2. FEATURES OF
ISLAMIC
CIVILIZATION

3. FEATURES OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
Submitted by:
Farooq Akbar
S/2010/634
M.Mubashir
S/2010/607
Submitted to:
Tariq Hussain
M.T.E:
4th semester

4. Table of contents:
• Definition of civilization and feature
• Traits of civilization
• Difference between Islamic and modern
civilization
• Important questions about Islamic
civilization
• Islamic cities
• Religion
• Social classes
• Art and architecture etc.

5. Meaning of civilization
• Civilization comes from the latten word
civil which means “universal”.
Madana:
The establishment of a city.
Darcy Rabario:
Expansion of a city and its effects to its
surroundings.

6. Sum-up
Civilization means achievements ,growth,
movement, thinking, manner that forms a
well-mannered personality and society that
shape a country.

7. What is civilization?
Civilization is a place where they have had
a organized form of leadership and ways
to represent and record themselves.
They have a government to lead. writing
to record what happened art and
architecture to show there culture and
religion to show that what they believe in.
Continue....

8. What is civilization?
They also have different social classes
and they learned, each person should have
job they specialize in.
They also have marked in places called
where a lot of people live and trade in.

9. Meaning of feature
Features ?
Prominent aspect of something.
“The map showed road and other
features”.
Definition :
Feature, characteristic, peculiarity refer
to a distinctive trait of an individual or of a
class. Feature suggests an outstanding or
marked property that attracts attention

10. Basic traits of civilization
• Cities
• Religion
• Social classes
• Arts and architecture
• Organized central government
• Job specialization
• Writing
• Public works

11. Difference between Islamic and western civilization
Islamic civilization Western civilization
Sources of civilization Al-QURAN & AS- SUNNAH Logical thinking
and central values Balance between Rational explanation
physical and spiritual
elements of human
World view Extremism, Always right
Terrorism Trustworthy
Technologically Technologically advance
Out dated

12. Cities
• MECCA was the most important trade
center in Arabia. It was dominated by the
powerful tribe of the Quraysh.

13. THE KAABA:
Mecca was also the location
of the shrine known as the
Kaaba, founded according
to Arab tradition by Abraham
a. For centuries people from
all over Arabia had made
pilgrimages to Mecca to visit
the Kaaba.

14. Religion
• Islam- submission to the will of Allah
• Allah- one true God
• Muhammad(P.B.U.H)- prophet
• Mecca- holy place
• Mosque- holy establishment
• Koran or Qur’an- holy book

15. Life of Muhammad(P.B.U.H)
• EARLY LIFE:
Muhammad(P.B.U.H) was
born in 570 to a
respectable though not
wealthy or powerful clan of
the Quraysh tribe. His
father died before he was
born, his mother shortly
afterward, leaving
Muhammad(P.B.U.H)
under the care of his
grandparents and uncle.

16. CARAVAN TRADE: LIKE MANY YOUNG
MECCANS, HE ENTERED THE CARAVAN
TRADE. BY THE TIME HE WAS 30, HE HAD
A REPUTATION FOR COMPETENCE AND
HONESTY, AND SO BECAME FINANCIAL
ADVISER TO A WEALTHY QURAYSH
WIDOW,

17. MARRIAGE:
Although older than
Muhammad(P.B.U.H),
Khadija became his
wife in 596, and they
had a loving marriage
until her death. She
bore him three sons
(all died in
childhood) and four
girls (all
survived). Only one
daughter, Fatima, lived
after him.

18. THE REVELATIONS:
A man of spiritual insight, Muhammad
(P.B.U.H)
received in 610 the first of many
revelations that commanded him to teach
all people a new faith that called for:
Belief in one God, Allah

19. FLIGHT TO MEDINA:
At this point, citizens from
Medina, a smaller trading
community was in trouble,
asked Muhammad(P.B.U.H)
to become their leader. The
journey from Mecca to
Medina is called the Hijra
and the event was seen as
so important that 622 is the
year in which the Islamic
calendar begins.

20. UNITY:
In Medina,
Muhammad(P.B.U.H)
gathered around him a
large community of
believers. This group
was to become the
foundation of the Islamic
state. The faith for blood
ties was able to unite
rival Arab tribes and
bring about political
unity.

21. MUHAMMAD’S(P.B.U.H)
TEACHING
People were asked to
surrender completely
to Allah, the one true
God.
Those who
surrendered became
Muslims and joined the
umma muslima – a
new kind of community

22. FAITH
PRAYER
ALMSGIVING
FASTING
The Five Pillars of Islam
PILGRIMAGE

23. THE QURAN-E-PAK
• When Muhammad(P.B.U.H)
communicated God’s teaching to his
followers, he always insisted that he was
transmitting a direct, verbal revelation and
not offering his own interpretation. That
revelation came in the form of “recitations”
that make up the Quran, the scriptures of
Islam. They are arranged into 114 Suras,
or chapters.

24. THE SUNNA
After the prophet’s death, his followers compiled
collections called the sunna, the “good practice”
(i.e., the words and customs of
Muhammad(P.B.U.H) himself.)
Included are the sayings of the prophet and the
comments he made about how God’s
revelation was to be understood and applied.

25. JIHAD:
Muslim warriors
believed they were
engaged in a holy
war (jihad) to
spread Islam to
nonbelievers and
that those who died
in the jihad were
assured a place in
paradise.

26. ISLAM TODAY
Judaism, 0.22%
Sikhism, 0.36%
Other, 4%
Buddhism, 6%
Chinese Traditional,
6% Christianity, 33%
Primal-Indigenous,
6%
Hinduism, 14%
Non-Religious, 16% Islam, 21%

27. Islamic society
• Ulama- religious leader
• Qadi- judge
• Madrasa- special school
• Jihad- holy war
• Dar-al-Islam- House of Islam
• Dar-Al- Harb - House of War

28. ISLAMIC CULTURE
• CULTURAL INTEGRATION: In the 8th
and 9th centuries, under the
Abbasid caliphs, Muslim civilization
entered its golden age.
– Islamic civilization creatively
integrated Arabic, , Persian, and
Indian cultural traditions.
– During the Early Middle Ages,
when learning was at a low
point in western Europe, the
Muslims preserved the
philosophical and scientific
heritage of the ancient world.

29. Islamic Art
PICS
Calligraphy
 Rugs
 Literature
 Music
 Miniatures
 Architecture

30. Islamic art and architecture
 Mosque, Madrasah, Palace, Fort, House
 No evidence that early Muslim artists ever thought of their work as
Islamic.
 No dominant style or influence that defines Islamic art.
 The most striking feature is the focus on interior space as opposed to the
outside .
 Feeling of weightlessness - presence of water: fountains, pools, etc -- a
Paradise on earth.

31. Islamic art and architecture

32. The blue mosque Istanbul

33. ORGANIZED CENTRAL GOVERNAMENT
• Caliphate
• System of government
• Head is called ‘caliph’

34. DEFENDER OF THE FAITH
• After Muhammad(P.B.U.H),s death in 632,
his friend and father-in-law, Abu Bakr,
became his successor, or caliph.
• Regarded as the defender of the faith,
whose power derived from Allah, the
caliph governed in accordance with
Muslim law as defined by the “Quran”.

35. Job specialization
• ECONOMIC COMPONENTS:
Bedouins
Farmers
Traders

36. BEDOUINS
(nomadic
pastoralists)
provided for their own
needs with:
Herds of sheep &
goats
Small-scale trading in
towns
Regular trades on one
another and on
caravans.

37. FARMERS:
Some farmers worked
the land, but in many
areas soils were too
poor and rain was too
infrequent to support
agriculture.

38. TRADERS: CITIES SUPPORTED TRADERS WHO
CARRIED LUXURY GOODS (SPICES, PERFUMES)
FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION AND
SOUTHERN ARABIA ALONG CARAVAN ROUTES
TO THE CITIES OF THE EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN. THESE TRADERS FORMED THE
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ELITE OF ARABIA,
AND THEY LED THE TRIBES.

39. Islamic calligraphy/ writing
calligraphy, is the artistic
practice of handwriting, or
calligraphy, and by extension,
of bookmaking, in the lands
sharing a common Islamic
cultural heritage. This art
form is based on the
Arabic script, which for a long
time was used by all Muslims
in their respective languages.

40. Islamic calligraphy/ writing

41. Public works, contributions
Agriculture- domestication of sheep
Industry- collected diff. techniques of material
construction
Trade- issued receipts, checks, and letters of
credit
Physics- process of sight
The Canon of Medicine, a school of medicine
Chemistry- alchemy
Math and Astronomy, movement of stars and
planets.