1.
Measuring
the
Public
Health
Impacts
of
Air
Pollu8on
in
Minnesota
Naomi
Shinoda
Minnesota
Department
of
Health
Chronic
Disease
and
Environmental
Epidemiology
Environmental
Public
Health
Tracking
and
Biomonitoring

2. Fine
par)cle
pollu)on:
PM2.5

3. PM2.5
pyramid
of
health
effects
Death
Hospital
admissions
Emergency
room
visits
Doctor
visits
Asthma
aBacks,
medica)on
use,
symptoms
Lung
func)on
changes,
immune
cell
responses,
heart
rate
variability
responses

4. Air
pollu)on
epidemiology
studies
¥ Health
impacts
are
measurable
¥ Large
body
of
evidence
–
PM2.5
¥ Respiratory
and
cardiovascular
effects
¥ Effects
observed
even
at
low
concentra)ons
¥ Long-­‐term
effects
à
increased
risk
¥ Short-­‐term
effects
à
triggering/exacerba)ons

5. Air
pollu)on
affects
en)re
popula)ons
¥ Suscep)ble
popula)on
is
growing
2004
¥ Aging
popula)on
¥ Increasing
obesity,
diabetes
rates
¥ Effects
observed
in
children
¥ Lung
development
2009
¥ Asthma
exacerba)ons
¥ Even
very
small
increases
associated
with
disease
and
death
Obesity
in
MN

6. AQI:
Number
of
unhealthy
air
days
in
MN
Source:
MN
Pollu)on
Control
Agency

7. Popula)ons
at
risk :
es)mated
numbers
Duluth
MN-­‐WI
es8mates
Total
popula)on
235,600
Children
under
18
47,900
Adults
65+
37,100
Pediatric
asthma
3,300
Adult
asthma
14,000
Chronic
bronchi)s
8,300
Emphysema
3,900
Cardiovascular
65,400
Diabetes
13,600
Source:
ALA
State
of
the
Air
2012

8. Improving
air,
preven)ng
deaths
¥ BenMAP
modeled
MN
(2006)
predic)ons
¥ Air
quality
improvement
5
scenarios
¥ Es)mated
number
of
prevented
deaths
78
(MSP
metro)
¥ Scenario:
10%
reduc)on
in
PM2.5
concentra)ons
4
Source:
CDC
Environmental
Public
Health
Tracking

9. Air
pollu)on
and
health
research
in
MN
¥ Method
development
project
using
local
data
¥ Develop
methods
for
local
area
analyses
¥ Track
health
effects
associated
with
changes
in
air
quality
¥ PM2.5
concentra)ons
¥ Hospitaliza)ons
and
deaths
(respiratory,
cardiovascular)
¥ 2003-­‐2009
data
¥ MSP
metro
and
Olmsted
County

10. Air
pollu)on
and
health
research
in
MN
¥ Associa)ons
found
in
the
MSP
metro
for
PM2.5
and
respiratory
hospitaliza)ons
Hospitaliza8ons
Amount
aOributable
to
PM2.5
in
2003-­‐2009
Percent
#
hosp.
per
year
Total
respiratory
1.9%
224
COPD
+
asthma
2.3%
110
Asthma
2.3%
54

11. MN
air
pollu)on
reduc)on
ini)a)ves
¥ Minnesota
Emissions
Reduc)on
Project
(MERP)
¥ Diesel
retrofits
¥ School
buses;
heavy
duty
public
vehicles
¥ Project
Green
Fleet
¥ Other
local
ini)a)ves
¥ An)-­‐idling
ordinances
¥ Go
Greener
Ini)a)ve
(Met
Council)
¥ Na)onal
ini)a)ves
¥ Ultra
Low
Sulfur
Diesel
Fuel
Rule
¥ Heavy
Duty
Diesel
Regula)ons
¥ Transport
Rule

12. Source:
MN
Pollu)on
Control
Agency

13. MN
air
pollu)on
health
impacts
over
)me
¥ MSP
metro:
decline
in
resp.
hosp.
aBributable
to
PM2.5
Amount
aOributable
to
PM2.5
Hospitaliza8ons
Time
period
Percent
#
hosp./yr
Total
respiratory
2003-­‐2005
3.0%
354
2006-­‐2007
2.6%
309
2008-­‐2009
-­‐-­‐
-­‐-­‐
COPD
+
asthma
2003-­‐2005
3.3%
154
2006-­‐2007
2.9%
140
2008-­‐2009
-­‐-­‐
-­‐-­‐
Asthma
2003-­‐2005
3.8%
92
2006-­‐2007
-­‐-­‐
-­‐-­‐
2008-­‐2009
-­‐-­‐
-­‐-­‐

14. Summary
¥ Air
pollu)on
affects
health
even
at
low
levels
¥ Air
pollu)on
affects
en)re
popula)ons
¥ A
growing
number
of
Minnesotans
more
suscep)ble
to
air
quality
impacts
BUT…
¥ MN
has
been
making
improvements
in
air
quality
¥ Con)nued
efforts
will
lead
to
a
healthier
MN

15. Project
Team
MN
Dept.
of
Health
MN
Pollu8on
Control
Agency
Olmsted
Medical
Center
Jean
Johnson
Greg
PraO
Barbara
Yawn
Chuck
Stroebel
Kari
Palmer
Peter
Wollan
Allan
Williams
Margaret
McCourtney
Naomi
Shinoda
Cassie
McMahon
Wendy
Brunner
Lisa
Herschberger
Paula
Lindgren
Measuring
the
Impact
of
Fine
Par)cles:
hBp://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/hpcd/cdee/airquality.html