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Similar a Pathways to cleaner energy (20)
Pathways to cleaner energy
- 1. © Chevron 2005 1
Pathways to Cleaner Energy
Eve S. Sprunt
Chevron
Manager University Partnership Program
- 2. © Chevron 2005 2
The New Energy
Equation
• Rising Demand
• Shrinking Capacity
• Political Turmoil
- 3. © Chevron 2005 3
Mike Lynch’s comparison
of oil price forecasts with
actual oil prices
- 5. © Chevron 2005 5
Conventional
Resources
Gas Hydrates
Extra Heavy Oil
Bitumen
Oil Shale
Stranded Natural Gas
Gas Shale
Where Will Future Energy Come From?
- 7. © Chevron 2005 7
In Times of Emergency,
Energy is the Currency of Survival
- 9. © Chevron 2005 9
• Global climate change
• Easy oil growing scarce
• Peak oil − Fact or myth?
• Increasing barriers to accessing resources
• Energy security: Mounting concerns
Issues Overload:
More Questions Than Answers
- 10. © Chevron 2005 10
Emissions Progress
1970 Today
One 1970 car polluted as much as 33 of today’s cars
=
- 11. © Chevron 2005 11
Hydrogen
Gasoline
Energy Density
Hydrogen needs 3,500 times
the volume of gasoline *
* At room temperature-pressure
- 12. © Chevron 2005 12
Hydrogen: Promises and Pitfalls
• Scarce in elemental
form in nature
• Many possible ways to
generate hydrogen
• Difficult to transport
and store
- 13. © Chevron 2005 13
Biomass
Organic Waste
Wood
Geothermal
Wave
Wind
Hydro
Solar
Nuclear
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Coal
Crude Oil
Reformer
Gasifier
Gasifier
Gasifier
Gasifier
Gasifier
Electric Power Plant
Generator
Generator
Generator
Photo-voltaic
Electric Power Plant
Electrolyzer
Hydrogen
Hydrogen: Diverse Sources
- 14. © Chevron 2005 14
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
CarbonDioxideEmissions*
0
5.6
11.2
16.8
22.4
28.0
33.6
Diesel
Conventional
Engines
Hybrid
Hydrogen Versus the Hybrids
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell
Vehicles
*
kg/100 km CO2 equivalent; total fuel cycle basis
†
Hydrogen from natural gas
15% gasoline, 85% ethanol by volume. Net CO2 shown depends on feedstock and processing used.
Gasoline
CNG
Hydrogen
†
Hybrid
Gasoline
Hybrid
Diesel
Hybrid
Hydrogen
†
Hybrid
† with
Sequestration
Hybrid
†
Renewable
Hydrogen
Bio-Ethanol
(E85)
Range
- 15. © Chevron 2005 15
Geotherm
al
4%
Solar
0.2%
Wind
3%
Wood/
Biomass
3%
Municipal
Solid
Waste
6%
Hydro-
electric
84%
U.S. Electricity in 2002
3,650 Billion kWh
Source: EIA, 2004 Annual Energy Outlook
- 16. © Chevron 2005 16
• Strengthens energy
diversity
• Yields ultra-low sulfur
diesel fuel
• Preserves diesel’s green
house gas and km/L
advantages
Gas-to-Liquids
- 17. © Chevron 2005 17
Sequestration: High Potential for
Energy Security/Environmental Gains
• Many countries have large coal reserves
• CO2 Sequestration:
A critical element
in clean-coal
strategy?
- 18. © Chevron 2005 18
Solar Tradeoffs:
Chevron’s
Bakersfield Story
• 4,800 panels
• 2.43 hectare of land
• Provides less
than 1% of
field’s energy
- 19. © Chevron 2005 19
Challenges
• Provide energy for global economy
• Reduce environmental impact
• Increase energy security
- 21. © Chevron 2005
05/31/05 Sigworth G050244-Scenarios.ppt
21
Just as the Stone age did not end because of
shortage of stones, the oil era will not end because
we ran out of oil. It will end when a better
alternative emerges. Sheikh Yamani