

[object Object],[object Object],Decisions in social contexts

[object Object],[object Object],Task YOU ARE 3€ OFFERED 800 ms 800 ms 800 ms Until the subject responds Possible Offers: 1€, 3€, 5€

Results ,[object Object],[object Object]

Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Discussion

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Offers as Communication

[object Object],Task + This is Boris Boris gets 7€ You get 3€ Accept or Reject? Boris gets 0€ You get 0€ 6 sec 12 sec 6 sec 6 sec Possible Offers: 1€, 3€, 5€, 7€

Results Human Partner- UnFair > Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.89 0.000 34 -30 16 Insula Human Partner- Fair>UnFair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.02 0.000 -16 32 26 Anterior Cingulate Cortex 4.79 0.000 38 36 20 Middle Frontal Gyrus 4.48 0.000 -40 -36 -18 ParaHippocampal Gyrus 4.06 0.000 62 -18 -10 Middle Temporal Gyrus 3.69 0.000 -10 -24 52 Medial Frontal Gyrus

Results Human Partner- HyperFair >Fair T p x,y,z {mm} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.23 0.000 -20 14 8 Putamen 3.99 0.000 -52 12 -4 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.89 0.000 -52 -62 28 Superior Temporal Gyrus 3.54 0.000 20 38 32 Medial Frontal Gyrus No voxels survived level of significance in Computer Partner- HyperFair >Fair.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Discussion

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],General Conclusions

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Publications

Risk and Rationality: Decision Making in the Brain

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