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10th ESO-ESMO Masterclass in Clinical Oncology 02-07 April 2011, Ermatingen   Walter Weder MD Professor of Surgery University Hospital Zurich NSCLC:  Surgery
59 y, female, 40 py,  incidental finding on chest X-ray Case 1
Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NSCLC  -  stages at presentation Fry, Cancer 1996 31% Stage III 38% Stage IV 24% Stage I 7% Stage II
Stage-dependent survival for NSCLC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tsuboi, World Conference IASLC 2009 5-y survival after state-of-the-art treatment
Personalized therapy Paradigm shift from empiric to integrated therapy TNM Surgery Radiotherapy •  Local extension •  Timing •  Undetermined adapted from D. Gandara, World Conference IASLC   2009
T  1- 3  N  0 Curative surgery ± adjuvant therapy T  1 -3  N  1 T  1 -3  N 2 Chemo-/(radio-)therapy  and surgery T  4   N  0 - 1 T  1 -2   N  3 T  4  N 3  M 1   Palliative therapy Lung cancer - treatment concepts
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surgical procedures
2-4 incisions 30 – 70% of all lobectomies in experienced centers may preserve immunologic response and  better compliance for adjuvant therapy Minimally invasive (VATS) resections
Limited resection vs lobectomy Lung Cancer Study Group: Ann. Thorac. Surg., 60, 615, 1995
Limited resection vs lobectomy Nakamura H. et al. Brit. J. Cancer 2005; 92, 1033
The role of Tumor size Okada et al. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2005; 129, 87 5-Year-survival  according  to tumor diameter < 20mm 21-30 mm > 30 mm Lobectomy 92% 87% 81% Segmentectomy 96% 85% 63% Wedge resection 86% 39% 0%
Tumor histology and Grading Nakamura H. et. al., Lung Cancer, 2004; 44, 61 5-Y- survival after sublobar resection p-value Adenocarcinoma (n=76) 66 % Squamous cell carcinoma (n=21) 59 % 0.75 G1 (=52) 84 % G2-3 (n=45) 46 % 0.001
Consequences of limited resection   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lung saving (sleeve-) resections
T-stage
   68000 NSCLC,   1000 SCLC World Conference IASLC 2009 New staging system
Chest wall infiltration ?
Chest wall infiltration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pancoast tumors (superior sulcus tumors) PET/CT for staging (mediastinum, distant metastases) Determination of the radiation field Tumor of the apex of the lung with possible infiltration of the  chest wall brachial plexus,  stellate ganglion, ribs, vertebae < 5% of all bronchogenic carcinoma
S.P.1940  cT3N2   N-stage Microscopic infiltration  or bulky multilevel disease?
Lymph node status predicts outcome Naruke, Ann Thorac Surg 2001
Survival of patients with resected N2  Andre, JCO 2000 Subgroups Patients 5-yr  Survival  Minimal N2   - One Level - Multiple Levels Clinical N2   - One Level - Multiple N2  354 244 78 332 118 122  29,5% 34% 11% 7% 8% 3%
Incidental (occult) N 2  disease  adjuvant treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],ACCP Guidelines, Chest 2007
N-stage Multilevel N 2  disease – primary surgery not indicated
The stage III disease Pts with NSCLC, IIIA, pN2 resectable CT* + RT (61 Gy) CT* + RT (45 Gy) Surgery * Cisplatin 50 mg/m 2  d1/8/29/36 Etopophos 50 mg/m 2  d1-5, d29-33 CT* N=202 N=194 Albain, Lancet 2009
RTOG 9309: Efficacy Albain, Lancet, 2009 0 12 24 36 48 60 0 25 50 75 100 CT/RT/C CT/RT Survival probability  (%) Death /total 145/202 155/194 p=0 . 24 RR=0 . 87 (0 . 70;  1 . 10) Months 0 12 24 36 48 60 0 25 50 75 100 CT/RT/S CT/RT Survival probability (%) Death /total Months   57/90 74/90 18% 36% 5- year S 22  months 34  months MS CT/RT CT/RT/S p=0 . 002
RTOG 9309: operative mortality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Albain, Lancet, 2009
Pneumonectomy after neoadjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Weder JTCS 2010
Morbidity and Mortality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Weder, JTCS 2010
Survival according to clinical stage Weder, JTCS 2010
Patient received 2 cycles of induction with CDDP/GEM. Tolerated chemotherapy very poorly Restaging with PET/CT  SD ( ± PD) MRI of brain without metastasis 65 year old obese (BMI 25) female of RLL with metastases to lymph nodes # 10, 7, 4 R (tracheal infiltration)
Patient is alive after 5 years with NED, assessed clinically and by CT
‘ Resectable N 2 ‘ – which questions have to be answered? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Role of highest level N 2  node Sakao, Ann Thorac Surg 2006
Single vs multilevel N 2 Decaluwé, EJCTS 2009
Role of mediastinal downstaging Betticher et al. , JCO 2003
Take home message I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Take home message II

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MCo 2011 - Slide 25 - W. Weder - Surgery

  • 1. 10th ESO-ESMO Masterclass in Clinical Oncology 02-07 April 2011, Ermatingen Walter Weder MD Professor of Surgery University Hospital Zurich NSCLC: Surgery
  • 2. 59 y, female, 40 py, incidental finding on chest X-ray Case 1
  • 3.
  • 4. NSCLC - stages at presentation Fry, Cancer 1996 31% Stage III 38% Stage IV 24% Stage I 7% Stage II
  • 5.
  • 6. Personalized therapy Paradigm shift from empiric to integrated therapy TNM Surgery Radiotherapy • Local extension • Timing • Undetermined adapted from D. Gandara, World Conference IASLC 2009
  • 7. T 1- 3 N 0 Curative surgery ± adjuvant therapy T 1 -3 N 1 T 1 -3 N 2 Chemo-/(radio-)therapy and surgery T 4 N 0 - 1 T 1 -2 N 3 T 4 N 3 M 1 Palliative therapy Lung cancer - treatment concepts
  • 8.
  • 9. 2-4 incisions 30 – 70% of all lobectomies in experienced centers may preserve immunologic response and better compliance for adjuvant therapy Minimally invasive (VATS) resections
  • 10. Limited resection vs lobectomy Lung Cancer Study Group: Ann. Thorac. Surg., 60, 615, 1995
  • 11. Limited resection vs lobectomy Nakamura H. et al. Brit. J. Cancer 2005; 92, 1033
  • 12. The role of Tumor size Okada et al. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2005; 129, 87 5-Year-survival according to tumor diameter < 20mm 21-30 mm > 30 mm Lobectomy 92% 87% 81% Segmentectomy 96% 85% 63% Wedge resection 86% 39% 0%
  • 13. Tumor histology and Grading Nakamura H. et. al., Lung Cancer, 2004; 44, 61 5-Y- survival after sublobar resection p-value Adenocarcinoma (n=76) 66 % Squamous cell carcinoma (n=21) 59 % 0.75 G1 (=52) 84 % G2-3 (n=45) 46 % 0.001
  • 14.
  • 15. Lung saving (sleeve-) resections
  • 17. 68000 NSCLC,  1000 SCLC World Conference IASLC 2009 New staging system
  • 19.
  • 20. Pancoast tumors (superior sulcus tumors) PET/CT for staging (mediastinum, distant metastases) Determination of the radiation field Tumor of the apex of the lung with possible infiltration of the chest wall brachial plexus, stellate ganglion, ribs, vertebae < 5% of all bronchogenic carcinoma
  • 21. S.P.1940 cT3N2 N-stage Microscopic infiltration or bulky multilevel disease?
  • 22. Lymph node status predicts outcome Naruke, Ann Thorac Surg 2001
  • 23. Survival of patients with resected N2 Andre, JCO 2000 Subgroups Patients 5-yr Survival Minimal N2 - One Level - Multiple Levels Clinical N2 - One Level - Multiple N2 354 244 78 332 118 122 29,5% 34% 11% 7% 8% 3%
  • 24.
  • 25. N-stage Multilevel N 2 disease – primary surgery not indicated
  • 26. The stage III disease Pts with NSCLC, IIIA, pN2 resectable CT* + RT (61 Gy) CT* + RT (45 Gy) Surgery * Cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 d1/8/29/36 Etopophos 50 mg/m 2 d1-5, d29-33 CT* N=202 N=194 Albain, Lancet 2009
  • 27. RTOG 9309: Efficacy Albain, Lancet, 2009 0 12 24 36 48 60 0 25 50 75 100 CT/RT/C CT/RT Survival probability (%) Death /total 145/202 155/194 p=0 . 24 RR=0 . 87 (0 . 70; 1 . 10) Months 0 12 24 36 48 60 0 25 50 75 100 CT/RT/S CT/RT Survival probability (%) Death /total Months 57/90 74/90 18% 36% 5- year S 22 months 34 months MS CT/RT CT/RT/S p=0 . 002
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Survival according to clinical stage Weder, JTCS 2010
  • 32. Patient received 2 cycles of induction with CDDP/GEM. Tolerated chemotherapy very poorly Restaging with PET/CT SD ( ± PD) MRI of brain without metastasis 65 year old obese (BMI 25) female of RLL with metastases to lymph nodes # 10, 7, 4 R (tracheal infiltration)
  • 33. Patient is alive after 5 years with NED, assessed clinically and by CT
  • 34.
  • 35. Role of highest level N 2 node Sakao, Ann Thorac Surg 2006
  • 36. Single vs multilevel N 2 Decaluwé, EJCTS 2009
  • 37. Role of mediastinal downstaging Betticher et al. , JCO 2003
  • 38.
  • 39.

Notas del editor

  1. 31. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Stages at Presentation NSCLC patients typically present with advanced disease. Approximately one third of NSCLC patients present with early localized disease amenable to surgical treatment.
  2. Mit Hilfe der Ihnen nun bekannten Stadieneinteilung werden verschiedene sich ständig ändernde Behandlungskonzepte verfolgt. Im frühen Stadium ist die kurative, d.h. heilende Chirurgie die Behandlung der Wahl, immer häufiger ergänzt durch adjuvante Substanzen im Sinne einer Chemotherapie. In den weiter fortgeschrittenen Stadien werden verschiedene Kombinationen von Chirurgie, Chemotherapie und Bestrahlung angewandt. In den späten Stadien, v.a. mit entfernten Lymphknoten und Organmetastasen gilt es in erster Linie die Lebensqualität des Patienten zu optimieren, auch hier kommt teilweise die Chirurgie zum Einsatz.
  3. Die Resektion des Tumors wird in der Regel als Standardresektion im Sinne einer Entfernung der kompletten anatomischen Einheit, z.B. eines Lungenlappens, durchgeführt. Zusätzlich werden auch die mediastinalen Lymphknoten mit entfernt. Je nach Lage und Ausdehnung des Tumors sowie Allgemeinzustand des Patienten wird die Resektion limitiert (sehr frühes Stadium, schlechte Lungenfunktion) oder erweitert mit Entfernung angrenzender Strukturen (Brustwand, grosse Gefässe) erfolgen. Auf die zwei letzten Techniken gehe ich noch genauer ein.