FIBIC Seminar 20.11.2013

1. Pyrolysis oil
Kasperi Karhapää
FIBIC –seminar
20.11.2013, Fortum
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2. Titles
1) Why Fortum decided to produce
pyrolysis oil
2) How pyrolysis oil is produced
3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics
4) Where to use pyrolysis oil
5) Future visions
6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis
oil
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3. 1) Why Fortum decided to produce pyrolysis oil
Future energy system is based on emission free and inexhaustible energy sources
Intermediate goal on the way towards solar power is
the use of biomass – in solid, liquid and gas form
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4. Why pyrolysis oil is Fortum’s selection
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Fast pyrolysis is one of the most cost efficient ways to liquefy biomass
Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form
Helps to decrease CO2 – emissions, SOx emissions
Pyrolysis oil production is integrated into CHP-power plant. Benefits of integrating
include:
– Increase in CHP-plant’s utilization rate
– Complete utilization of by-products in energy production
– Combined raw material and fuel purchase, combined control room operations
• Yearly production is 50 000 tons of pyrolysis oil
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5. Pyrolysis oil is bioenergy in a dense form
© OECD/IEA 2012 (Anselm Eisentraut, Jönköping 30.5.2012)
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6. 2) Production of pyrolysis oil
CHP –boiler integrated
process
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7. 3) Pyrolysis oil characteristics
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Sulphur ’free’
Acidic, pH 2‒3
Viscosity between HFO and LFO
Lower Heating Value 13-18 MJ/kg
(LHV)
• Water content 20-35 p-%
• Flash point 40-110 °C
• Density 1.1-1.3 kg/l
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Source: VTT

8. 4) Where to use pyrolysis oil
• Replace HFO
– In Finland about 400–600 heat boilers use HFO or
LFO as main fuel.
– Environmental norms for <50 MW boilers tightening
(PINO –norms)
• Especially sulphur limits make the use of HFO more
difficult in the future
– Switching a heating boiler from HFO to pyrolysis oil
requires relatively small investment
• In the future
– Refining – requires scientific work
– Diesel engines
– Gas turbines
– Co-firing
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9. 5) Future visions
Biooil
Separate
Upgrade
Boiler
Gasify
Reform
Engine
Synthesis
Turbine
Heat
Electricity
Transportation Fuels
Lähde: Biomass Pyrolysis, IEA Task 34 Booklet
Hydrogen
Chemicals

10. 6) “Broad” sustainability of pyrolysis oil
Raw material
• Renewable wood
– Harvesting residues, saw dust, wood from energy
thinnings
• Sustainably produced
– Sustainability controlled with sustainability system
Total efficiency in integrated concept
• Increased total efficiency of the existing CHP-plants
• Complete utilization of pyrolysis oil production byproducts in energy production
• Pyrolysis oil use in existing heating boilers
Green “addings”
• Pyrolysis oil is green fuel for the heating boilers
• Decreasing SOx emissions
• Increased green electricity production in the
integrated concept
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11. Thank you!
Kasperi Karhapää
Head of pyrolysis and business development
kasperi.karhapaa@fortum.com
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