Energy

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir
When and Where do you
think lies the milestone when
the ever more affordable
alternative energy sources
will be more affordable than
the ever more expensive fossil
fuels.
Wake up to be advised that
such a day was folded into
history while you were
seeking profit elsewhere.
Spending
Energy is
Fun.
Spend it!
Allah does not punish you for a crime you have not
committed.
Stop torturing yourself in the dark.
Stop burning your money.
1

Energysources and economics
By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 2

Seminar Objectives
• Appreciate current state of the energy market
in Pakistan.
• Identifying responsibilities of the consumer.
• Pointing to more cost effective sources of
energy in the market.
• Identify upcoming technologies and
opportunities.
• Discuss various energy sources separately.

Prevalent Pattern
• 86.2% from Fossil Fuels that are only to get more
and more expensive
• Electric supply (grid) offering an ever decreasing
uptime
• $6.7billion of foreign exchange being lost in
importing oil – each year
• Strategic dependency on imported fuel and
shipping lanes
• The psychological impact of knowing one is
damaging the environment for his/her children

0
1,000,000,000
2,000,000,000
3,000,000,000
4,000,000,000
5,000,000,000
6,000,000,000
7,000,000,000
8,000,000,000
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
Consequences
• Decreasing Demand Growth Rate!!!

Action

Reaction

Invitation
Mr. Bostan By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 12

Appreciating your requirement
• 1W=8.766kWh/yr.
• Your electricity bill lets you know how much
money you pay for how many kWhs.
• Your demand fluctuates, you can calculate
your maximum possible demand by summing
the power rating on all appliances.
• Before arranging for your electricity, you want
to eliminate pointless wastages such as loose
connections and magnet attracting wiring.

Typical Diurnal Variation in a Household’s Consumption

In the cooler localities...

Annual Variation

Energy Sources Discussed
• Prevalent
sources
• Solar
• Wind
• Ocean Current
• Ocean Thermal
• Geo Thermal
• Mist
• Artificial Rain
• Reduced Boiling
Point
• Nuclear Energy

SOLAR OPTIONS

Geographical
Availability

Assembly Types
• Solar Panels
– Electricity generation anywhere under the sun
• Sunlight Intensification
– Detour the cost of the panels, if there is room for
the heliostat
– Most cost effective means of heating
• Hybrid Installations – typically harnessing
wind AND solar energy

Solar 101
• At the smallest level, you would rather buy solar
cells rather than panels. This substantially
reduces cost and gives you options such as
making flexible panels: upon your clothes.
• Instead of crying about there being no sunlight at
night, consider how comfortable life would be if
your mobile phone recharged automatically.
Appreciate limitations, yet search for
applications.

Solar 102
• Solar water heaters are already quite
economically available in Pakistan and elsewhere.
Don’t try to compete with the economies of scale
of mass production – just buy the complete
product!
• If your choice of electricity for your premises is
solar.
– Double and triple check the geographical distribution
of solar energy.
– Hire an engineer for the acrylic Fresnel lens and
heliostat rather than bringing in truck loads of panels.

Liquid water / solution
(at pressure)
Steam / with any dust –
driving any turbine
DC electricity
Steam at pressure
pretty good at
cooking!
If this lens has to
get large, it also
has to be an un-
oriented wind
turbine!

Solar 103
• Larger installations should be hybrid – harnessing
Solar AND Wind/Mist.
• Automate tasks such as filling your rooftop water
tank to happen when the sun is at work.
• The high temperatures that you can achieve at
the focus of the lens mean that you can set up a
cottage industry – for example extracting oxidized
aluminum from soil.
• This is a global revolution. Even if you can’t save
yourself, someone else will!

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Average Sunlight in Karachi: hours per day: source BBC weather

Solar 104
• Let’s assume you consume 2000kWhs (ie
units) of electricity a month, and you install a
2400W solar electricity supply on your roof.
• In Karachi you will save an average of 596
kWhs (units) on your electricity bill.
• Your solar electricity supply cost you
Rs.48,000/- (plus human resource)

Solar 105
• You saved Rs. 7748/ a month in your
electricity bill: 16.14%/month.
• Ask your bank what it would have given you
on Rs. 48,000/-
• Should all consumers reduce their demand by
29.8% ‐ the country will have excess electricity
and no load shedding.
• Excess supply will force prices down

WIND OPTIONS

Geographical
Availability

Recent Improvements
• More wind at higher altitudes, modern wind
turbines are kites rather than towers.
• An Aziz Hussein in Township Lahore developed
turbine blades optimized for all wind speeds.
• A funnel type structure around the turbine
can adjust the wind speed across the blades to
give a consistent generation.
• NEPRA has taken over the “risk factor” of the
wind energy industry.

Wind Speed Control
Ability to increase and decrease the
radius of the funnel kind structure
means ability to increase / decrease
wind speed across the turbine!

From Aziz Hussein
Township Lahore

Kites
• KiteGen has begun selling around 20MW onto
the Italian grid.
• Dozens of other teams elsewhere reaching for
the energy from the sky.
• Electricity has become more affordable.
• Electricity has become relatively more affordable.
• This is the essence of this address: advise all
sleeping beauties of this stud that is yawning in
their vicinity.

The American attempt

Pakistani kites are exclusively being developed as
missile silos and for other military applications
As we have better energy sourcesBy Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir 51

OCEAN CURRENT

Geographical Distribution
• Kites, only heavier, tapping continuous or tidal
currents.
• Even more affordable than wind energy.

OCEAN THERMAL

Interesting Aspects
• Carnot cycle between ocean surface and
ocean bed.
• Cycles secondary product – distilled water,
cooling / air conditioning.
• Most aggressive air conditioning technology
known. Cool largest coastal city, while
generating both electricity AND fresh water.

Temperature Difference between
surface and Ocean bed

GEO THERMAL

Aspects
• Requires water (fresh, dirty, brackish, or sea)
as raw material.
• Carnot cycle between earth’s surface and
underlying hot crust.
• By-product steam/hot water/distilled water.
• Very cost effective and environment friendly
source of energy and fresh water.
• The default climate control tool when you
want to warm up a locality.

MIST

Introduction
• Achieve temperature difference by spraying
mist in air.
• Run a Carnot cycle between this temperature
difference.
• Hybridize with wind energy.
• Use directly to cool / pre-cool.

Mist
Low Pressure RegionTurbines Fans
Dynamo
Mist Energy Schematic

Suggested Prototype (for Karachi)
• 5gpm / 150 psi mist / average net 14.475kW
• Carnot efficiency and Karachi average weather
conditions (from BBC weather) used for
calculations.
• Minimum generation 3.89kW at midnight to 0600
hrs in August.
• Maximum generation 30.4kW at 1200 hrs to 1800
hrs in December.
• Cooling: a consistent 712kW, or a 203 ton AC.
• Consumes water: 316g/s.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
kW
Power Output
0 to 6
6 to 12
12 to 18
18 to 24

Remaining Specifications
• Radius 4.76m. Length 15m.
• Estimated cost, Rs. 300,000/- (~Rs. 20/W or
Rs.0.32/kWh) plus human resource
• Doesn’t get better than this…
• Energy Consuming Air Conditioners (203 ton) cost
way more.
• Compare with our grid’s distribution cost of Rs
0.50/kWh
• Taps Mist AND Wind Energy.

/ WIND HYBRID
Mist / Solar

Minimizing storage in a grid free small
enterprise
• Mist Turbine peak production comes with an
approximately π/2 phase lag as compared to
Solar.
• Distributing your investment in Solar/Wind
and Mist/Wind you should need only 6 hours
of storage.

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 to 6 6 to 12 12 to 18 18 to 24
kW
Daily Variation
Rs. 300,000 Mist/Wind Turbine
Rs. 300,000 Solar Electric Supply
Sum
76

By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
kW
Annual Variation
Mist
Solar
Total
77

ARTIFICIAL RAIN

Recent Developments
• A certain industrial process produces reduced
silica: as a waste product, with a grain
structure that leaves it as good as a flare: only
that this burned silicon then flies up to bring
down clouds!
• Rain can be started but not stopped: threat of
floods, use will remain limited to hilly areas
where there is no drainage issue.

Artificial Rain
• Technology not economically advisable in the
absence of over head clouds or in the
presence of strong winds.
• Considered the strongest climate control
technology: drop the clouds every sunset and
you will cool down your locality, drop them
only at dawn and you will heat up your
vicinity. The more cloud cover you have, the
more you control your climate.

Reduced Boiling Point
As a means of tapping evaporation
82By Mr. Bostan and Dr. Faisal Tajir

Concept
• Reduce the pressure above water, it will boil at
a much lower temperature.
• The water vapor introduced by the boiling can
leave the system via a filter: that only allows
monatomic molecules to pass through.

Valve to fill
water and
remove air
Monatomic tensile
membranes to let out
the vapor. Argon in
air (10mbar) leaks in
from here.
The pressure above
this water is greatly
reduced. It boils at a
much reduced
temperature: often
lower than the
ambient
temperature
Instead of utilizing the low
temperature of the water,
we can have the vapor
passing across turbines,
giving mechanical energy.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Average Vapor Pressure in Karachi (mbar)
0 to 6
6 to 12
12 to 18
18 to 24

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Reduced Boiling Point Karachi Celsius
0 to 6
6 to 12
12 to 18
18 to 24

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ambient Temperature Karachi Celsius
Average
Min
Max

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Maintainable Room Temperature in Karachi by RBP: Celsius

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
oC
RBP
Min
Average
Max

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ambient Temperature minus RBP: Celsius
0 to 6
6 to 12
12 to 18
18 to 24

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Pressure difference available: if temperature drop is compromised (mbar)
0 to 6
6 to 12
12 to 18
18 to 24

Best Solution (Electricity / Air
Conditioning) for the Apartment.
• For the entire year, can provide electricity to an
apartment that may not harness solar or wind
energy: nor has the space for a Mist Turbine. 18
hrs of storage will however be required.
• Does not eliminate but does reduce air
conditioning requirements: 34C down to 27C.
• Unlike Mist Energy, does not inflict any too low
temperatures in the winters. This superiority
could prove decisive.

AIR CONDITIONING

Air Conditioning as an Energy Source!
• Ambient Temperature changes diurnally.
• Insulation means that our buildings tend to
maintain the average inside them.
• This means that every day we may run a
Carnot cycle between the air in the room and
outside: while improving conditions in the
room!

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
oC
Monthly Average Temperatures for Karachi as per BBC weather
Average
Min
Max

• In the winter, we can run such a cycle in the
day, generating a small amount of electricity,
and heating up our cold dwelling.
• In the summer, we can run such a cycle every
night, generating a small amount of electricity,
and beating the heat in our rooms.

• A little mist turbine in the area will solve the
problem of some nights also being too hot.
• The amount of energy from such an
installation is going to be small, yet
hybridization with other energy sources
always results in the most cost effective air
conditioning AND lower cost for one’s
electricity.

BREEDER REACTORS

When the Sun is Not Enough
• Enormous growth potential of this family of
technologies needs to be appreciated.
• We cannot afford to suffice on fission based
detonation.
• We cannot afford to trust the government
that failed in Thar with such a task.
• The private technocrat will have to come
forward, develop: and then deploy the design
and technology.

GOVERNMENT

Government Level Recommendations
• Ocean bed water to air condition coastal
cities: fresh water and electricity as by
products.
• Geo Thermal Power Stations in permafrost
areas: melt the glaciers and permafrost.
• Mist and Rain also as climate control tools:
electricity as by product.

Government Level Recommendations
• Hydroelectric dams controlling the floods and
cashing in on the increased rains.
• Kites for military, law enforcement, and
communication.
• Waste to Energy plants.
• Breeder Reactors in cooler areas.
• When and if even more energy is required:
raise more kites.

BUSINESS

To the Investor
• Intensified sunlight is a distinct form of energy,
like heat and electricity, that is often best used
directly.
• Pakistan can best generate around 1.5-2TW of
Mist/Wind Energy. Solar will determine the price
of electricity in our foreseeable future: 160TW
capacity.
• Do not miss out on the cooling from OTEC and
Mist or the heating from Solar and GeoThermal.

CITIZEN

To the Citizen
• Ambient heat and dirty / saline water are not
things to complain about.
• No one not consuming solar energy is in any
position to complain about load shedding or
the economy.
• China is consuming ~360GW and the USA
~30TW: you are consuming around 20GW:
have to consume >160TW, you have a lot of
work to do: stop checking out the girls!

Know thy Enemy

Know thy Enemy
• Pakistan maintains the ability to sterilize India
while taking sustainable damage (Prithvi I is
India’s only in service strategic delivery vehicle).
• Pakistan also maintains the ability to sterilize the
United States, while being sterilized in response.
• The ease with which a government employee
may be tipped in Pakistan remains the enemies
weapon of choice.

Know thy Enemy
• NADRA and our Police serve their objective of
sabotaging our design and development
projects.
• PEC / HEC serve to misguide you as to who is
literate and who is not.
• AEDB / KESC / WAPDA try to convince you that
every possible effort is being made.
• Yes I did just challenge all these entities, what
are they going to do?
112

Short Course on Keeping Pakistan
from its Energy
• Identify
habitual
scientists
• Steal their
CNICs
• Tip NADRA
into simply not
listening when
they ask for a
copy
• Tip the police
into going deaf
when they
complain
• Tip any
lawyers they
hire
• Send infantry
in civil clothes
to break up
any
prototypes:
and beat up
whomever
tried to make
them
• You find
anyone guilty
of prototyping,
focus on his
source of
income and his
habitat
113

Short Course on Energizing
Pakistan
• Go to one of
the Jihad
fronts: learn
how to survive
in the face of
hostility
• Prefer working
on
technologies
that you know
the developed
world will be
little
interested in
• The enemy will
isolate you:
use it to give
time to your
mission
• The enemy will
sabotage your
resources:
make your
project even
more
economical
• Hold on to
your ego,
nothing else
• Because…
114

• It is only YOUthat
needs electricity / energy / Pakistan.

Don’t Worry About Me
I am

To the Citizen
• Appreciate how many jobs and business
opportunities are to show up: choose your
stride in time.

Dr. Faisal Tajir
Coming Seminars on:
• Water: sources and
economics
• Climate Control
• Space: how & why
• Anti Strategic Delivery
Vehicles
• Highest IQ Level of all
SAARC and all OIC
• Ph.D. Electronic
Engineering
• Ph.D. Mechanical
Engineering
• In excess of 300
inventions
• +92-313-2088531
• ftajir@gmail.com

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