1. Midterm Review
December 2013

2. 1. Where does the energy to fuel food webs
come from?
A. Producers
B. Sunlight
C. The Atmosphere
D. Consumers

3. For ecosystems,
the major source
of energy is sunlight.
Energy entering
ecosystems as sunlight
is transferred by producers
into chemical energy through
photosynthesis. That energy then passes
from organism to organism in food webs.

4. 2. Draw a food pyramid with 3 levels and
label the organisms in each one.
A.
Secondary
Consumers
B.
Primary
Consumers
Producers
Primary
Consumers
C.
Primary
Consumers
Secondary
Consumers
Producers
Secondary
Consumers
Producers
D.
Producers
Primary
Consumers
Secondary
Consumers

5. 3. How do decomposers benefit an ecosystem?
A. an organism that gets fuel from the breaking down
of organic material
B. an animal in the food chain that eats other
animals or meat for food
C. an animal in the food chain that eats grass and
other plants for food
D. an organism like a green plant and certain
bacteria that can produce their own fuel through
photosynthesis

7. 4. Define food web, food chain and energy pyramid.
Which is a network of many interconnected food
chains and feeding relationships?
A. Food web
B. Food chain
C. Energy pyramid
D. All of the above

8. 4. Define food web, food chain and energy pyramid.
Which is the sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain
nutrition?
A. Energy pyramid
B. Food web
C. Food chain
D. None of the above

9. A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition
The arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy
A network of many
food chains is called
a food web.

10. An energy pyramid is a graphical
model of energy flow in a
community. The different levels
represent different groups of
organisms that might compose a
food chain. From the bottom-up,
they are as follows:
Producers — use energy from the sun.
Primary consumers — eat the producers, which
makes them herbivores in most communities.
Secondary consumers — eat the primary consumers,
which makes them carnivores:
some eat producers and consumers, these are omnivores.
Tertiary consumers — eat the secondary consumers, these
are usually carnivores.

11. 5. List 3 limitations of a model.
Some limitations of a model are the
1) models are not alive,
2) models do not act exactly like the
object they model,
3) depending on the model could be
things like size, distance,
temperature, color, etc.

12. The bottom of the curve is called the _______
A. Volume
B. Cylinder
C. Watermark
D. Meniscus

13. 6.
Explain how you read the fluid in
graduated cylinder.
When measuring liquid
volume it is important
to read the graduated
cylinder correctly. Your
eye should be level
with the top of the
liquid and you should
read the bottom of the
curve.

14. 7.
What are the main objects in our Solar System?
A. stars, 8 planets, 5+ dwarf planets,
asteroids, and comets
B. planets, dwarf planets, moons,
asteroids, and comets
C. 1 star, 8 planets, 5+ dwarf planets,
many moons, asteroids, and comets
D. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

15. 8.
What is the
differenceIs Pluto a a
between Planet?
Planet and a dwarf
planet?
A. It orbits around the Sun.
B. It has sufficient mass for its self-gravity so
that it assumes a spherical shape.
C. It has cleared the neighborhood around its
orbit.

16. 9.
Describe the process of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process of converting
light energy to chemical energy and storing it
in the bonds of glucose. This process occurs
in plants and some algae. Plants need only
light energy, CO2, and H2O to make glucose.
6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) yields C6H12O6 + 6O2

17. Describe the process of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process in which
living organisms, most typically plants
(but also algae), use sunlight to convert
carbon dioxide and water into organic
material (i.e., carbohydrates) that is used
for sustenance. Photosynthesis occurs
in organelles called chloroplasts. The
byproduct of this process is oxygen.
Ox
yg
en
9.

18. 10. Why are plants green?
A. Chloroplasts
B. Turgor Pressure
C. Chlorophyll
D. Photosynthesis
Green plants are green because they contain a pigment
called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is found in the
chloroplasts of plants.

19. 11. Why do plants always grow up?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phototropism
Geotropism
Both of the above
Neither of the above

20. 12. What is work?
Work is applying a force to an object and the object
moving in the direction the force is applied.
Ex. When you apply an upward force to a box and
move the box upward you have done work.
However, once you start walking with that box, the
box is moving forward but you are applying
the force upwards, so you are not doing work.
The force and motion must be in the same direction.

21. 12. How do you calculate work?
Work = Force x Distance
W=Fxd
•The SI Unit for force is Newton
•The SI Unit for distance is meter
•The SI Unit for work is Joule

22. 12. How do you calculate work?
A little girl applies a force of 2,550 newtons
to her dog that is sitting on her legs but is
unable to move him.
How much work does she do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2,550 J
255 J
25 J
0J

23. 12. How do you calculate work?
If it takes a force of 68 newtons to
move a chair 10 meters across the
room. How much work do you do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6,880 J
680 J
68.0 J
0J

24. 13. What should you do if someone in
your lab group breaks a piece of
equipment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
tell your lab partner
use it carefully anyway
use someone else’s equipment
tell the teacher

25. 14. What is this piece of equipment?
A. spring scale
C. Balance Scale
B. Triple beam balance
D. Balance

26. 14. A Triple Beam Balance measures
_________ in _________
A. grams in mass
A. force in Newtons
B. mass in grams
C. weight in grams

27. 15. What do the following instruments
measure and in what units?
Triple Beam Balance measures the mass of an object.
The unit of measurement is a
gram
Graduated Cylinder - used to
accurately measure the volume of a
liquid in ml. All are read by measuring
the lowest portion of the meniscus.

28. 15. What do the following instruments measure
and in what units?
Pipette -
is used to transfer small amounts
(< 1 ml) of liquids
1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Meter Stick -
The meter "Stick" measures distance, more
specifically it measures distance in units of meters.

29. 15. You can use a spring scale to
measure which of these?
A.
B.
C.
D.
liquids
volume
force
stress

30. 15. A spring scale uses which of the
following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
meters
Joules
Newtons
milliliter

31. 19. This picture is of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
graduated cylinders
test tubes
beakers
spring scales

32. Vocabulary You Should Know!
These are not in any particular
order and there may be a few
extra to help you!

33. 1. Ecosystems can be both large and small.
A. True
B. False

34. An ecosystem consists of a biological community
and its physical environment.
(All LIVING and NONLIVING)
•can be as small as a drop of water or
as large as a forest
•some (like caves) have clear boundaries,
others (like forests) do not
•provides the organisms that live in it what
they need to survive: food (energy),
water and shelter
•runs on energy from the sun
•energy moves through the food web

35. 2.
an organism that makes its own
food/fuel through the process of
photosynthesis.
A.Consumer
A.Producer
B.Herbivore
C.Heterotroph

36. 3.
What are the different types of weathering
A. Mechanical and Physical
B. Physical and Erosion
C. Mechanical and Chemical
D. Chemical and Erosion

37. mechanical – the physical break down of
rocks into smaller and smaller pieces.
Examples: abrasion, ice wedging,
plants and animals
chemical – the chemical break down of
rocks and minerals into new substances.
Examples: water, acid in
precipitation, acid in ground
water, acid in living things.

38. 4. an organism that must eat other
organisms in a food chain for fuel.
A.consumer
B.Producer
C.Ecosystem
D.autotroph

39. 5. An opening in the Earth’s crust where lava,
ash and gases come out. A mountain that
forms when molten rock is forced to the
Earth’s surface.
A. Canyon
B. Magma Chamber
C. Volcano
D. Mountain

40. 6.
an animal in the food chain that only
eats other animals.
A. Consumer
B. Carnivore
C. Herbivore
D. Decomposer

41. 7.
an animal in the food chain that only
eats grass and other plants.
Carnivore
Decomposer
All of the Above
None of the Above

42. 8.
pressure exerted by water inside the
cell on the cell wall.
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast Pressure
Turgor Pressure
Water Pressure

43. 9. an animal in the food chain that
consumes both plants and other organisms.
Autotroph
Omnivore
All of the Above
None of the Above

44. 10. an organism that gets fuel from the
breaking down of organic material.
Producer
Herbivore
Decomposer
None of the Above

45. 11. the process by where rock, soil, and
sediment are moved from one location to
another by natural forces such as wind,
water, and ice.
A. Mechanical
Weathering
B. Physical Weathering
C. Erosion
D. Deposition

47. 12. a push or pull.
A. Newton
B. Force
C. Joule
D. None of the above

48. 13. the breaking down of rocks into smaller
and smaller pieces but the pieces remain in
the same place.
A. Mechanical Weathering
B. Physical Weathering
C. Weathering
D. None of the Above

49. 14. a community of organisms and their
abiotic (nonliving) environment.
ecoregion
region
ecosystem
ecology

50. 15. the laying down or accumulation of rock,
soil and sediment after it has been
moved from another location by natural
forces.
A. Mechanical Weathering
A. Physical Weathering
B. Erosion
C. Deposition

51. Definitions
• Consumer (Heterotroph) – an organism
that must eat other organism in a food
chain for fuel
• Producer (Autotroph) – an organism like a
green plant and certain bacteria that can
produce their own fuel through
photosynthesis
• Decomposer – an organism that gets fuel
from the breaking down of organic material

52. • Ecosystem consists of a biological
community and its physical environment.
(All LIVING and NONLIVING)
• Earthquake - shaking and vibration at
the surface of the earth resulting from
underground movement along a fault
plane or from volcanic activity
• Volcano – an opening in the earths crust
in which molten lava, ash, and gases are
ejected

53. • Carnivore – an animal in the food chain
that eats other animals or meat for food
• Herbivore – an animal in the food chain
that eats grass and other plants for food
• Omnivore– an animal in the food chain
that consumes both plants and other
organisms.

54. • Weathering - the breakdown of rock into
smaller pieces by natural processes
• Erosion - process by which wind and
water move sediment from one place to
another
• Deposition – the process of laying down
or the accumulation of rock, soil and
sediment after it has been moved from
one place to another

55. • Photosynthesis – a process used by
plants to change light energy captured by
the sun to chemical energy that can be
used as fuel
• Turgor Pressure – pressure exerted by
water inside the cell on the cell wall
• Force – is a push or pull. Unbalanced
force causes motion.

56. • Rotation – the spinning motion of a body,
such as a planet about an internal axis
• Revolution - The amount of time that
each planet takes to travel around the
sun. It is the length of a year on that
planet.

57. Phototropism- when a plants stem and
leaves grow towards the sunlight.
(positive phototropism)
Gravitropism or Geotropism- when
roots grow towards the center of Earth
(positive gravitropism)
Ex. Roots show positive geotropism
Stems show negative geotropism

58. Hydrotropism
is a change in the growth of a plant in
response to water.
planet – an object orbiting a star that is
large enough to be rounded, or shaped,
by its own gravitational force and has
cleared it’s orbital neighborhood..