basic information about image files and why we use lots of kinds image file formats.
Some key terms like pixels, pixel depths, resolution, monochore, grayscale and colored images which will be used in the next sections of the presentation.
Basic compression methods which are used in image compression and give information about lossy/lossles images.
JPEG, PNG, GIF and BMP detailed
4. Image File Types
Bitmap(Raster) images:
collection of dots
each pixel can hold 1,8,24,… bit of color information
fixed resolution
best for photographic quality images, for printing, scanners, digital
cameras
examples: bmp, gif, png, jpeg, tiff, …
Vector graphics:
based on mathematical instructions
basically defined by shapes and lines
not resolution dependent: infinitely scalable
examples: svg, ai, wmf, …
Metafile graphics:
combination of bitmap and vector
5. Pixels
image elements
smallest addressable part of the screen
stored as a binary code representing a color
between 1 and 32 bits of binary code
RGB (Red, Green Blue)
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta,Yellow, Black)
resolution
density of dots on image
measured in DPI (dots per Inch)
6. Pixel Depth
Images retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/
number of bits to store each pixel
greater depth, more colors
greater depth, bigger file size
monochrome : 1 bit(white and black)
grayscale, 16, 256 color
truecolor: 24 bit
1 bit 2 bit 4 bit 8 bit 24 bit
7. Compression
large amount of data
lossy/lossless
quality
Some algorithms
LZW(Lemple-Zif –Welch)Algorithm
RLEAlgorithm
ZIP Compression
JPEG Compression -> lossy
Deflation – used in PNG, MNG, andTIFF
8. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group)
most applications and browsers, digital cameras
good compression algorithm : reduce file size in a ratio between
10:1 and 20:1.
degree of compression is adjustable
lossy compression
not support transparent color
not interlaced:???
extensions: .jpeg, .jpe, .jpg, .jif, .jfif, .jfi
Higher quality (Q = 100) High quality (Q = 50) Medium quality (Q = 25) Low quality (Q = 10) Lowest quality (Q = 1)
83,261 bytes 15,138 bytes 9,553 bytes 4,787 bytes 1,523 bytes
the uncompressed 24-bit RGB bitmap image below 313 × 234 image (73,242 pixels) would require 219,726 bytes
9. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
most widely used
few colors: 8 bit or less
LZW lossless compression algorithm
less space, less loading time
interlaced and non-interlaced
supports animation: can contain
more than one image
LZW algorithm patent issue
resulted PNG.
10. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
developed due to legal problems with compression algorithm
PNG's Not GIF
new format targeted for Internet use, becoming common
lossless compression (more than GIF, less than JPEG)
24-bit RGB, 32-bit RGBA or up to 48 bit color
transparency (A:Alpha channel)
no animation support
better interlacing: Adam7 algorithm
Illustration of the 7 passes of the Adam7 algorithm,
running over a 16×16 image
11. BMP (Bitmap Image File)
Microsoft native image format
Windows,OS/2, no MAC compatibility.
backgrounds, graphics, wallpaper
1(monochrome), 4, 8, 24-bit RGB
generally uncompressed, too large size
lossless RLE compression
12. Conclusion
compression
larger file, larger storage and slower download
few color, smaller file, worse quality
There is really no reason to ever use this format BMP
GIF and JPG are the formats used for nearly all web images. PNG
is supported by most of the latest generation browsers.
But Microsoft Internet Explorer does not support PNG
transparency.
PNG does everything GIF does, and better, so expect to see PNG
replace GIF in the future. PNG will not replace JPG, since JPG is
capable of much greater compression of photographic images,
even when set for quite minimal loss of quality