.The termiticidal potential of c. odorata.

1. Researchers:
Research Adviser:
TESSIE Q. PERALTA, Ph. D.
Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
South La Union Campus
College of Education
LABORATORY HIGH SCHOOL
Agoo, La Union
2009 CHEMREZ Green Chemistry Award [SIBOL Category]

2. THE PROBLEM &
ITS BACKGROUND
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4. Chromolaena odorata (HAGONOY)
> a weed belonging to the Asteraceae family
> occurs in agricultural areas, natural
forests, planted forests, range /grasslands,
riparian zones, ruderal /disturbed, scrub/
shrublands
> considered invasive weed of field crops in
its introduced range, and has been reported
to be the most problematic invasive species
> reduces the carrying capacity of the field
to grow more beneficial weeds (allelophatic)
> causes diarrhea when ingested or even
fetal deaths among cows
> contains carcinogenic pyrrolizidine
alkaloids (hepatotoxic-potentially damaging
to the liver).
The bright green regions indicate where
Chromolaena has invaded forest gaps and
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replaced the forest.

5. TERMITES
> group of social insects usually classified
at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera
> prefer to feed on dead plant material,
wood, leaf litter, or soil
> live in colonies; prime example of
decentralized, organized systems using swarm
intelligence and use this cooperation to exploit
food sources and environments that could not
be available to any single insect acting alone
> typical termite colony contains nymphs
(semi-mature young), workers, soldiers, and
reproductive individuals of both sexes,
sometimes containing several egg-laying
queens [insect castes]

6. 4 Major Termite Species in the Philippines
Nasutitermes luzonicus
(Luzon Point Headed termite)
Coptotermes vastator
(Philippine Milk termite)
Microcerotermes losbanosensis
(Los Banos termite)
Macrotermes gilvus
(Mound Building termite)
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7. Additional Expenses
to Repair Damaged
Structural Damage Properties
TERMITES
Destructive Use of Expensive
Chemical Termiticide
Lack of Knowledge of
Plant Alternative as
Termiticide
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9. Risk to Public Health
and Environment Expensive
Pesticide Toxicity to Natural Enemies
Resistance and Other Non-target
Organisms
DEPENDENCE
ON
INSECTICIDES
Highly Easy to Use
Effective
Readily Lack of Knowledge on
its Impacts to Health
Available
and Environment
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10. Objectives of the Study
1. To test termiticidal potential of C. odorata
in terms of the length of time the termites
are killed after the application of the five
treatments.
2. To determine the significant differences in
the length of time the termites are killed
when exposed to the five treatments.
3. To analyze the significant differences in
the length of time the termites are killed
between pairs of treatments.
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11. Null Hypotheses
The following statements were tested experimentally
at .05 level of significance:
1. There are no significant differences in the
length of time the termites are killed after
the application of the five treatments.
2. There are no significant differences in the
length of time the termites are killed
between pairs of treatments.
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12. Conceptual Paradigm
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE
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13. Significance of the Study
Results of the study may be significant to the following:
a. People and Industry
b. Other Researchers
c. The Researchers
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14. RESEARCH METHODS

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16. a. plant material
b. Test organisms
c. Laboratory apparatuses and
d. chemicals, etc equipments 18

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18. Rotary Evaporator
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http://chem-ilp.net/labTechniques/RotaryEvaporatorApparatus.htm

19. Rotavation
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20. Rotary Evaporation
C. odorata MeOH
leaf extract
Methanol
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21. Hagonoy Methanol Leaf Extract Solutions
(sample computation)
30% MeOH Leaf Extract Solution 60% MeOH Leaf Extract Solution
(100 mL) (100 mL)
100 mL 30% MeOH Leaf 100 mL 60% MeOH Leaf
Extract Solution Extract Solution
+ = + =
30 mL pure hagonoy 70 mL H20 60 mL pure hagonoy 40 mL H20
MeOH leaf extract MeOH leaf extract
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23. The test organisms as affected by the various treatments
T1 - positive control T2 – leaf decoction T3 – expressed leaf juice
T4 – 30% hagonoy methanol T5 – 60% hagonoy methanol
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leaf extract solution leaf extract solution

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26. DATA GATHERED:
Length of time in minutes for the termites to die due to various treatments

27. One-Way ANOVA Summary Table
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean F-ratio
Variation Freedom Squares Square
Between 4 1.39 0.35 38.98*
Treatments
Within 10 0.09 0.009
Treatments
TOTAL 14 1.48
Legend: *significant at ∞ =.05 CV = 5.83 %
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Click here to see sample computation

28. Pairwise Comparison of the Mean Time using Scheffé's Test
Between F’ F(.05)(k-1) ∞ = .05
Treatments
T1 vs. T2 1 896.3 13.44 significant
T1 vs. T3 9 074.1 13.44 significant
T1 vs. T4 7.41 13.44 not significant
T1 vs. T5 474 13.44 significant
T2 vs. T3 2 674 13.44 significant
T2 vs. T4 1 666.7 13.44 significant
T2 vs. T5 4 266.7 13.44 significant
T3 vs. T4 8 563 13.44 significant
T3 vs. T5 13 696.3 13.44 significant
T4 vs. T5 600 13.44 significant
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29. Null Hypotheses
1. There are no significant differences in
the length of time the termites are killed
after the application of the five
treatments.
2. There are no significant differences in the
length of time the termites are killed
between pairs of treatments.
Decision: Reject Ho
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30. Conclusions:
• 60% C. odorata leaf extract solution is
effective in killing the sample termites with
the shortest length of time
• The positive control and 30% C. odorata
leaf extract solution are not significantly
different from each other
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31. Conclusions:
• There are significant differences between the
pairwise comparisons of:
• T1 vs. T2 • T2 vs. T5
• T1 vs. T3 • T3 vs. T4
• T1 vs. T5 • T3 vs. T5
• T2 vs. T3 • T4 vs. T5
• T2 vs. T4
• T1 vs. T4 = not significant between .05 level
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32. Recommendations:
• C. odorata be the best alternative
termiticide for it is health and environment
friendly.
• Leaf decoction and expressed leaf juice
are better to use for practical reasons. It
is more economical to use and easy to
obtain.
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33. Recommendations:
• Further studies should be conducted
> utilize the same preparations of C.odorata to
investigate its effects on other type of pest (ants,
bedbugs, cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, mice, rats,
etc.) as well as on plants (weeds, herbs, etc.)
> oil extraction and fractionation of the various
chemical constituents of C. odorata to analyze
which of these substances have the potential to
cause such termiticidal effect
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34. Recommendations:
• Other researchers may employ the similar
arrangement and set-up of treatments of
the study using variety of plants in
analyzing and determining their potential
not only as termiticide but also another
type of pesticide
• Develop a patented termiticidal product
out of C. odorata which is efficient, cheap,
economical, organic, and environmental
and health friendly
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