Presentation during the Forum on Migration and Development organized by Ateneo de Davao University Davao City, Philippines

1. MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2. FORUMMigration and DevelopmentAteneo de Davao University Leila Rispens-Noel Senior Advisor, International Network of Alternative Financial Institutions (INAFI International) President, Wimler Foundation

3. Migration What is Migration? Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. What are the main types of migration? Migration can be permanent, temporary, voluntary or forced. It can be international or internal. 3

4. Push Factors of Migration Lack of jobs and Poverty Climate Change/Environmental problems Lack or under-employment at home Market forces Discrimination Civil Strife/War/Political and religious persecution 4

5. Pull Factors of Migration Higher standards of living/Higher wages Labor Demand Political and/or religious freedom Enjoyment/Greener pastures Education Better medical care Security Family links 5

6. What do we know? Migration can contribute to development Remittances are twice more than official development aid, just little behind than foreign direct investments. Migration is unstoppable 6

7. Philippine International Migration January 19, 2011 7 Global: in 2010, 214 million people work and live outside their countries of origin; nearly three percent of world’s population (IOM) Philippines: estimated 8-10 million overseas Filipinos spread in 193 countries; 10% are irregular; 60% are women

8. International Migration 8

9. Top Destination Countries for Filipinos 1. United States 2. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3. Canada 4. United Arab Emirates 5. Australia 6. Malaysia 7. Japan 8. Qatar 9. United Kingdom 10. Singapore 11. Hong Kong 12. Kuwait 13. Italy 14. Taiwan 15. South Korea 9

10. Social Cost of Migration 10 Dysfunctional families Culture of migration Culture of dependency Abuses, violation of migrants’ rights Exclusion Abandoned children Brain drain, brain waste

11. Top 10 remittance recipient developing countries in US$ billion (WB) 11

12. Philippine Remittances estimates 2010 - $440 billion 2009 - $316 billion Expected to increase by 7.1% in 2011 a faster pace of recovery in 2010 than The World bank earlier forecasts. 12

13. Remittances Compared with other Resource Flows 13

14. Uses of Remittances About 80% on: Food Education Health Repayment of debts Remaining amount for: Savings Investments Diaspora Philanthropy –hometown associations 14

15. Not only Remittances Migrants also contribute social remittances: skills, knowledge, networks, new ideas (politics) – in some countries (peace building, democratization, good governance) In time of disaster In Host countries: Economy, culture 15

16. What should we do and who will do it? 16 Government Migrants and Families Development and international organizations NGOs, trade unions, Diaspora/Migrant Associations Academes Financial sector Host Countries

17. Recommendations for Academes, Students 1. Data and information gathering e.g. thesis on causes, effects, and social costs of Migration in Mindanao and formulate recommendations based on their findings to be used as basis for government policies to improve situation of migrants and their families both at home and abroad. 17

18. Recommendations (Cont.) Research on the impact of migration to rural development Research on the impact of remittances to the development of Mindanao Research on the impact of collective remittances (Diaspora philanthropy to the development in Mindanao) Research on how to promote and strengthen hometown associations as actors of development Research on Gender, Migration and Development 18

19. ADDU Migration and Development Center Responds to lack of data on internal and international migration in Mindanao (research is usually done from Manila Information (action-oriented research) and based on Mindanao context provided by the Center can influence government policy (ex. Leveraging remittances and Diaspora philanthropy for development Future-oriented data gathering can help those who plan to work abroad make informed decision; plan for it (purpose of migration) Should attract interest from ADDU alumni – (generate support from them) 19

20. DAGHANG SALAMAT www.inafi.org www.wimler.org leila.rispens-noel@wimler.org 20