Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and its Impacts - Davis Johnston
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2013 EERI Annual Meeting Session: Christchurch Earthquakes Workshop
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Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and its Impacts - Davis Johnston
- 1. Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and its Impacts David Johnston Joint Centre for Disaster Research, GNS Science – Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand GNS Science
- 2. Christchurch Earthquake epicentre GNS Science
- 3. GNS Science
- 4. Central business district GNS Science
- 5. GNS Science
- 6. A tale of two earthquakes – the Canterbury sequence of 2010-2011 GNS Science
- 7. GNS Science
- 8. Feb. & June 2011 Sept. 2010 Earthquake comparison • M6.2 & M6.0 within 5 km of the city • Both occurred in the afternoon • M7.1 earthquake, 30 km west of city • 185 fatalities, scores of serious injuries • Saturday 4th September at 4:36 am • Damage & deaths in the CBD in older brick, • 0 fatalities, only 2 serious injuries URM and a few commercial buildings built • Damage to older brick and URM prior to modern code • Modern code buildings generally • Residential damage due to liquefaction and performed very well under extreme loads lateral spreading • Widespread residential damage resulting • Cost: Estimate of $4-5 billion (direct) from liquefaction and shaking (> 1 g PGA) • Psychological and business impacts on • Cost: Estimate of $ 20+ billion community despite no loss of life • Most significant socio-economic event in NZ since 60 years – 8-10% GDP GNS Science
- 9. CTV Building 9 GNS Science
- 10. GNS Science
- 11. Community & Public Health 76 Chester St East GNS Science
- 12. International Support • Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) – NZ Fire Service: 150 personnel – International Teams: 439 personnel from 7 countries (Australia, US, UK, Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore) – NZ Response Teams (19 teams approx 160 personnel) • Disaster Victim Identification: 40 staff from 5 countries • Police: 353 Australian Police • Engineering, Medical, Military, GNS Science
- 13. RESOURCING • 2500 Port a loos (960 flown from America) • 40,000 chemical toilets • 31 KMS of security fencing • 18 “sucker trucks” (sourced from Aussie) • CDEM staff from throughout the country assisting in both the Christchurch EOC and the NCMC GNS Science
- 14. 14 GNS Science
- 15. 15 GNS Science
- 16. Spontaneous Volunteers • Social Media used to harness student population • Student Army • Farmy Army • Informal groups assisting GNS Science
- 17. Situation at end of State of Emergency 1 May 2011 • Fatalities: 185 confirmed (2011) • Injuries: ACC: ~2500 (2010) and ~7500 (2011) • Power: 100% restored outside CBD ‘red zone’ • Water: 100% have mains supply outside red zone • Waste water: 97% of city with working toilets • Schools: All open (11 sharing facilities) • Health: All services within capacity • Buildings: About 20% commercial unsafe • Homes: About 26000 vacant houses. 2% unsafe • Insurance: Over 340 000 claims so far (Sept-Feb) • Estimated Economic Costs NZ$15-20 billion (c. 9% of GDP) GNS Science
- 18. Five most common types of injuries 4th September 2010 Soft Tissue Injury 74.1% (1671) Lacerations, punctures, stings 12.3% (277) Fracture/dislocation 5.3% (120) Dental Injury 2.3% (53) Other 1.3% (30) Five most common types of injuries 22nd February 2011 Soft Tissue Injury 70.44% (5051) Lacerations, punctures, stings 15.37% (1102) Fracture/dislocation 6.62% (475) Dental Injury 1.77% (127) Other 1.53% (110) GNS Science
- 19. Mechanism of injury 4th September 2010 22nd February 2011 Primary Immediate 377 16.7% 3129 43.6% Primary Action 1025 45.4% 1293 18.0% Primary Unknown 50 2.2% 574 8.0% Secondary (including cleanup) 499 22.1% 1881 26.2% Aftershock Immediate 165 7.3% 172 2.4% Aftershock Action 134 5.9% 103 1.4% Aftershock Unknown 6 0.3% 19 0.3% GNS Science
- 20. GNS Science
- 21. Injury prevention • Improved building codes, strengthening buildings and securing fittings will reduce future earthquake deaths and injuries. • However, the high rate of action injuries earthquake suggests that further education is needed to promote appropriate actions during and after earthquakes. GNS Science
- 22. Drinking water and sewerage • Initial priority to make drinking water safe: – Drinking water assessors – Christchurch City council – NZ Defence Force • Chlorination: – Initially slow progress – C&PH assisted with GIS data – De-chlorination now complete GNS Science
- 23. E.Coli transgression clusters GNS Science
- 24. Why no gastro outbreaks? • Cantabrians still boiling water at 6 weeks – Telephone survey • Scrupulous handwashing: – Pandemic preparedness? – Sterigel • Excellent communication – Community briefings – Websites – Print media GNS Science
- 25. Winter Heating • Approx 13,000 homes lost primary heat source • Winter Heating Group • Fletchers Winter Heat Project – Prioritisation – collated EQC/MSD/PHO data – Slow start, rapid escalation – No insulation • De facto clean heat but – Emergency preparedness – Unflued gas heaters GNS Science
- 26. Social and psychosocial impacts GNS Science
- 27. Intervention pyramid Intervention pyramid for mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies & long term programmes GNS Science
- 28. Wellbeing • Connectedness • Normalising reactions • Avoiding “PTSD” • Consistent messages • Evidence-based services for those with ongoing issues. GNS Science
- 29. Where have all the people gone? GNS Science
- 30. Moving to the future GNS Science
Notas del editor
- Most dramatic damage. Where the majority of response agencies are based.
- Relocation
- Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Australia: 17 experts arrived with the Police deployment that arrived on Fri 25 Feb. A pathologist and assistant will arrive in Christchurch Sunday night. UK : an advance team (of two) is enroute (exact arrival time tba). Japan: A team of four fingerprint experts and an interpreter are travelling to New Zealand. Travel arrangements are being worked through. · Thailand: NZ Police have accepted an offer of a seven person DVI team. ETA in Christchurch Sunday 27 Feb at 1405 (via Sydney). Israel: Sending a team of eight DVI personnel. Expected to arrive in Christchurch at 13.05 on Mon 28 Feb, via Korea. Police Assistance Australia: 353 Police arrived night of 25 Feb. Officers have been sworn in and providing general Police support with main function being to police suburbs. Planned to remain for 14 days with a decision to be made on future support needs. Other Assistance Australia: a 23 person medical team consisting of emergency and surgical personnel, in country as of 23 Feb. A 75 bed medical field hospital arrived in Christchurch on 24 Feb. Singapore: 116 Singaporean Defence Force Personnel, already in New Zealand for an exercise when the earthquake struck, who are supporting the security cordon in CBD. NZDF is making a request through military channels for a one week extension (to 13 March) for this deployment. Japan is sending a team of four counsellors as part of their consular response. They are expected to arrive sometime today. A 4-person NGO medical team from Nepal (of multiple nationalities) have arrived in Christchurch, and are being processed by the NZ Medical Council for accreditation. NGOs: Save the Children Australia currently have one- child protection specialist and two emergency specialists either in country or on route.. Japan Government: 6 psychologists to provide psycho-social counselling met and hosted by the Red Cross. Chilean/Mexican SAR team (not requested) arrived yesterday. They have accommodation for two nights.
- Show clusters – south brighton – dead end in retic Cluster around Jefferies Rd pumpstation
- Connectedness Normalising reactions Avoiding “PTSD” Consistent messages – giving media and other organisations good info.