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Small cell lung cancer Dr C Faivre-Finn Manchester Lung Cancer Group Manchester Radiation Related Research Group 10 th  ESO-ESMO Masterclass 6 th  April 2011 Manchester Lung Cancer Group
[object Object],Gandara and Lara. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4236-38
Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do we stage SCLC? ,[object Object],0 2 4 6 8 Survival (Years) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% IA IB IIA IIB IIIA IIIB IV 26 21 15 12 13 11 6 Median survival (months) 8008 patients
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anthracyclines Sundstr øm et al. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 4665 - 4672 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EP CEV CEV-cyclophosphamide/epirubicin/vincristine  EP-etoposide/cisplatin
Platinum vs non-Platinum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carboplatin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CTRT combinations
Pujol et al. J Clin Oncol, 1997. 15:  2082-9 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dose intensity PCDE-cisplatin/CPM/epirubicin/etoposide
ACE with primary prophylaxis Thatcher et al. J Clin Oncol, 2000. 18: 395-404 ACE with GCSF q14 (LS) ACE without GCSF q21 (LS) ACE with GCSF q14 (ES)  ACE without GCSF q21 (ES) 1 yr survival - 47% G vs. 39% C  2 yr survival -13% G vs. 8%  C
New Treatments… 47% Topotecan RR Phase II -2 nd  line Single agent 52% Amrubicin 39% Pemetrexed 39% Irinotecan 26% Gemcitabine 34-41% Paclitaxel
Irinotecan  Noda NEJM 2002 Hanna JCO 2006 MS 12.8 vs 9.4 months 1 yr S 58.4% vs 37.7% (p=0.002) MS 9.3 vs 10.2 months  1 yr S 35% vs 35.2% (p=0.074)
Meta-analysis  Irinotecan /Platinum   and Etoposide /Platinum in ES Jiang et al J Thor Oncol 2010 Irinotecan + Platinum not inferior to EP   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pemetrexed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Socinski, M. A. et al. J Clin Oncol 2009
Topotecan – 2nd line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Amrubicin ,[object Object],[object Object]
EORTC 08062 First Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],R A N D O M I S E O`Brien et al ASCO 2010   AMR   AMR/Cis  Cis/Etop OR  61%  77%  63% PFS mos  5.2   6.9  5.8 OS mos  11.7  11.1  10.0 ARM A Amrubicin 45 mg/m 2   d 1-3 ARM B Amrubicin 40 mg/m 2  d 1-3   +  Cisplatin 60 mg/m 2  d 1 ARM C Cisplatin  75mg/m 2 ,d1 +  Etoposide   iv 100   mg/m 2   d1-3, iv 100   mg/m 2   d1 ,  po 200   mg/m 2 d2,3
Maintenance or Consolidation Therapy Rossi et al Lung Cancer  2010 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],‘ Clinical impact of maintenance chemotherapy  needs to be confirmed by further studies’
TARGETED THERAPIES FOR SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER The Hallmarks of Cancer : Hanahan and Weinberg, Cell 2000 ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS INHIBITORS OF GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION  APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RADIOTHERAPY
Limited-stage SCLC
Progress in LS-SCLC?  CT alone Sequential CTRT Concurrent CTRT BD conc CTRT Komaki et al-BD Komaki et al-OD 0 10 20 30 5 year survival (%) <10 10-15 20-25 25-30 25 (32) 12 (19)
Treatment options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RT CT CT CT CT CT RT CT (CT)
Concurrent  CTRT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sequential CTRT
Current evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Timing of thoracic RT with chemotherapy J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4837-45   7 RCTs Advantage of early (<9 weeks) radiotherapy 2 yr % NNT for benefit P All (1524) Platinum Platinum+ HART +5.2 [0.6-9.7] 20 0.03 +9.8 [3.8-15.9] 10 0.001 +16.7 [9.4-26] 6 0.001
Standard of care in LS-SCLC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why CONVERT
Once daily Thoracic Irradiation D1  D3   D22  D24  D43  D45  D64  D66   RT 66Gy/45D/33F Twice daily Thoracic Irradiation D1  D3   D22  D24  D43  D45  D64  D66 RT 45Gy/19D/30F Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer SD, PR,CR  PCI If<SD    No PCI Registration Randomisation Restage Chemotherapy Radiotherapy CONVERT STUDY PS 0-2 No age limit Manchester Lung Cancer Group
Targeted agents and RT Spigel et al. J Clin Oncol 2010 Phase II -29 LS-SCLC patients recruited Early trial closure Two patients developed tracheoesophageal fistulae One patient died from an aerodigestive hemorrhage
Prophylactic cranial  irradiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PCI 99-01 EORTC 22003-08004 - RTOG  0212 ,[object Object],Le Pechoux et al. Lancet Oncol 2009 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0.05 1.20  (1.00-1.44) 37%  (32%-42%) 42%  (37%-48%) Survival ,[object Object],0.80  (0.57-1.11) 23% (18%-29%) 29%  (24%-35%) Incidence BM ,[object Object],HR 36Gy/18   25 Gy/10  2 years
Extensive stage SCLC
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in ES-SCLC  (EORTC 08993-22993) PCI 20-30 Gy in 5-12 fractions No PCI Random Any response PS 0-2 Age  75 < 5 weeks 4-6 weeks No response Chemotherapy (4-6 cycles) Slotman et al. N Engl J Med 2007
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in ES-SCLC  EORTC 08993-22993
Jeremic B. et al. J Clin Oncol 1999 100 50 57.5 115 Months p=0.041 Group  1-RT 2-no RT MST (months)  17 11 2yr  65 46 5yr  9.1 3.7 % Alive % Alive Thoracic RT  for  ES-SCLC?
Dutch-UK TRT EDSCLC Study Design PCI alone Random Any response PS 0-2 < 4 weeks 4-6 weeks No response Chemotherapy (4-6 cycles) PCI 20 Gy/5# or 30 Gy/10# TRT  30 Gy/10# +PCI
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy Advances and Challenges

  • 1. Small cell lung cancer Dr C Faivre-Finn Manchester Lung Cancer Group Manchester Radiation Related Research Group 10 th ESO-ESMO Masterclass 6 th April 2011 Manchester Lung Cancer Group
  • 2.
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  • 11. ACE with primary prophylaxis Thatcher et al. J Clin Oncol, 2000. 18: 395-404 ACE with GCSF q14 (LS) ACE without GCSF q21 (LS) ACE with GCSF q14 (ES) ACE without GCSF q21 (ES) 1 yr survival - 47% G vs. 39% C 2 yr survival -13% G vs. 8% C
  • 12. New Treatments… 47% Topotecan RR Phase II -2 nd line Single agent 52% Amrubicin 39% Pemetrexed 39% Irinotecan 26% Gemcitabine 34-41% Paclitaxel
  • 13. Irinotecan Noda NEJM 2002 Hanna JCO 2006 MS 12.8 vs 9.4 months 1 yr S 58.4% vs 37.7% (p=0.002) MS 9.3 vs 10.2 months 1 yr S 35% vs 35.2% (p=0.074)
  • 14.
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  • 20. TARGETED THERAPIES FOR SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER The Hallmarks of Cancer : Hanahan and Weinberg, Cell 2000 ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS INHIBITORS OF GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION APOPTOSIS PROMOTERS
  • 21.
  • 24. Progress in LS-SCLC? CT alone Sequential CTRT Concurrent CTRT BD conc CTRT Komaki et al-BD Komaki et al-OD 0 10 20 30 5 year survival (%) <10 10-15 20-25 25-30 25 (32) 12 (19)
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  • 29. Timing of thoracic RT with chemotherapy J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4837-45 7 RCTs Advantage of early (<9 weeks) radiotherapy 2 yr % NNT for benefit P All (1524) Platinum Platinum+ HART +5.2 [0.6-9.7] 20 0.03 +9.8 [3.8-15.9] 10 0.001 +16.7 [9.4-26] 6 0.001
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Once daily Thoracic Irradiation D1 D3 D22 D24 D43 D45 D64 D66 RT 66Gy/45D/33F Twice daily Thoracic Irradiation D1 D3 D22 D24 D43 D45 D64 D66 RT 45Gy/19D/30F Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer SD, PR,CR  PCI If<SD  No PCI Registration Randomisation Restage Chemotherapy Radiotherapy CONVERT STUDY PS 0-2 No age limit Manchester Lung Cancer Group
  • 33. Targeted agents and RT Spigel et al. J Clin Oncol 2010 Phase II -29 LS-SCLC patients recruited Early trial closure Two patients developed tracheoesophageal fistulae One patient died from an aerodigestive hemorrhage
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 37. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in ES-SCLC (EORTC 08993-22993) PCI 20-30 Gy in 5-12 fractions No PCI Random Any response PS 0-2 Age  75 < 5 weeks 4-6 weeks No response Chemotherapy (4-6 cycles) Slotman et al. N Engl J Med 2007
  • 38. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in ES-SCLC EORTC 08993-22993
  • 39. Jeremic B. et al. J Clin Oncol 1999 100 50 57.5 115 Months p=0.041 Group 1-RT 2-no RT MST (months) 17 11 2yr 65 46 5yr 9.1 3.7 % Alive % Alive Thoracic RT for ES-SCLC?
  • 40. Dutch-UK TRT EDSCLC Study Design PCI alone Random Any response PS 0-2 < 4 weeks 4-6 weeks No response Chemotherapy (4-6 cycles) PCI 20 Gy/5# or 30 Gy/10# TRT 30 Gy/10# +PCI
  • 41.

Notas del editor

  1. Decrease in incidence of SCLC- decrease in incidence of smokers, change of cigarette composition (decreased tar and nicotine)
  2. IASLC - LD-SCLC is defined as tumour confined to one hemithorax with regional lymph node metastasis including both ipsilateral and contralateral hilar, supraclavicular and mediastinal nodes, as well as ipsilateral pleural effusion [1]. However, most studies have excluded LD patients with pleural effusion. More recently t he International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer recommended the use of the new TNM classification for the staging of SCLC based on an analysis of 8088 cases of SCLC
  3. Donc, comment est-ce qu’on en est arrive la?
  4. L’etude de Sundstrom a montre que les regimes contenant des anthracyclines etaient inferieurs. CEV-cyclophosphamide/epirubicin/vincristine
  5. We have 2 meta-analyses that show survival benefit for platinum, but a recent meta-analyisi that shows no difference. How can you resolve this. Well there may be a benefit in ED, this is modest and not reliable. Furthermore, some non-platinum regimens are also good. oxicity is also an isues, particularly with cisplatin, and ongoing toxicity means poorer uptake of RT. He answer probably lies somewhere in this combination o factors
  6. Donc comment est-ce que l’on peut ameliorer la toxicite de nos traitements?… En particulier, a toxicite renale et la nausee. Cela-dit le cisplatine reste le traitement optimale pour les patients de stade limite…
  7. Le cisplatine est radiosensibilisant. Il y a une synergie entre le cisplatine et la radiotherapie. Le but du traitement est de guerir le patient.
  8. Est ce que l’intensite de dose peut augmenter le taux de survie? ICi, les courbes de survie demontre que l’augmentation des doses de chimiotherapie n’ameliore pas le taux de survie.
  9. Cette etude a demontree une augmentation du taux de survie pour les patients avec une augmentation de l’intensite de dose (qu’ils soient de stade localise ou etendu) mais il n’y a actuellement aucun consensus pour l’intensite de dose car la plupart des essais, dont une meta-analyse etaient negatifs. Taux de survie a 1an 47% et 39% pour les groupes G et C et 13% et 8% a 2ans. Plus de thrombocytopénie (36% vs 25%) et de transfusions sanguines (25% vs 18%) dans le groupe G mais moins de neutropénie par rapport au group C (21% vs 83%). (WHO grade 2-4)
  10. La, ca devient plus deprimant…. Nous savons que toutes ces chimiotherapies sont actifs en traitements de deuxieme ligne en tant qu’agents seuls. Je vais me concentrer sur les 4 derniers mais les resultats d’essais sont decevants.
  11. Alors, l’irinotecan…. Il y a eu une vague d’excitation dans le monde d’oncologie medicale quand les resultats de l’essai JAponais de Noda et coll ont ete publies. Cet essai a demontre que l’ajout du CPT11 au cisplatine etait superieur en termes de survie que le regime EP. Mais malheureusement, ca n’a pas dure car l’etude americaine de Hanna et coll n’a pas demontre que l’irinotecan etait superieur. Pourquoi cette difference? Elle a ete explique par les differences pharmacogenetiques entre les populations asiatiques et occidentales. Notamment le gene UGT1A1*28 qui est implique dans le metabolisme du CPT11. Ce gene est plus prevalent dans les populations occidentales….
  12. Alors, encore plus decevant est le pemetrexed… Le pemetrexed est un agent de chimiotherapie qui est tres bien tolere mais malheureusement n’a pas ete demontre comme etant mieux que le regime carboplatine/etoposide.
  13. Alors, le topotecan represente une avance importante dans le traitement de deuxieme ligne du CPC. Le topotecan est le premier agent chimiotherapeutique qui ete demontre comme etant superieur que les soins de support en traitement de deuxieme ligne. C’est un agent qui peut etre donne a voie orale ce qui est important dans le contexte palliatifs puisque les patients n’ont pas a etre hospitalise.
  14. L’amrubicine est peut-etre plus prometteur. Des essais sont en cours pour evaluer ce traitement.
  15. Phase III studies ongoing - Amrubicin vs Carboplatin + Etoposide Amrubicin vs Topotecan Amrubicin + Cisplatin vs Etoposide + Cisplatin
  16. Meta-Analysis 3688 pts Maintenance/consolidation metaanalysis 14 RCTs CT increased OS 1 yr by 9% , 2yr by 4% Bozcuk et al Cancer 2005 To my mind, hard to say there isn’t something in it, and 9% increase in 1 year survival not to be laughted at. It reminds me of the argument in NSCLC Toxicity was less of a problem for chemotherapy than for IFN and other agents, and few patients discontiued maintenance therapy because of toxicity
  17. Jusqu’a present aucune therapie ciblee a ete demontre comme etant efficace pour le traitement du CPC. L’espoir pour les therapies ciblee est que l’on puisse maintenir les reponses apres la chimiotherapie d’induction avec ou sans la radiotheraie avec un traitement de maintien. Que l’on puisse augmenter les taux de reponse et la duree de reponse apres le traitement initial en associant la chimio a une therapie ciblee. Que l;on puisse identifier de meilleurs traitements de 2eme et 3eme ligne. At least X agents have been, are currently or are proposed for testing in SCLC X have been tested in phase III (or randomised ) trials Do we have a targeted therapy yet ------no Are we close ? Here is a snapshot of targeted agents that have either been tested or are currently undergoing testing in SCLC Major focus on antiangiogenics
  18. Slides for the sceptics! ACE/PE median FU for patients alive is still only 2.5 years Komaki- concurrent CTRT 5 year survival in PCI group 32% BD vs 19% OD G 3 Oesophagitis 21% BD vs 9.2% OD Retrospective Study done between 1985-98 324 patients
  19. ?what is done in the UK AP survey
  20. Show CT William Parkinson
  21. Poumon atelectatique Volume large (&gt;15 cm cranio-caudale)
  22. LU21 15 months in VICE arm
  23. Trials published after 1985 Seven RCT
  24. Modern RT techniques=conformal, no ENI
  25. Phase II For the limited-stage small-cell lung cancer trial, 29 patients were enrolled beginning April 2006, and closed early due to toxicity in March 2007 (14-month median follow-up). (one resulting in death), prompting early study closure.Athird patient died from an aerodigestive hemorrhage (autopsy not performed). All three patients had grade 3 esophagitis during chemoradiotherapy and bevacizumab induction therapy.
  26. Participation RTOG IPC trt standrd dans LSSCLC Metaanalyse-gain a 3 ans de 6% chez les patients en RC ( bas é sur RP)
  27. New agents combined with RT once we have established a standard of care for LSSCLC