2. CONTENTS
RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
CASE STUDY
SITE CONSIDERATION
ORIENTATION
ENTRANCES
APPROACHES
BIO CLIMATIC DESIGN
DAYLIGHTING
VENTILATION
WALL PLANES
OPENINGS – DOORS AND WINDOWS
UNIVERSAL DESIGN
ANTHROPOMETRICS
ERGONOMICS
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUTS
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
DESIGN PROCESS
3. RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
RESIDENTIAL DESIGN SHOULD BE SOMETHING WHICH
FACILITATES OUR LIVING AND MAKES OUR LIFE EASIER.
“LOUIS KAHN” (WHO DESIGNED THE IIM AHMEDABAD)
SAID THAT EVERY SPACE HAS ITS OWN PERSONALITY WITH
SEVERAL SPATIAL CHARACTERS THAT DIFFER BY
PROJECTS.
7. CASE STUDY
A DESIGN WHICH REFERS TO THE DESIGN OF CLIENT’S
HOME . THE OBJECTIVE IS TO CREATE A DESIGN THAT FITS
THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CLIENT’S HOME. SO THAT HIS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY CAN INCREASE.
8. SITE CONSIDERATION
1. Before Devising Any Plan On The Plot It Is Necessary To Study The
Details About The Site.
2. Location Of The Site, Topography Of Land, Neighboring Areas And Also
To Know The Impact Of Sunlight On A Particular Plot.
9. SITE CONSIDERATION
TO START WITH MY PROJECT THERE ARE FEW CONSIDERATION TO BE
FIRST DALT WITH AND THEN PROJECT OF DESIGNING CAN BEGIN. THEY
ARE ILLUSTRATED IN FURTHER PAGES.
• MAP OF INDIA
• MAP OF RAJASTHAN
• MAP OF AJMER
10. MAP OF INDIA
Location Of India
The Location Of India In The World Is
‘North-East’ Direction.
Longitude : 68° E To 98° E
Latitude : 8° N To 37° N
Climate Of India
The Climate Of India Has Tropical
Monsoon Climate.
11. MAP OF RAJASTHAN
Location Of Rajasthan
The Location Of Rajasthan In The
India Is ‘North-West’ Direction.
Longitude : 69.5° E To 78° E
Latitude : 23° N To 30° N
Climate Of Rajasthan
The Climate Of Rajasthan Has
Tropical Desert Climate.
12. MAP OF AJMER
Location Of Ajmer
The Location Of Ajmer In The World
Is ‘North-East’ Direction.
Longitude : 69.5° E To 78° E
Latitude : 26°-27° N To 74° E
Climate Of Ajmer
The Climate Of Ajmer Has Hot
Semi-Arid Climate.
14. MACRO - CLIMATE
Macro Climate Refers To The Climate Of An Geographical Area As A
Whole. Geographical Area Includes Climate Of An Ocean, River,
Mountain, State & Territory Etc.
Ajmer Has A Tropical Desert Climate Which Is Hot And Arid And The
Region Lies Near To The Tropic Of Cancer Line.
18. • CONSTRUCT CAVITY WALLS TO CONTROL THE EXTERIOR
TEMPERATURE.
• PLANT MORE DECIDUOUS TREES TOWARDS THE SOUTH SIDE
• USE LOW-E-EMISSIVITY GLASS TOWARDS THE SOUTH AS IT CONTROLS
THE DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND HEAT IN THE ROOM.
TECHNIQUES OF MICRO CLIMATE
19. ORIENTATION
ORIENTATION REFERS TO THE STUDY OF DIRECTIONS. IT PROVIDES AN
INTERIOR DESIGNER TO STUDY THE DIRECTIONS AND USE IT IN HIS PLAN
SO AS HE CAN INCREASE THE WORKING EFFICIENCY AND MAKE A LIFE
COMFORT.
21. ORIENTATION
• ALWAYS USE THE COMPASS BEFORE STARTING ANY PLANNING
PROCESS.
• FROM THESE GET THE PROPER DIRECTIONS NORTH, SOUTH, EAST,
WEST.
• THE ORIENTATION OF RESIDENCE SHOULD BE NORTH-SOUTH AS IT
ALLOWS MORE SUNLIGHT IN THE HOUSE. EAST-WEST ORIENTATION IS
NOT THAT EFFECTIVE WHILE DEVISING ANY PLAN.
25. ENTRANCE REFERS TO THE MAIN GATE WHERE A PERSON CAN ENTER
INTO HIS PLOT OR HOUSE. ENTRANCE ALSO HELPS A PERSON TO KNOW
THE PROPER ENTRY AND EXIT IN THE PLOT.
ENTRANCE
29. APPROACH REFERS TO THE WAY WHICH DESCRIBES THE
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN THE MAIN ENTRANCE (I.E. ENTRY FROM
THE BOUNDARY WALL) AND THE ENTRY IN THE HOUSE. THERE ARE
VARIOUS TYPES OF APPROACH.
APPROCHES
35. BIO-CLIMATIC DESIGN
BIO-CLIMATIC DESIGN IS AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE COMFORTABLE
CONDITIONS IN A BUILDING. IT WAS ENLARGED TO INCLUDE LANDSCAPE,
WATER AND WASTE NUTRIENTS RECOVERY.
37. BIO-CLIMATIC STRATEGIES
• PLACE MORE WINDOWS TO THE SOUTH-WEST DIRECTION.
• CONSTRUCT A RAINWATER HARVESTING TANK ON THE PLOT AND
COLLECT THE RAINWATER OF THE WHOLE SITE THROUGH DRAINAGE
SYSTEM.
• CONSTRUCT CAVITY WALLS IN PLACE OF EXTERIOR WALLS OF THE
BUILDING ENVELOPE.
38. PROMOTE THE CONSTRUCTION OF CAVITY WALLS. THE DIMENSION OF IT
ARE 6” THICK EXTERNAL WALL AND THEN A GAP OF 5 TO 8 CM IS GIVEN,
THAN ANOTHER WALL OF 4” THICKNESS IS MADE. THESE WILL PROLONG
THE HEATING PROCESS.
CAVITY WALL
40. DAYLIGHTING
THE VARIETY AND RANGE OF LIGHT AND COLOR THAT WE EXPERIENCE
IN FOREST GROVES ENGAGES ALL OF OUR SENSES. DAYLIGHT DESIGN
COULD ASPIRE TO THE SAME INSPIRATIONAL EFFECT. DAY LIGHTING CAN
BE EMPLOYED TO CONSERVE ENERGY AND CAN ENHANCE VISIBILITY.
47. PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF
DAYLIGHTING
FULL-SPECTRUM LIGHTING: IT HELPS TO PREVENT FROM RICKETS, HELPS
KEEP SKIN IN A HEALTHY CONDITION, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCTION
OF VITAMIN D IN THE BODY (THUS REDUCING THE INCIDENCES OF
BROKEN BONES IN THE ELDERLY), AND IT DESTROYS GERMS.
48. VENTILATION
VENTILATION MAY BE DEFINED AS SUPPLY OF FRESH AIR OF OUTSIDE INTO
AN ENCLOSED SPACE OR THE REMOVAL OF INSIDE AIR FROM ENCLOSED
SPACE.
55. WALL PLANES
WALL PLANES DEFINES ABOUT THE SPACE ORGANIZATION WHERE SPACE
ORGANIZATION INCLUDES. FURTHER PLANES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 3-
PARALLEL AND VERTICAL PLANES
L- SHAPED PLANES:
U- SHAPED PLANES
58. OPENINGS
OPENINGS ARE AN MEDIUM WHICH ARE USED TO INTERCONNECT THE
OUTSIDE VIEW WITH THE INSIDE SPACE. OPENINGS ALSO PROVIDE
NATURAL AIR, DAY LIGHTING AND ALSO A BEAUTIFUL VIEW.
61. DOORS
DOOR IS AN OPENING WALL IN WHICH ONE CAN ENTER IN AND EXIT
FROM. A DOOR IS A MOVEABLE STRUCTURE USED FOR OPENING AND
CLOSING AN ENTRANCE OR FOR GIVING ACCESS TO ANY THING. IT
BASICALLY CONSIST OF TWO PARTS:
A FRAME
SHUTTER (LEAF)
63. WINDOW
WINDOW MAY BE DEFINED AS AN OPENING LEFT IN A WALL FOR THE
PURPOSE OF PROVIDING DAY LIGHT, VISION AND VENTILATION. EXAMPLE:-
VERTICAL WINDOW, OFF CENTER WINDOW, HORIZONTAL WINDOW,
CORNER WINDOW.
66. UNIVERSAL DESIGN
DESIGN & LONG TERM QUALITY IS IMPROVED BY DESIGNING FOR EASIER
ACCESS, REDUCED ACCIDENTS, EASIER WAY FINDING AND TRANSIT OF
PEOPLE AND GOODS AND DESIGN FOR DETAILS FOR ALL AGE, SIZE AND
CAPACITIES AND INCREASE THE WORKING EFFICIENCY OF PEOPLE AND
ENVIRONMENT THEY LIVE IN.
68. ANTHROPOMETRICS
INTERIOR DESIGN IS ALL ABOUT SPACE AND PEOPLE. TO MAKE A
BUILDING ARCHITECTURALLY SUCCESSFUL, THE LINK BETWEEN THE SPACE
AND INHABITANT OF THAT SPACE IS VERY IMPORTANT
76. ARCHITECTURE LAYOUTS
1. DETAIL LAYOUT OF GROUND FLOOR
2. FURNITURE LAYOUT OF GROUND FLOOR
3. DOOR AND WINDOW LAYOUT OF GROUND FLOOR
4. FLOORING LAYOUT OF GROUND FLOOR
5. DETAIL LAYOUT OF FIRST FLOOR
1. FURNITURE LAYOUT OF FIRST FLOOR
2. DOOR AND WINDOW LAYOUT OF FIRST FLOOR
3. FLOORING LAYOUT OF FIRST FLOOR
91. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
THE ELEMENTS ARE COMPONENTS OR PARTS WHICH CAN BE ISOLATED AND
DEFINED IN ANY VISUAL DESIGN OR WORK OF ART. THEY ARE THE STRUCTURE
OF THE WORK ,AND CAN CARRY A WIDE VARIETY OF MESSAGES.
• POINT
• LINE
• SHAPE ,FORM AND SPACE
• MOVEMENT
• COLOR
• PATTERN
• TEXTURE
92. A LINE IS A MARK MADE BY A MOVING POINT AND HAVING
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ACCORDING TO ITS DIRECTION, WEIGHT AND THE
VARIATION IN ITS DIRECTION AND WEIGHT.
LINE
93. FORMS AND SHAPE ARE AREAS OR MASSES WHICH DEFINE
OBJECTS IN SPACE. FORMS AND SHAPE IMPLY SPACE; INDEED
THEY CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT SPACE.
FORMS AND SHAPE
95. COLOR IS ONE OF THE MOST POWER
FULL ELEMENT. IT HAS TREMENDOUS
EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES.
UNDERSTANDING THE USE OF COLOR
IS CRUCIAL TO EFFECTIVE
COMPOSITION IN DESIGN AND THE
FINE ART.
COLOUR
96. MOVEMENT IS THE DESIGN ELEMENT
THAT OPERATES IN FOURTH
DIMENSION- TIME. MOVEMENT IS
THE PROCESS OF RELOCATION OF
OBJECT IN SPACE OVER TIME.
MOVEMENT
97. PATTERN IS AN UNDERLYING
STRUCTURE THAT ORGANIZES
SURFACE OR STRUCTURE IN A
CONSISTENT, REGULAR MANNER
PATTERN
98. TEXTURE IS THE QUALITY OF AN
OBJECT WHICH WE SENSE
THROUGH TOUCH.
TEXTURE
99. THE PRINCIPLES ARE CONCEPTS USED TO ORGANIZE OR
ARRANGE THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF DESIGN.
• BALANCE
• PROPORTION
• RHYTHM
• EMPHASIS
• UNITY
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
100. BALANCE
IT IS THE CONCEPT OF VISUAL EQUILIBRIUM AND RELATES TO
OUR PHYSICAL SENSE OF BALANCE.
Symmetrical Balance
101. IT REFERS TO THE RELATIVE SIZE AND SCALE OF THE VARIOUS
ELEMENTS IN A DESIGN.
PROPORTION
102. IT CAN BE DESCRIBED AS TIMED MOVEMENT THOUGH SPACE,
AN EASY, CONNECTED PATH ALONG WHICH THE EYE FOLLOWS A
REGULAR ARRANGEMENT OF MOTIFS.
RHYTHM
103. IT IS THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE THAT SUMMARIZES ALL OF THE
PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OD DESIGN.
UNITY
104. THE DESIGN PROCESS IS A TERM THAT COVERS A SET OF
OPERATIONS WHICH, WHEN CAREFULLY UNDERTAKEN BY THE
DESIGNER, RESULT IN THOROUGHLY CONSIDERED AND WELL
CRAFTED DESIGN SOLUTIONS THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE
CLIENT.
DESIGN PROCESS
