1. Speech Function,
Politeness And Cross-
cultural Communication
Language in Society

2. Group 9 ..
Fira
Nursya’bani
Luciyana
0906856
Dwiningrum
0902428 Meyza
Pritama
Riestia
0902467
Handayani
0902434

3. Politeness
The
and
Function of
Speech Address
Forms
Linguistic
Politeness in
Different
Cultures

4. The Function of Speech
• Affective (or Social) function
• Referential (or informative)
function
Example:
Fred : “Good morning, James. What a
lovely day.”
James : “Yes, it’s beautiful. So,
How’s your weekend?”
Fred : “It’s very great!”

5. The Function of Speech
• Expressive utterances: express the speaker’s feeling
• Directive utterances: attempt to get someone to do
something
• Referential utterances: provide information
• Metalinguistic utterances: comment on language itself
• Poetic utterances: focus on aesthetic features of
language
• Phatic utterances: express solidarity and empathy with
others

6. Examples…
• Expressive utterances
– I’m happy today.
– I am afraid.
• Directive utterances
– Wash the clothes.
– Could you close the door?
• Referential utterances
– The second presenter will be Mrs.
Hanna.
– Make up speaking class will be held on
Monday at 1 pm.

7. Examples…
• Metalinguistic utterances
– ‘Hegemony’ is not a common word
– ‘Nat’ has to be added by affixes
• Poetic utterances (a poem, an ear-
catching motto, a rhyme)
– Peter piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers
– Bu Lulu nuju udur huntu
• Phatic utterances
– Hi, how are you?
– Lovely day, isn’t it.

8. Basic component of
interaction…
• Expressive Speaker
• Directive Addressee
• Referential Message

9. Addition…
• Commissives: Promises and
threat
– I swear, I’ll do my revenge
– I will kill you soon
• Formatives or Declaration
– And now, I declare you as
husband and wife

10. Directives…
…concern with getting people to do
things…
Examples:
Imperative: Sit down!
Interrogative: Could you sit down?
Declarative: It’d be better you to sit
down.

11. Factors that affect people in
using Directives..
• The social distance between particip
• Relative status
• Formality of the context

12. Example of the Social Distance
Between Participants
Cepat Upin,
nanti kita
lambat!

13. Example of Relative Status
Prepare your
presentation, we’ll
do it tomorrow!

14. Example of Formality of the Context
Wilujeng sumping,
Pa. Mangga teras
ka lebet.

15. Politeness and Address
Form
Speaking politeness ---
• The feelings of others
• The social values of the
society
• Formality

16. Politeness and Address
Form
Types of politeness
• Positive politeness
• Negative politeness

17. Examples of Politeness and Address
Form
Daddy,
can you
please
help me
with my
homework?

18. Examples of Politeness and Address
Form
Could you bring
in my paper,
please?

19. Examples of Politeness and Address
Form

20. Linguistic Politeness In Different
Cultures
• Miscommunication ..
• Learning another language
• Sociolinguistics assumption
• Acceptance and refusal an
invitation

21. Example of miscommunication based on
cultural differences …
In some villages in Subang, if
someone wants to invite people
to come to the wedding
ceremony, she/he uses
cigarettes as an invitation.
If someone gets an expensive
cigarette, it means that she/he
has to give much money to the
hostess and vice versa.

22. (Batavia Example.. (Sundanes
e)
n)
“Bade ka
“Heh bumi Pa
Takrim, Haji
mo pegi Kardun,
kemane aya
lu?” kaperyogia
n”

23. Example of linguistic politeness …
In Karawang, if there is a wedding
ceremony, the goods from the bridegroom
are mentioned and the lists of price are also
mentioned.
If we come from outside of Karawang
which have different culture we automatically
think that culture is impolite because
mentioning the goods and the price are
unusual things.

24. Greetings…
• A part of
communication
• Serve an affective
function

25. Examples..
• How are you?
• Apa kabar?
• Kumaha damang?
• Kia ora?
• Pripun kabare?

26. References..
Holmes, Janet. (2001). An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson
Education Limited

27. .. Thank you ..