1. Construction And Analysis of Hydrographs © Microsoft Word clipart © Microsoft Word clipart

2. Hydrograph Record of River Discharge (the level of water flowing down a river channel) over a period of time, they show how certain rivers respond to a rainstorm. River Discharge (the level of water flowing down a river) (is calculated) Storm Hydrographs Show the change in discharge caused by a period of rainfall = cross sectional area rivers mean (average) velocity X (at a particular point in its course)

4. Construction Of Storm (flood) Hydrographs © Microsoft Word clipart

5. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Base flow Through flow Overland flow Rising limb Recession limb Basin lag time mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Flood Hydrograph

6. The discharge of the river is measured in cumecs - this stands for cubic metres per second 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s)

7. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) mm 4 3 2 Rainfall shown in mm, as a bar graph

8. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) mm 4 3 2 Discharge in m 3 /s, as a line graph

9. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Rising limb mm 4 3 2 Rising limb The normal (base) flow of the river starts to rise when run-off, ground and soil water reaches the river.

10. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Rising limb mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Peak flow Maximum discharge in the river, the time when the river reaches its highest flow

11. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Rising limb Recession limb mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Recession limb shows that water is still reaching the river but in decreasing amounts

12. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Rising limb Recession limb Basin lag time mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Basin lag time The time it takes for the water to find its way to the river

13. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Base flow Rising limb Recession limb Basin lag time mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Base flow Normal discharge of the river

14. 0 12 24 36 48 30 72 Hours from start of rain storm 3 2 1 Discharge (m 3 /s) Base flow Through flow Overland flow Rising limb Recession limb Basin lag time mm 4 3 2 Peak flow Overland flow Through flow + = Storm Flow

15. Volume of water reaching the river from surface run off Overland flow Through flow Volume of water reaching the river through the soil and underlying rock layers

16. Analysis © Microsoft Word clipart