Pulse forming devices for high duty factor operation Richard E. Cassel (SLAC National Accelerator Lab)

1. R L Cassel
3/17/09

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3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

4. / + 9
cost Overall cost
performance rise time, flat top
Safety voltage, stored energy
space required access & area
efficiency rise & fall time
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reliability failure rates
protection klystron Joules
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maintainability easy access cost Overall cost
& ' line effects ( )
power smoothing pulsing rise time, flat
performance top
,- + ,- voltage, stored
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Safety
space required access & area
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reliability failure rates
/ protection
klystron Joules
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maintainability easy access
power line smoothing
effects pulsing
R L Cassel
3/17/09

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performance top
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space access & area
efficiency rise & fall time
reliability failure rates
protection
klystron Joules
maintainability easy access
power line smoothing
effects pulsing
R L Cassel
3/17/09

6. Hard Tube Modulator TFTR
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

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3/17/09

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3/17/09

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3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

11. Bouncer droop correction
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

12. Industral Long pulse Modulator
• Industry made subunits (PPT, ABB, FUG)
• Constant power, power supply for
suppression of 5Hz repetition rate
disturbances in the mains
• Compact storage capacitor bank with
self healing capacitors
• IGCT Stack (ABB); 7 IGCTs in series,
are redundant
R L Cassel
3/17/09

13. FERMI Modulator Status
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

14. :quot;
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Performance Slow rise & Fall, flat top flatness bouncer
Safety High Stored energy, Large amount of oil
Cost High Cost due to pulse transformer
quot; Efficiency Slow rise & fall times & High currents
Single switch turning off & crowbar switch, Inverse
& Protection klystron voltage devices
* Reliability Little redundancy but High MTTF
. Maintainability Air insulation easy maintenance, except Transformer
/ Power line effects SCR Control could cause large power fluctuations
0 Space required Transformer is Large
R L Cassel
3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

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3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

18. F
Switch Plate
Substation
Modulator Controls
SCR converter
R L Cassel
3/17/09

19. SNS Modulator Status
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3/17/09

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3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

22. SLAC Solid Sate Marx
S0n
Tm
Modulator
VCC -v
Gate Out
Trigger
Un1
5x4.5kV IGBT Com Com +v
SPST IN
Tr
Dn2 SWITCH DRIVE
Sn2 +-
Dn2
Ln0 Dn1 DC-DC
SWITCH DRIVE
35uHy 18kV Com Com
Diode 18kV
Sn1 S1n
Sn1 SPST Trigger
Dn0 Gate
50uF, 12kV C0n VCC
Discharge Dn1
R1
Bypass diode 18kV
Dump
Charging Diode 18kV 5x4.5kV IGBT Auxilary diode 18kV
+ + +
+ + +
Load
Tm
VCC -v
S30 Gate Out
Trigger
U31
5x2.5kv IGBT Com Com +v
SPST IN
D13 SWITCH DRIVE
S32 D32 +-
Tr
L30 DC-DC
D31
18kV SWITCH DRIVE
35uHy SPST Com Com
Diode 18kV
S31
900 Ohms S31 S30 Trigger
D30 Gate
50ufd 12kV C30 VCC
Discharge R1
D33
Capacitors
Dump
Charging Diode 18kV 5x4.5kV IGBT Auxilary Diode 18kV
Bypass diode 18kV
5x2.5kv IGBT Tm
S20 VCC -v
Gate Out
Trigger
Charge parallel
U21
Com Com +v
S23 SPST
IN
D21 SWITCH DRIVE
D23 +-
Tr
L1 350-24V
D22
18kV SWITCH DRIVE
35uHy SPST Com Com
Diode 18kV
S21
S21 S20 Trigger
D20 Gate
50ufd 12kV C03 VCC
Discharge R1
Auxilary Diode 18kV D23
Bypass diode 18kV
Discharge series
Dump
Charging Diode 18kV 5x4.5kV IGBT
5x2.5kv IGBT
Tm
S10 VCC -v
Gate Out
Trigger
U01
Com Com +v
SPST IN
D11 SWITCH DRIVE
S12 D13 +-
L1 350-24V
D12 Tr SWITCH DRIVE
18kV
35uHy SPST Com Com
Diode 18kV
S20
S11 Trigger
D10 S10 Gate
50ufd 12kV C03 VCC
Discharge R1
Auxilary Diode 18kV D13
Bypass diode 18kV
Dump
Charging Diode 18kV 5x4.5kV IGBT
12kV 300V
-V
+V
+V
-V
Charging Power
SLAC ILC Marx Modulator Auxilary Power
GRN
GRN
AC
AC
• 16 stages
• 120kV, 140A 1mS
• 150kW Average at present
• air insulation
• Flat Top flatness correction
is under development
R L Cassel
3/17/09

23. Stangenes Inc. Marx Modulator
Adding or Removing Stage
For ease of repair
30 stages 90kV 50A
100uS, 150kW
air insulation for Radar
R L Cassel
3/17/09

24. Marx Modulator Status
DTI 120KV, 140A oil Marx SLAC 120KV, 140A air Marx
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

26. Other Possible Modulator
Darlington Line
240kV Z=1000 ohms
L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18
-120kV
C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18
High Voltage difficult
SCR1D1
120,000V 120A
Z=1000 ohms
SCRn
Light triggered
120kV -60kV
SCR Switch
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18
C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18
SCR1
-120kV
D1
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
120,000V 120A
Darlington Line
Z=1000 ohms
SCRn
Delayed pulse 100.0
Z=500 ohms Z=500 ohms
80.0
Large Inductors 60.0
80kV -40kV -80kV
40.0
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L18
20.0
C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18
SCR1
-120kV 0.0
D1
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
Kilovolts
120,000V 120A
-20.0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12
Z=1000 ohms
SCRn
-40.0
Z=222 ohms Z=667 ohm Z=333 ohms
-60.0
-80.0
•Small Stored energy -100.0
-120.0
•Long pulse Line modulator -140.0
Time uSec
have not been made Output Voltage Line 1 Line 2 Line 3
•Possible with SCR driver 3 stage Darlington line simulation
R L Cassel
3/17/09

27. Darlington Line Modulator
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

28. Controlled Anode Klystron
Modulator
120,000V 120A
Grid
-132kV Z=100 ohms Control
Z=1000 ohms
L1 L3
L2 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8
Controlled Anode
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
132kV 120kV 2mS
108 kV
Voltage
120A
100kV 2MW
Time
12 phase rectifier
12.5kv 3 phase input
Controlled Anode Klystron
High fault current if anode dose not clear
High voltage DC
R L Cassel
3/17/09

29. ; #; /
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From
German standard VDE 0838
Power Supplies for TESLA
Modulators Hans-Jörg Eckoldt,
Niels Heidbrook
DESY TESLA 2000-36
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R L Cassel
3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

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R L Cassel
3/17/09

32. Stangenes Ind. Charging Supplies
Resonant type capacitor charging supplies Liquid and air cooled
3.3kV maximum Voltage at 140kW total
charging supply
3 out of 4 supply redundancy
15 amps average 30 amps peak
R L Cassel
3/17/09

33. %
1) Standard SCR controlled power supply may not be good enough for
power line consideration
2) Rectifier should have large enough inductive filter to reduce power
fluctuations due to capacitor voltage droop due to pulsing and reduce
current harmonic
3) Switching supply should have inductors filter to eliminate third harmonic
4) Switching supply should be regulated to near constant power output.
5) Hybrid power supply consisting of a High power SCR rectifier in series
with a fast switching supply to compensate for the voltage change on the
capacitor should be considered.
R L Cassel
3/17/09

34. + J
1) Alternative modulator designs should be considered
2) Number of klystron per modulator should be evaluated
3) Reliability and maintainability are very important in the
modulator.
4) Protection of the klystron against single point failures is
important.
5) Cost & Space requirements should be evaluated when
selecting Modulator.
6) Efficiency and power line effect are important in the
modulator design.
7) Safety should be an important consideration including
the way the energy is stored and use of high voltage
R L Cassel
3/17/09