Family Tree DNA Conference -- Administrators' Library

How to Research Deep Native Ancestry with Big Y DNA
Marie Rundquist, Author, Genealogist, and DNA Specialist
Family Tree DNA Conference
November 2016
M.A. Rundquist Presentation FTDNA Admin Conference: 11/13/2016 Graphics Design SmileTemplates.com

Books, Articles & Historical Markers
• Revisiting Anne Marie (2009) Cajun By Any Other Name (2012)
• “Finding Anne Marie: The Hidden History of Our Acadian Ancestors” (2006)
Unama’ki College, Cape Breton University, Essays
• Certificate of Completion attained for Learning from the Knowledge Keepers of
Mikm’aki, Cape Breton University, Unama’ki College. (2016)
• “Autosomal DNA Results Test Hundreds of Years of Genealogy Records in ‘Proof of
Ancestry (SCGS, 2015);
• “mtDNA Topples Genealogist's Adobe Walls," with Patricia Sanchez Rau (SCGS,
2014)
• “On a Quest for an Ancient Bloodine” with Earl J. David (SCGS, 2013)
• “Doucet DNA” with Keith Doucet (2010); “C3b Y Chromosome DNA Test Results
Point to Native American Deep Ancestry” (2012)
• Acadie, Then and Now (2014) by Warren Perrin, Mary Perrin, Phil Comeau (Winner
Prix France Acadie 2015) – contributing author
• Maryland Tourism Website Initiative: AcadiansWereHere.org with Greg Wood, R.
Martin (Marty) Guidry. (October, 2015) ; Heritage Monument Initiative: Acadians in
Maryland Historic Marker (Installed July 28, 2013)

Native
American
DNA
Acadian-
Native
DNA
Surname
DNA
Studies
DNA
Research
DNA Research Projects
A2 mtDNA
Project
Amerindian
Ancestry out of
Acadia Project
American
Indian Project
C P39 Y DNA
Project
Haplogroup A
mtDNA Project
X2b4 mtDNA
Project
A4 mtDNA
Project
Germain Doucet
b. ca1641
Pierre Lejeune b.
ca 1599
Francois
Gautreau b. ca
1613
Jean Pierre
David dit St.
Michel b. ca 1699
Big Y DNA Study
Knowledge of Ancestry

DNA Genealogy History Culture
Organizations & Activities
International
Society of Genetic
Genealogy
Southern California
Genealogical
Society
Association des
Acadiens-Métis
Souriquois (AAMS)
University of
Maryland College
Park Alumni
Association
Edward H. Nabb
Research Center
for Delmarva
History and Culture
Metis Eastern
Tribal Indian
Society of Maine
Compassion
International
Knowledge
Keepers of
Mi’kma’ki
National Museum
of the American
Indian (NMAI)
Knowledge of People
and Society

Unama’ki College (CBU) Certification

Y DNA for Surname-based Genealogy
•Correlate paternal line ancestries and presumed family
origins of its members with Y DNA test results
•Prove or disprove genealogy assumptions about paternal-
line ancestry
•Male descendants of the same grandfather will show few
differences when Y DNA results are compared
Review: Y DNA for Genetic Genenalogy
Grandfather
Son
Son Son
Son
Son
Y Chromosome DNA
Y Chromosome DNA
Tips for Y DNA studies:
• Recruit paternal-line, male
descendants of your family’s “person
of interest” The more the better!
• Conduct 37-marker Y DNA test to
ascertain haplogroup assignment.
• Conduct SNP test(s) necessary to
confirm the haplogroup subclade.
• Extend test results to 67 – 111
markers to determine genetic
distance
• Compile test results. Establish
baselines and “signatures”
• Compare, contrast, and group
• Identify trends and outliers
• Qualify haplogroups and paternal
genealogy lines (watch for paper trail
errors)
• “Feel lucky !”

Y DNA Matches
Y DNA: Markers and Matches
• Y DNA test results show locations on the Y chromosome, the markers that
define them – called Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), and the number of times
that code repeats itself (allele value)
• Y DNA matches (all men) will have the same allele values at the same
locations (with little differences) – up to 111 markers
• While haplogroup types may be common, Y DNA sequences may be unique to
specific family groups (and surnames) even at 12 markers!
• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are useful for distinguishing among
haplogroups and now, terminal SNPs define them

Y DNA Matches
Y DNA has Real Answers
• Do two males share a common paternal ancestor?
• How long ago did two males share a common paternal ancestor?
• Are our families related?
• Did the line survive surname variations? Examples: Lejeune  Young;
Gautreaux  Gouthro, Guthrow, Gotrot
• Was a paternal line ancestor Native American?
• Is my genealogy correct?

2008: The Case of Germain Doucet b. 1641
• Consider Germain Doucet, Sieur de La Verdure born ca
1595 near Couperans en Brye. He was a French
commander in the French colony of Acadia
Assumption 1: He was the father
of Germain Doucet b.1641 (and all
Doucet/Doucette Acadian men)
Assumption 2: This line was French

• QUESTION: Does Keith Doucet’s “Doucet” surname
relate to Germain Doucet Sieur de La Verdure, b. ca
1595 in France? Is he a direct, male descendant of this
line?
• November 30, 2008: Keith Doucet agreed to have a Y
chromosome DNA test to find out.
• December 3, 2008: Keith received and returned his Y
DNA test kit to FTDNA and waited for results.

Keith Doucet’s Documented Paternal Line Ancestry:
Acadian Chapter ( 1641 – 1755 in Nova Scotia)
• Generation 14: Germain Doucet dit Laverdure (wife was unknown.) [GENERATION 14 IS AN ASSUMPTION]
• Generation 13: Germain Doucet b. 1641 + Marie Landry
• Generation 12: Laurent Doucet + Jeanne Babin
• Generation: 11: Laurent Doucet + Marie Pellerin
• Generation 10: Michel Doucet + Marguerite Martin
• Generation 9: Joseph Doucet dit Hilaire + Anne Landry
Louisiana Chapter (Post Acadian Explusion from Nova Scotia in 1755)
• Generation 8: Joseph Doucet + Celeste Bellard
• Generation 7: Joseph Doucet + Carmelite Richard
• Generation 6: Charles Doucet + Caroline LeBleu
• Generation 5: Gregoire Doucet + Amelie Lejeune
• Generation 4: Laurent Doucet + Lesimaine Lejeune
• Generation 3: Leonce Doucet + Ada Opry
• Generation 2: Floyd Doucet + Ann Arledge
• Generation 1: Keith Doucet
M.A. Rundquist Presentation FTDNA Admin Conference: 11/13/2016 Graphics Design SmileTemplates.com; Doucet DNA c. 2013

2009: A Native Y DNA Result was
Discovered in a Man of Acadian Ancestry !
• February 2, 2009: Keith Doucet’s test results arrived:
Haplogroup “C!” (Native American???)
M.A. Rundquist Presentation FTDNA Admin Conference: 11/13/2016 Graphics Design SmileTemplates.com; Maps Courtesy Family Tree DNA

Early 2010: Native C P39+ Confirmed for 2
Amerindian Ancestry Members
• February 25, 2010: Keith Doucet’s Great Uncle (from Louisiana) matched at 0 genetic distance
• February 28, 2010: A Native American Y DNA Test result (C-P39+!) was confirmed
• C-P39+ SNP result arrived at the same time for a Status Mi’kmaq man out of Gaspe, QC., Canada
• Haplogroup C-M217 (parent of C-P39) is found
in indigenous Siberians,Mongols and Kazakhs
• C-P39 is found among the Na-Dene with the
highest frequency found among Athabaskans
• In our C-P39 Y DNA study, the type has been
found in all regions of North America
M.A. Rundquist Presentation FTDNA Admin Conference: 11/13/2016 Graphics Design SmileTemplates.com Heat map Wikipedia.org public domain

2011: C3b Y DNA Study Begins
• Test kits comprised of two swabs, used for scraping cells from the inside of
the cheek, two test tubes, and consent forms were ordered from the
Family Tree DNA Genetics by Genealogy, LTD., company of Houston, Texas
• Following genealogy review, Y DNA test kits were mailed by the company
to pre-qualified, consenting candidates – all volunteer test participants
from across North American and Canada
• Field monitors assisted in the completion and return of tests in rural areas
of Nova Scotia and Louisiana
• On 100% return, test results were initially posted to the Amerindian
Ancestry project and subsequently published on the project website

2012: Initial C3b Findings and Results

2013: C P39 Y DNA Project Begins
• 2013: Second wave of recruitment and sponsorship of Y DNA tests
and C P39 SNP qualification: The C P39+ trend continues!
• 2014-2015: 12 Big Y DNA Tests are sponsored in coordination with
FTDNA Project Administrators: blogger Roberta Estes and David
Pike, and individual project donors

2014-2016: Big Y Project Launch
• Big Y is a Y Chromosome DNA test (for paternal line ancestry)
• Useful for deep ancestry investigation – not recent history
• Big Y results may add new markers to haplogroup branches
• Big Y analysis may reveal possible deep ancestry links among Big Y
candidates overlooked by Big Y matching, prior reporting, and haplogroup
assignments
• Big Y exposes new and sampled SNPs useful for future project research
and comparison
• Research of Big Y results may reveal trends, outliers for shared Big Y SNPs
among project members
• An 8/28/2014 “Big Y White Paper” has more details

How significant are Big Y Shared SNPs to
our story of deep ancestry?
Methodology:
• Select and export 12 candidate Big Y SNP files from the Family Tree DNA P39 Y DNA Study database into a single
repository
• Filter Big Y data for high confidence, positively derived (+) SNPs
• Compare and contrast Big Y SNPs among candidates -- by SNP, by country, by region, and count and where
paternal place of birth is known
• Research pedigrees of unique and shared SNPs referencing the National Genographic database when available
(Important: Earliest ancestry / ethnicity may or may not have anything to do with the birthplace of a Y DNA test
participant!)
• Note locations of upstream and downstream SNPs on the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG)
Haplogroup C Y DNA Tree when available
• Filter data for trends and outliers -- limit exploration to a “slice” of humanity – and not “all” of humanity!
• Important: Our “slice of humanity” for purposes of this study is generally comprised of Native and Indigenous
peoples of the C-M130, C-M217, C-P39+, CF4015+ and C-F3985 Y DNA shorthand haplogroups and other C
haplogroups out of Canada, South and Central America , the 48 contiguous and non-contiguous United States as
represented in the data
• Map results to known geographic regions / possibly tribal areas
• Let the SNPs tell the story

Nat Geo SNP Pedigree
P39+ (Native)
• Y-Chromosome DNA Haplogroups are based on SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, that occur in the non recombining region of
the Y-chromosome
• Haplogroup C-P39 is defined by the SNP P39. This mutation is believed to have occurred at least 15,000 years ago. C-P39 is found in
the Americas
• SNPs that are characteristic of this project include, thus far, the C- P39+ (our project baseline) and the C-M217+ and F4015+ and the
F3985+ SNPs.
• Studies show that low percentage Y chromosome DNA findings for Tanana (Alaska), Cheyenne, Sioux, Apache, Navajo, and Wayu,
include Haplogroup C. Haplogroup “Q” is far more prevalent among Native American men
M.A. Rundquist Presentation FTDNA Admin Conference: 11/13/2016 Graphics Design SmileTemplates.com Haplogroup Chart Courtesy Family Tree DNA

Conclusions
• Trends for the F4015+ and the F3985+ shorthand Y haplogroups were in fact common among shared
SNPs, revealing a shared genetic history among the Native (C-P39+) men in North America and the
(C-P39-) control man of European origins.
• Outlier ethnic groups surfaced repeatedly among shared SNPs, for men of Hawaiian,
Polynesian, Tongan, Maori and Samoan ethnicities, revealing unexpected
links among these men, Native (C-P39+) men in North America and the
(C-P39-) control man of European origins.
• National Genographic data validated, expanded upon and added to our
knowledge of shared SNPs and pedigrees among the men in the Big Y study
• …and added to our story of deep ancestry and genetic links among peoples … with more
investigation and sampling of the data to follow!

References
• Stephen L. Zegura, Tatiana M. Karafet, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, and Michael F. Hammer High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite
Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas Mol Biol Evol (2004) 21 (1):
164-175 first published online October 31, 2003 doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009
• M. Rundquist, “C3b Y Chromosome DNA Test Results Point to Native American Deep Ancestry, Relatedness, among United
States and Canadian Study Participants (2012). Published August, 2012.
http://www.familyheritageresearchcommunity.org/uploads/2/7/0/9/2709414/amerindian_ancestry_c3b_y_dna_analysis.pdf
• C-P39 Y-DNA Haplogroup Project: https://www.familytreedna.com/public/ydna_C-P39 (Big Y DNA Data)
• The Genographic Project (Research Database): http://geno-web.nationalgeographic.com/geno2/dist/ (SNP Analysis)
• Miguel G. Vilar, PhD, Science and Exploration, National Geographic
• Family Tree DNA Project Co-Administrators: Roberta J. Estes and David Pike
• Family Heritage Research Community: http://familyheritageresearchcommunity.org

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