Principles of Globally Distributed Systems

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Systems that run across continents and hemispheres, rather than across racks in a single data center, are becoming increasingly necessary; developers deploy their applications across multiple clouds or locations for redundancy and compliance and to push content closer to their users. Tyler McMullen explains why such systems must have fundamentally different designs than what we’re used to. Without fundamentally different architectures from what we’ve done in the past, these systems become burdens to both their operators and their users. Tyler offers an overview of some of the incredible approaches for designing these systems, including lattices, eventual consistency, CRDTs, and consistency analysis, and discusses the fundamental techniques of such systems: back pressure, randomization, partial availability, and caching. Tyler ends by covering the differences in mental models that must be adopted in order to design and implement globally distributed systems as well as some lessons learned from real-world implementations.

Principles of
Globally
Distributed
Systems

Hi @tbmcmullen
tyler@fastly.com

Practicality

Carlos Baquero
Peter Alvaro
Peter Bailis
Joseph Hellerstein
Marc Shapiro
João Leitão
Chris Meiklejohn

Use off-the-shelf

Partial Availability

“Nearly all systems are
probabilistic, whether they
realize it or not.”

“With high probability”
is Fine

Failure Independence

v1 of Fastly Instant Purge

E
D
F
C
A
B
Graph
of

Responsibility

E
D
F
C
A
B
Graph
of

Responsibility

E
D
F
C
A
B
Graph
of

Responsibility

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

Failure Dependence

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

E
D
F
C
A
B
PURGE

How does Load ﬂow?

The Internet
is both
more and less reliable
than we think

Q:
What is a normal amount of jitter
on a North American backbone?

A: <250μs

Normal packetloss is <0.1%

Asymmetric
Network
Splits

Paths are not symmetric

Q:
How do you see the inbound
path?

A:
Trick question. You don’t.

Consistency

CAP

Avoid Coordination

https://aphyr.com/posts/313-strong-consistency-models

Causality

CRDTs

Further
Reading
Notes on Distributed Systems for Youngbloods
Fallacies of Distributed Computing
Literally everything on aphyr.com
Publications of the SyncFree group

Thanks

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Altitude San Francisco 2018: Video Workshop Docs

Altitude San Francisco 2018: Programming the Edge

Altitude San Francisco 2018: Programming the Edge

Altitude San Francisco 2018: Programming the Edge

Recently uploaded

Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless authentication Cody Salas, Sr Developer Advocate | Solutions Architect - Yubico Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

The microservices honeymoon is over. When starting a new project or revamping a legacy monolith, teams started looking for alternatives to microservices. The Modular Monolith, or 'Modulith', is an architecture that reaps the benefits of (vertical) functional decoupling without the high costs associated with separate deployments. This talk will delve into the advantages and challenges of this progressive architecture, beginning with exploring the concept of a 'module', its internal structure, public API, and inter-module communication patterns. Supported by spring-modulith, the talk provides practical guidance on addressing the main challenges of a Modultith Architecture: finding and guarding module boundaries, data decoupling, and integration module-testing. You should not miss this talk if you are a software architect or tech lead seeking practical, scalable solutions. About the author With two decades of experience, Victor is a Java Champion working as a trainer for top companies in Europe. Five thousands developers in 120 companies attended his workshops, so he gets to debate every week the challenges that various projects struggle with. In return, Victor summarizes key points from these workshops in conference talks and online meetups for the European Software Crafters, the world’s largest developer community around architecture, refactoring, and testing. Discover how Victor can help you on victorrentea.ro : company training catalog, consultancy and YouTube playlists.

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

💥 You’re lucky! We’ve found two different (lead) developers that are willing to share their valuable lessons learned about using UiPath Document Understanding! Based on recent implementations in appealing use cases at Partou and SPIE. Don’t expect fancy videos or slide decks, but real and practical experiences that will help you with your own implementations. 📕 Topics that will be addressed: • Training the ML-model by humans: do or don't? • Rule-based versus AI extractors • Tips for finding use cases • How to start 👨‍🏫👨‍💻 Speakers: o Dion Morskieft, RPA Product Owner @Partou o Jack Klein-Schiphorst, Automation Developer @Tacstone Technology

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

UiPathCommunity

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Juan lago vázquez

Corporate and higher education. Two industries that, in the past, have had a clear divide with very little crossover. The difference in goals, learning styles and objectives paved the way for differing learning technologies platforms to evolve. Now, those stark lines are blurring as both sides are discovering they have content that’s relevant to the other. Join Tammy Rutherford as she walks through the pros and cons of corporate and higher ed collaborating. And the challenges of these different technology platforms working together for a brighter future.

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Rustici Software

Angeliki Cooney has spent over twenty years at the forefront of the life sciences industry, working out of Wynantskill, NY. She is highly regarded for her dedication to advancing the development and accessibility of innovative treatments for chronic diseases, rare disorders, and cancer. Her professional journey has centered on strategic consulting for biopharmaceutical companies, facilitating digital transformation, enhancing omnichannel engagement, and refining strategic commercial practices. Angeliki's innovative contributions include pioneering several software-as-a-service (SaaS) products for the life sciences sector, earning her three patents. As the Senior Vice President of Life Sciences at Avenga, Angeliki orchestrated the firm's strategic entry into the U.S. market. Avenga, a renowned digital engineering and consulting firm, partners with significant entities in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields. Her leadership was instrumental in expanding Avenga's client base and establishing its presence in the competitive U.S. market.

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

Angeliki Cooney

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Khushali Kathiriya

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Christopher Logan Kennedy

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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/why-teams-call-analytics-is-critical-to-your-entire-business Nothing is as frustrating and noticeable as being in an important call and being unable to see or hear the other person. Not surprising then, that issues with Teams calls are among the most common problems users call their helpdesk for. Having in depth insight into everything relevant going on at the user’s device, local network, ISP and Microsoft itself during the call is crucial for good Microsoft Teams Call quality support. To ensure a quick and adequate solution and to ensure your users get the most out of their Microsoft 365. But did you know that ‘bad calls’ are also an excellent indicator of other problems arising? Precisely because it is so noticeable!? Like the canary in the mine, bad calls can be early indicators of problems. Problems that might otherwise not have been noticed for a while but can have a big impact on productivity and satisfaction. Join this session by Christoph Adler to learn how true Microsoft Teams call quality analytics helped other organizations troubleshoot bad calls and identify and fix problems that impacted Teams calls or the use of Microsoft365 in general. See what it can do to keep your users happy and productive! In this session we will cover - Why CQD data alone is not enough to troubleshoot call problems - The importance of attributing call problems to the right call participant - What call quality analytics can do to help you quickly find, fix-, and prevent problems - Why having retrospective detailed insights matters - Real life examples of how others have used Microsoft Teams call quality monitoring to problem shoot problems with their ISP, network, device health and more.

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows. We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases. This video focuses on the deployment of external web forms using Jotform for Bonterra Impact Management. This solution can be customized to your organization’s needs and deployed to support the common use cases below: - Intake and consent - Assessments - Surveys - Applications - Program registration Interested in deploying web form automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Jeffrey Haguewood

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

Following the popularity of "Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data," we're thrilled to announce this much-anticipated encore webinar. In this sequel, we'll dive deeper into the Cloud-Native realm by uncovering practical applications and FME support for these new formats, including COGs, COPC, FlatGeoBuf, GeoParquet, STAC, and ZARR. Building on the foundation laid by industry leaders Michelle Roby of Radiant Earth and Chris Holmes of Planet in the first webinar, this second part offers an in-depth look at the real-world application and behind-the-scenes dynamics of these cutting-edge formats. We will spotlight specific use-cases and workflows, showcasing their efficiency and relevance in practical scenarios. Discover the vast possibilities each format holds, highlighted through detailed discussions and demonstrations. Our expert speakers will dissect the key aspects and provide critical takeaways for effective use, ensuring attendees leave with a thorough understanding of how to apply these formats in their own projects. Elevate your understanding of how FME supports these cutting-edge technologies, enhancing your ability to manage, share, and analyze spatial data. Whether you're building on knowledge from our initial session or are new to the serverless spatial data landscape, this webinar is your gateway to mastering cloud-native formats in your workflows.

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

rafiqahmad00786416

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

Andrey Devyatkin

Keynote 2: APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk Paolo Malinverno, Growth Advisor - The Business of Technology Apidays New York 2024: The API Economy in the AI Era (April 30 & May 1, 2024) ------ Check out our conferences at https://www.apidays.global/ Do you want to sponsor or talk at one of our conferences? https://apidays.typeform.com/to/ILJeAaV8 Learn more on APIscene, the global media made by the community for the community: https://www.apiscene.io Explore the API ecosystem with the API Landscape: https://apilandscape.apiscene.io/

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Recently uploaded (20)

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

Apidays New York 2024 - Passkeys: Developing APIs to enable passwordless auth...

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

Modular Monolith - a Practical Alternative to Microservices @ Devoxx UK 2024

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

DEV meet-up UiPath Document Understanding May 7 2024 Amsterdam

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

Biography Of Angeliki Cooney | Senior Vice President Life Sciences | Albany, ...

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

[BuildWithAI] Introduction to Gemini.pdf

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

MINDCTI Revenue Release Quarter One 2024

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Artificial Intelligence Chap.5 : Uncertainty

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

Understanding the FAA Part 107 License ..

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Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

Architecting Cloud Native Applications

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Apidays New York 2024 - APIs in 2030: The Risk of Technological Sleepwalk by ...

Principles of Globally Distributed Systems

1. Principles of Globally Distributed Systems

2. Hi @tbmcmullen tyler@fastly.com

3. Practicality

4. Carlos Baquero Peter Alvaro Peter Bailis Joseph Hellerstein Marc Shapiro João Leitão Chris Meiklejohn

5.

6.

7. Use off-the-shelf

8. Partial Availability

9.

10. “Nearly all systems are probabilistic, whether they realize it or not.”

11.

12.

13.

14.

15. “With high probability” is Fine

16. Failure Independence

17. v1 of Fastly Instant Purge

18. E D F C A B Graph of Responsibility

19. E D F C A B Graph of Responsibility

20. E D F C A B Graph of Responsibility

21. E D F C A B PURGE

22. E D F C A B PURGE

23. E D F C A B PURGE

24. E D F C A B PURGE

25. E D F C A B PURGE

26. Failure Dependence

27. E D F C A B PURGE

28. E D F C A B PURGE

29. E D F C A B PURGE

30. E D F C A B PURGE

31. E D F C A B PURGE

32. How does Load ﬂow?

33. The Internet is both more and less reliable than we think

34. Q: What is a normal amount of jitter on a North American backbone?

36. Normal packetloss is <0.1%

37. Asymmetric Network Splits

38. Paths are not symmetric

39. Q: How do you see the inbound path?

40. A: Trick question. You don’t.

41. Consistency

43. Avoid Coordination

44.

46. https://aphyr.com/posts/313-strong-consistency-models

49.

50.

51. Further Reading Notes on Distributed Systems for Youngbloods Fallacies of Distributed Computing Literally everything on aphyr.com Publications of the SyncFree group