1. The digestive system is a collection of organs that can be divided into two parts: The alimentary or gastrointestinal tract & the accessory organs

2. List, in order, the eight parts of the digestive tract. 1. Oral cavity

3. 2. Pharynx

4. 3. Esophagus

5. 4. Stomach

6. 5. Small Intestine

7. 6. Large Intestine

8. 7. Rectum

9. 8. Anus

11. The three accessory organs found in or near the oral cavity are the Tongue Teeth Salivary glands

12. The three accessory organs found in the abdominal cavity are the Liver Gall bladder Pancreas

15. Converting large, complicated food molecules into glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids so they can be absorbed is ____________ digestion. chemical

16. What is the general name given to substances which perform chemical digestion in the digestive tract? enzymes

17. A common tube shared by the respiratory and digestive systems. pharynx

18. Subdivision of the pharynx located behind the nasal cavity is the: nasopharynx

19. oropharynx Subdivision of the pharynx located behind the oral cavity is the:

20. laryngopharynx Subdivision of the pharynx located behind the larynx is the:

21. These act as “first line” defenders, screening out microorganisms from the air, food, and liquids that enter the body: tonsils

22. Tonsils found in the nasopharynx are called: pharyngeal tonsils

23. Tonsils located in the laryngopharynx, at the base of the tongue, are called: Lingual tonsils

24. Tonsils located at the back of the nasal cavity are called the: pharyngeal tonsils

25. What is the main purpose of mechanical digestion? To increase the surface area of the food for enzymes to act.

26. A straight, collapsible muscular tube which lies behind (posterior to) the trachea and is about 1 inch in diameter and 10 inches long. Esophagus

28. Rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle layers which propel food through the digestive tract are called: Peristalsis or Peristaltic waves

29. The smooth muscle valve located at the end of the esophagus which controls the entrance to the stomach is called: Gastroesophageal or cardiac sphincter

30. The uppermost portion of the stomach is called the: Fundus or fundic region

31. A small region of the stomach very near the cardiac sphincter where the esophagus meets the stomach is the Cardia or cardiac region

32. The middle and largest portion of the stomach is called the ___________ of the stomach. body

33. This is the “cone-shaped,” terminal portion of the stomach. Pylorus or pyloric region

34. The smooth muscle valve that prevents back flow of material from the small intestine to the stomach is called the pyloric sphincter

35. The term used to describe the partially digested food once it has been mixed with the digestive secretions of the stomach. chyme

37. A collapsible, muscular tube that extends from the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the large intestine. Small intestine

38. The small intestine is the site where the majority of the _________ digestion of food and _________ of nutrients takes place. chemical absorption

39. The first 10 – 12 inches of the small intestine is called the duodenum

40. The middle section of the small intestine representing about 40% of its length is called the jejunum

41. The final portion of the small intestine, which represents about 60% of its length is called the ileum

42. _______________ project into the lumen of the small intestine where they are bathed in the intestinal contents. They function to increase _____________ of the intestinal lining for absorption. Intestinal villi surface area

43. A five foot long collapsible tube that is divided into two parts and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. Large intestine

44. The entrance to the large intestine is called the cecum

45. A vestigial structure located off the cecum of the large intestine is the vermiform appendix

46. The major portion of the large intestine which is divided into 4 parts is the colon

47. The four sections of the colon, in order, are the Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid

49. Final storage area for feces. When the rectum fills with feces it is stimulated to contract. This is called the rectum Defecation reflex

50. The last section of the digestive tract is called the ______________ . It is made up of three _________________ muscles. anus sphincter