1. Malaria Vaccines
Elizabeth Brochu
Spring 2014

2. Malaria Statistics
Malaria kills
650,000 people
each year
3.3 billion
people are at risk
for infection.
86% of malaria
deaths are
children
90% of malaria
deaths occur in
Africa
Over 200 million
clinical episodes
were reported in
2010
Malaria mortality
rates have fallen
45% since 2000

3. Where Does Malaria Occur?

4. Disease Symptoms
 Uncomplicated Malaria
Fever
Chills
Sweats
Enlarged spleen/liver
Nausea and vomiting
Mild jaundice
General malaise
 Severe Malaria
Anemia
Seizures
Coma
Kidney failure
Low blood pressure
Metabolic acidosis
Acute respiratory
distress syndrome

5. Diagnosis & Treatment
 Diagnostic Techniques
Microscopy
Rapid Diagnostic Test
Serology
 Treatments
Quinine
Chloroquinine
Clindamycin

6. Plasmodium
5 human-infecting species:
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium knowlesi
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Aconoidasida
Order: Haemosporida
Family: Plasmodiidae
Genus: Plasmodium

7. Plasmodium Life Cycle

8. Plasmodium Anatomy

9. Malaria Vaccine Approaches
1. Pre-erythrocytic stage
- in the liver
2. Erythrocytic stage
-in the bloodstream
3. Sexual stage
-in the mosquito

10. Future Outline
 Immunogen identification, characterization & synthesis
 Antibody production
 Vaccine design
 Vaccine history
 Current vaccine progress
 Other methods of prevention

11. References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Malaria. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/
RE, Green J, Katsimitsoulia Z, Taylor WR, Holder AA, Molloy JE. 2011. The mechanism of erythrocyte
invasion by the malarial parasite, plasmodium falciparum. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 22:
953-960.
Malaria: The Human Host. HHMI Biointeractive. Youtube.
Sam-Yellowe TY, Fujioka H, Aikawa M. 1999. Morphological analysis of isolated rhoptries from plasmodium
yoelii, P-berghei, and P-chabaudi merozoites. Experimental Parasitology 92: 275-278.
Sam-Yellowe TY, Banks TL, Fujioka H, Drazba JA, Yadav SP. 2008. Plasmodium yoelii: Novel rhoptry
proteins identified within the body of merozoite rhoptries in rodent plasmodium malaria. Experimental
Parasitology 120: 113-117.