1. THE PRINCIPALS OF By-
Elizabeth
PHOTOGRAPHY Rawding

2. SHAPE AND FORM
 Shape is the distinguished outline of the object. While form is
the nuances of shadow that help give the shape depth.
 Example- In this photo of a car light shape and form is shown
to outline the main light and the shadows on the car.

3. LEADING LINES
 Leading lines create meaningful compositions. They are used to draw
the viewers eye straight to the main focus.
 Example- In this photo the leading lines are the lines of pink flowers
leading straight to the main focus point, which is the building.

4. TEXTURE
 Photographers want images that have impact, and the proper
utilization of texture. Texture can become visible when
illuminated from an oblique light source .
 Example- In this photo the photographer took a picture of a
rope tied in a interesting design and really showed the texture
of the rope in general.

5. COLOR (HUE)
 Color encompasses three parameters, or properties which are
known as hue, saturation and brightness. Hue are actually just
colors.
 Example- In this photo color is really brought out by the
saturation and brightness of the colors.

6. SYMMETRICAL
BALANCE
 In photography there is two types of balance, symmetrical
asymmetrical. Symmetrical is the main type of balance in
photography. Its when the pictures are balanced in each side.
 Example- In this photo the columns are the main focus of
symmetrical balance. They are both on each side.

7. ASYMMETRICAL
BALANCE
 Asymmetrical Balance shows a pictures balance in a less
ridged manner.
 Example- In this picture its not exactly the same on each side
but there is an even distribution of the building and sky.

8. GRADATION
 Gradation is the tonal contrast between the black and white in
a photo. This includes paying attention to density, and detail
in a photo.
 Example- In this photo the black and white are shared evenly
throughout the photo to almost make it look like a dirty sky.

9. REPETITION
 The main word you think of when you hear repetition is repeat.
When you repeat a certain size, or shape or color you add
strength to the overall image.
 Example- In this photo repetition is shown by the apple being
brought all the way back to the back of the photo and the
repetition of the green colored apples.

10. PATTERN
 Patterns can either be man made, or be apart of nature.
Patterns add a visual rhythm and harmony to photographs.
 Example- In this photo patterns are shown by the pattern of
shopping carts being stacked together.

11. CONTRAST
 Some photographers use contrast to direct the viewers eye to
the focus point. Contrast shows the lightest tone to the
darkest tone, the lightest tone being the focus point.
 Example- In this photo the contrast is the yellow flower
against the dull sky.

12. DOMINANCE
 This is used as a color tool. It is when the color of the main
object or focus stands out much more then the rest.
 Example- The color dominance in this photo is the clouds and
the sun peaking trough the clouds.

13. PROPORTION
 This is the size of the object or person in the picture
compared to the rest of the surroundings.
 Example- In this photo the people are so tiny compared to the
rest of the picture.

14. UNIT Y
 Unity is a principle and is achieved through repetition.
Whether that is through shape, value or color.
 Example- In this photo unity is shown by the value of people
and the how they are all doing the same thing.

15. NEGATIVE SPACE
 Negative space provides provides balance, accentuates the
subject, and helps create atmosphere, creates interesting
shapes and patterns.
 Example- In this photo the negative space is the man and the
lady. It helps keep the focus on the people and not the
background.

16. RULE OF THIRDS
 This is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both
horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts of the
photo.
 Example- In this photo the rule of thirds is shown to to cut the
picture of the bee.

17. VISUAL CENTER
 Placing the most important element in the center, also known
as the focal point of the photo.
 Example- In this photo the track is the focus point of the
photo.