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GROUP 2
1. SURVEYING, GEOHAZARDS AND ROAD MAPPING AT BALUYAN, MALALAG, DAVAO DELSUR Presenters: Barranco, Mirafe L. Catan, Dean Mark L. Patacsil, Daryl Sheen
2. Overview Baluyan, sometimes called Little Bagyo is found between the boundary of Sarangani Province and Davao del Sur, situated in the municipality of Malalag.Bo. Baluyan, Malalag, Davao del Sur is bounded by geographic coordinates 06°32’27’’ north latitude and 125°22’12.9’’ east longitude (Figure 1). It is southwest of central Davao City and approximately 45 km distance travel by commercial buses and other land vehicle for three (3) hours through Davao City – Sta. Cruz – Digos City – Padada – Sulop National Road Baluyan is known to its zigzag road.
3. The Bo. Baluyan mountain formations are elevated at about 500 - 800m terrain. In lithology, mostly consists of detritus sedimentary rocks and intrusive, is dipped almost vertically along the road ways. In the area, existence of jointed, fractured, and deeply weathered rocks and rocks that are weak and delicate possesses about to happen risk to the vehicles that are travelling alongside the mountains and to the human infrastructures that are risk to landslide. Rock and debris fall will occur most probably due to its delicate state. Landslide exposures are observed with no tress, crops and shrub growing. Dangers are highly risked in the thrust fault when dislocation or displacement takes place generating earthquakes causing to the unstable rocks and debris to stamp on down the road and afterward, landslides follow.
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6. The table below explains the synchronic activity done by the group in the surveyed area in Baluyan, Malalag Davao del Sur. Table 1.1: The synchronic activity done in Baluyan, Davao del Sur
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9. The data in the table above was gathered by the second group using brunton compass and measuring tape. Each group was assigned to survey a distance of 200 meters and divided into ten points. Each group was also tasked to record structures and geologic formations in the covered distance. They were also tasked to take down the structures, objects or natural things in each station to serve as the name of the station
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11. In the covered area, rocks are typically consists of detritus sedimentary rocks and intrusive igneous rocks, is dipped nearly vertically along the pathways. The presence of jointed, cracked and deeply weathered rocks possesses hazards to the alongside abodes, vehicles and human infrastructures. Falling rocks and debris are possibly occurring in the area. Landslides contacts are observed with no tress and shrub growing. Road slips are also observed in the area; mostly sedimentary rocks are present in the structure which are brittle that tend to be easily breaks because of weathering.
12. Slope failures are probably occurring as the slopes sustain is limited for road ways construction. Talus deposits alongside the road ways replicate the continual weathering of the rocks that possess dangers in lengthened duration of rainfalls. Heavy rains in the area are mostly the reason why landslide is always occurring. Another factor that relates the problem in the area is the brittleness of the rocks situated in the lower and upper part of the road ways. Boulders are the good example for the brittleness of the rocks in the area; because of the earthquakes caused by the active faults in the area rocks are tend to cracked and detached and fall alongside the road ways that could trigger incident to the people living in the area. Stations 8 and 9 are the good examples.
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24. Data Management Each group mate in a group have individual tasked. Decided by the group, one are tasked to get the bearing and angle of depression by the used of brunton compass, the other one is tasked to used the measuring tape to get the exact measurement and lastly, the other one is tasked to record the distance, the bearing, the angle of depression and the structures observed in the surveyed area. Data are all together gathered after the surveying. Each data are checked in order to refrain from mistakes. Then, all the data and information are put together in the engineering field book. After that, the samples collected from the surveying are stored in a container.
25. After checking the data, the group will now assigned each group mate a task. First person is assigned to make the map by using the bearings and measurements from the data. Second person is assigned to make the written report and the visual presentation of the group from the data collected. The last person is tasked to custodies the samples and also tasked to present it to the class. After assigning the tasks, all necessary data are taken. Re-checking of the data is necessary to execute. Final discussion is being followed.
26. Health and Safety In a hazardous place like the zigzag road of baluyan, mitigation measures should be implemented. The group observed that the rip-rap alongside the road way is made up of common cement that would closely to be wrecked in anytime. The rip-rap alongside the road should be altered with stronger resistance refraining from road slip. Authorities also should made a strong supporting walls in the depressed part of the road way. Strong support in the elevated part of the area should be implemented and made in order to avoid falling debris and boulders and could also avoid landslides.
27. Geologists should also conduct investigations and observations in the area to locate mass movements or moving faults in order to moderate and to minimize hazards and incidents. Citizens affected by the area should have also warning signals in case of incoming geological phenomena. Building infrastructures in the area should be concerned in the site where it would be place. Surveying the area is a highly recommended before building an infrastructure. Reconstruction of the road and the maintenance of it should be practiced in order to avoid road accident
30. The presence of jointed, cracked and deeply weathered rocks possesses hazards to the alongside abodes, vehicles and human infrastructures. Falling rocks and debris are possibly occurring in the area.
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34. The two images above are the igneous intrusion alongside the road ways, the igneous intrusion in the outcrop is basalt.
35. The image above is a diagonal strata. This is found in the frontward of station 10. This strata is not covered within the 200 meters assigned but it explains the formation of igneous intrusion in its left side. This strata is composed of sandstone and shale.