The document provides information about Earth's interior layers, plate tectonics, geological time, fossils, and geological maps. It does this through a series of multiple choice questions and explanations about these topics. Key points covered include the order of Earth's layers from center to surface, properties of the mantle and core, types of plate boundaries and associated landforms, principles of geological time such as superposition, types of fossils and what they reveal, and interpreting topographical maps.

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Geologic
Record I
Earth’s
Interior
Plate
Tectonics
CD, SFS,
and Topo
Maps
Fossils
Geologic
Record II
100
200
300
400
500
600

3. D
Which correctly names the EarthWhich correctly names the Earth’s layers’s layers
from the center to the circumference?from the center to the circumference?
A. outer core, inner core,
mantle, crust
B. crust, mantle, outer core,
inner core
C. crust, mantle, inner core,
outer core
D. inner core, outer core,
mantle, crust
Earth’s Interior 100

4. The part of the Earth that is
liquid is the ____.
A. crust
B. mantle
C. outer core
D. inner core
C
Earth’s Interior 200

5. Earth’s continental crust
is ___ than oceanic crust.C
A. thinner and denser
B. thicker and denser
C. thicker and less dense
D. thinner and less dense
Earth’s Interior 300

6. Scientists think the EarthScientists think the Earth’s outer’s outer
core is made mostly of _____.core is made mostly of _____.
A A. liquid iron and nickel.
B. granite.
C. basalt.
D. solid iron and nickel.
Earth’s Interior 400

7. The mantle’s convection currents give it a
quality that can be described as ___.
A A. plasticity.
B. liquid.
C. fluidity.
D. solidity.
Earth’s Interior 500

8. Scientists think that the inner core spinsScientists think that the inner core spins
within the outer core slightly fasterwithin the outer core slightly faster
than the planet spins. This causesthan the planet spins. This causes
___.___.
C
A. the Earth to tilt on its axis.
B. gravitational pull.
C. the Earth’s magnetic field.
D. the tides to ebb and flow.
Earth’s Interior 600

9. Which is incorrect?Which is incorrect?
A A. Divergent boundaries cause
volcanoes.
B. Transform boundaries cause
earthquakes and faulting.
C. Trenches and volcanoes are
formed along convergent
boundaries due to subduction.
D. Our tallest mountains form when
continental crust collides.
Plate Tectonics 100

10. Which is a tool used to understand EarthWhich is a tool used to understand Earth’s’s
physical boundaries?physical boundaries?
C
A. thermal contractions
B. magnetic reversal
C. seismic waves
D. sea-floor spreading
Plate Tectonics 200

11. Plate Tectonics 300
Name the boundary type and landform
result along the North American and
Eurasian Plates.
B
A.A. Convergent - trenches and volcanoesConvergent - trenches and volcanoes
B.B. Divergent - ridgesDivergent - ridges
C.C. Transform - faultsTransform - faults
D.D. Oceanic to oceanic collision - volcanicOceanic to oceanic collision - volcanic
mountainsmountains

12. The Ring of Fire is known for volcanic activity. WhichThe Ring of Fire is known for volcanic activity. Which
of the following is the result of plate movement inof the following is the result of plate movement in
this area?this area?
D
A. faulting
B. uplift
C. ridges
D. subduction
Plate Tectonics 400

13. Which is NOT a possible driving force ofWhich is NOT a possible driving force of
plate tectonics?plate tectonics?
C
A. slab pull
B. ridge push
C. magnetic pull
D. convection
Plate Tectonics 500

14. When marine fossils are found onWhen marine fossils are found on
mountain tops, scientists can concludemountain tops, scientists can conclude
that ___.that ___.
C
A. the position of the rock layers has not
changed over time.
B. glaciers moved over that area and
deposited them there.
C. these rocks were once on the sea-floor
and were pushed up due to plate
movement.
D. eroded sediments from the sea-floor were
Plate Tectonics 600

15. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps 100
D
A. Harry Hess
B. James Hutton
C. Ernest Rutherford
D. Alfred Wegener
Name the scientist who believed the Earth’s
land was joined in one supercontinent called
Pangaea.

16. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps 200
At a divergent boundary, pieces ofAt a divergent boundary, pieces of
oceanic crust move away from eachoceanic crust move away from each
other forming a ridge. This isother forming a ridge. This is
commonly called ____.commonly called ____.
A. a trench.
B. sea-floor spreading.
C. lava flow.
D. the Ring of Fire.
B

17. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps 300
Which of the following is NOTWhich of the following is NOT
evidence that supports continentalevidence that supports continental
drift?drift?
A. magnetic stripes
B. fossils
C. landforms
D. climate
A

18. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps
400
If a stream was present on this map, in
which direction would it flow?
D
a. North
b. East
c. South
d. West

19. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps 500
Which location is at theWhich location is at the lowest elevation?lowest elevation?
A. Fuego
B. Meseta
C.
Acatenango
D. Yepocapa
B

20. CD, SFS, and Topo Maps
600
Which is an accurateWhich is an accurate
interpretation of thisinterpretation of this
map??map??B
A. There is about 1,000
feet of elevation
change on this map.
B. Streams A and A
merge into B.
C. The contour lines on
the mountainside show
a steep grade.
D. Stream B splits into
streams A and A.

21. Which is NOT a correct fossil type and definition?Which is NOT a correct fossil type and definition?
B A. petrification - minerals in water
replace matter creating stone
B. mold - forms on an organism after
is dies
C. cast - a fossil that has the same
shape as the organism that made it
D. imprint - molds of thin objects
Fossils 100

22. Which part of an organism is most likely toWhich part of an organism is most likely to
fossilize?fossilize?
B
Fossils 200
A. skin
B. shell
C. hair
D. footprint

23. Fossils are important because theyFossils are important because they
help scientists determine _____.help scientists determine _____.
B A. the actual age of a rock layer.
B. the relative age of each rock
layer.
C. how the rocks in that geologic
column formed.
D. where igneous intrusions are
located.
Fossils 300

24. Coprolite is an important fossil because it ____.Coprolite is an important fossil because it ____.
C
Fossils 400
A. accurately identifies the
animal that left it.
B. shows the specific location of
where the animal lived.
C. provides valuable
information about the habits
and diet of the animal that
left it.
D. helps scientists accurately

25. Which of these does NOT preserve anWhich of these does NOT preserve an
animal as a fossil?animal as a fossil?
C
Fossils 500
A. amber
B. tar
C. cast
D. ice

26. Why do only a small percent of animalsWhy do only a small percent of animals
become fossils?become fossils?
C A. They were on the top of the
food chain.
B. They lived near water.
C. They had a hard body
covering.
D. They lived in warm
climates.
Fossils 600

27. The principle of superposition states that ___.The principle of superposition states that ___.
D
Geologic Record I 100
A. the geologic processes that
shaped the Earth long ago are
still shaping the Earth today.
B. rock layers can be missing due
to unknown events.
C. it is possible to find the actual
age of the rocks.
D. the younger rocks are found
above older rocks in most cases.

28. Geologic change can be all of the followingGeologic change can be all of the following
except ___.except ___.
A
Geologic Record I 200
A. erratic
B. uniform
C. sudden
D. gradual

29. The Paleozoic Era is know as ___.The Paleozoic Era is know as ___.
BB
Geologic Record I 300
A. the Age of Reptiles
B. Old Life
C. the Age of Fossils
D. the Age of Mammals

30. An asteroid impact represents ___ inAn asteroid impact represents ___ in
EarthEarth’s history.’s history.
CC
Geologic Record I 400
A. the principle of superposition
B. the geologic time scale
C. catastrophism
D. erosion

31. A
Geologic Record I 500
The wavy line in the diagram represents ___.
A. an unconformity
B. a fault
C. uniform sedimentary rock formation
D. igneous intrusion

32. The survival of a species is threatened ifThe survival of a species is threatened if
____.____.
D
Geologic Record I 600
A. environmental change is
gradual.
B. the species can adapt to new
environmental changes.
C. the species can successfully
reproduce.
D. an environmental change is
dramatic.

33. Geologic Record II 100
In which era did humans first appear?
A. Precambrain
B. Cenozoic
C. Paleozoic
D. Mesozoic
B

34. Geologic Record II 200
In which era did dinosaurs first appear?
D
A. Precambrain
B. Cenozoic
C. Paleozoic
D. Mesozoic

35. Geologic Record II 300
Describe H.
A. igneous intrusion
B. fault
C. uniform layer of sedimentary rock
D. unconformity
A

36. Geologic Record II 400
When did faulting occur?
A. After M formed.
B. After the first 2 layers formed.
C. After the igneous intrusion.
D. Before the igneous intrusion.
D

37. Geologic Record II 500
Which is the correct order of events from oldest to youngest?
A. R
H
M
FAU
LT
F
B
C
B. I
H
B
F
FAU
LT
M
D. H
I
B
F
FAU
LT
M
C. I
B
F
FAU
LT
M
H

38. Geologic Record II 600
The following effects could be the result of ___.
•Worldwide fires and debris in the air block sunlight,
cooling the planet.
•The food chain collapses due to lack of plants.
•50% of all life on the planet dies.
A. an ice age.
B. glacial movement.
C. carbon emissions.
D. extreme volcanic activity.
D