HIV AIDS NCEA Level 3

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The document outlines the requirements for an exam focusing on HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Students will be asked to answer 3 questions: 1) explaining factors contributing to the issue, 2) analyzing the implications for those affected, and 3) recommending future actions. The exam will focus on HIV transmission and care in sub-Saharan Africa from a socio-ecological perspective using recent research and statistics from credible sources.

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External Standard 3.4 5 credits The exam You will be required to answer 3 questions to meet the standard Question one Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Question two Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Question three Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Exam specifications for 2009 Focus on why the matter is a significant health concern… …and the continued high rate of HIV transmission and/or the care of people living with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and … …you need to explore the issue from a socio-ecological perspective and … …You are required to be familiar with recent research and statistical information from current and credible sources as relevant to the selected context (eg government ministry websites, recognised non-government organisations – NGOs, research journals and other publications).

can you name the 5 key words/phrases for this topic? HIV and AIDS Pandemic Determinants of Health Poverty, Culture, Economics UNAIDS, WHO, World Vision, OXFAM

HIV and AIDS is… A disease that is transmitted by blood or bodily fluids. Causes death. Can be slowed by anti-retroviral drugs. …killing millions of people worldwide. …destroying the communities of sub-Saharan Africa. …an international health issue

Pandemic is … A disease that crosses geographic borders. A disease that affects large numbers of people.

Determinants of Health are… Social (Addictions, work conditions, stress, early childhood factors, transport, social gradient, social support, Social exclusion, Healthy food, unemployment, )Economics, Poverty, Politics, culture, environment, Personal,Lifestyle, And they all inter-relate!

Poverty, Culture and Economics are… The main determinants that need to be addressed through sound health promotion strategies that use the Ottawa and Bangkok Charters.

UNAIDS, WHO, World Vision, OXFAM are … Agencies who are trying to address the determinants of health from a socio-ecological perspective.

Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Translation: How did this pandemic happen? What evidence do you have for this?

Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Translation: What is it like to live in sub-Saharan Africa if you, or your family, have HIV/AIDS? What evidence do you have for this?

Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Translation: How can we make a real difference for those most in need? What evidence do you have for this?

And one more time for the road… The exam You will be required to answer 3 questions to meet the standard Question one Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Question two Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Question three Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Exam specifications for 2009 Focus on why the matter is a significant health concern… …and the continued high rate of HIV transmission and/or the care of people living with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and … …you need to explore the issue from a socio-ecological perspective and … …You are required to be familiar with recent research and statistical information from current and credible sources as relevant to the selected context (eg government ministry websites, recognised non-government organisations – NGOs, research journals and other publications).

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Step into the captivating realm of cardiovascular physiology as Dr. Faiza, an esteemed Assistant Professor of Physiology, unravels the intricacies of recording an electrocardiogram (ECG). In this illuminating lecture, students are guided through the fundamental principles of ECG interpretation, from lead systems and electrode placement to the analysis of waves, segments, and intervals. Beginning with an exploration of the twelve-lead system, Dr. Faiza elucidates the significance of bipolar limb leads (I, II, III), unipolar limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF), and unipolar chest leads (V1-V6). Through mnemonic aids and clinical anecdotes, students gain a comprehensive understanding of lead placement techniques, enabling them to navigate the complexities of ECG recording with confidence and precision. As the lecture unfolds, Dr. Faiza delves into the nuances of ECG interpretation, empowering students to correlate ECG findings with electrophysiological events in the cardiac cycle. With a focus on waveform morphology and rhythm analysis, students learn to determine heart rate, rhythm, and axis deviation, deciphering the electrocardiographic manifestations of various cardiac pathologies and physiological states. Moreover, the lecture explores the normal waves, segments, and intervals of an ECG, providing students with a detailed roadmap for interpreting these essential components. From the P wave to the T wave, students gain insight into the voltage, duration, and clinical significance of each waveform, equipping them with the skills to identify aberrations and anomalies in ECG tracings. Enriched with clinical pearls and practical tips, this lecture serves as a cornerstone for students embarking on their journey into cardiovascular medicine. By demystifying the art of ECG interpretation, Dr. Faiza empowers students to harness the power of this diagnostic tool in clinical practice, fostering a deeper appreciation for the intricate interplay between electrical activity and cardiac function.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) physiological basis .pdf

MedicoseAcademics

Shazia Iqbal 2024 - Bioorganic Chemistry.pdf

Trustlife

These are simplified slides discussing the regulation of cardiac output and venous return. Learning objectives: 1. Comprehend the determinants of cardiac output and factors affecting cardiac output 2. Comprehend the factors affecting stroke volume and heart rate and total peripheral resistance 3. Identify the factors regulating venous return 4. Discuss the causes of high and low output cardiac failure 5. Enlist the functions of veins and recognise the significance of venous reservoirs Study Resources: 1. Chapter 20, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 30 and 32, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 3. Chapter 10, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 4. Physiology, Cardiac Output - StatPearls https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470455/

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

MedicoseAcademics

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HIV AIDS NCEA Level 3

1. HIV AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

2. External Standard 3.4 5 credits The exam You will be required to answer 3 questions to meet the standard Question one Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Question two Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Question three Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Exam specifications for 2009 Focus on why the matter is a significant health concern… …and the continued high rate of HIV transmission and/or the care of people living with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and … …you need to explore the issue from a socio-ecological perspective and … …You are required to be familiar with recent research and statistical information from current and credible sources as relevant to the selected context (eg government ministry websites, recognised non-government organisations – NGOs, research journals and other publications).

3. can you name the 5 key words/phrases for this topic? HIV and AIDS Pandemic Determinants of Health Poverty, Culture, Economics UNAIDS, WHO, World Vision, OXFAM

4. HIV and AIDS is… A disease that is transmitted by blood or bodily fluids. Causes death. Can be slowed by anti-retroviral drugs. …killing millions of people worldwide. …destroying the communities of sub-Saharan Africa. …an international health issue

5. Pandemic is … A disease that crosses geographic borders. A disease that affects large numbers of people.

6. Determinants of Health are… Social (Addictions, work conditions, stress, early childhood factors, transport, social gradient, social support, Social exclusion, Healthy food, unemployment, )Economics, Poverty, Politics, culture, environment, Personal,Lifestyle, And they all inter-relate!

7. Poverty, Culture and Economics are… The main determinants that need to be addressed through sound health promotion strategies that use the Ottawa and Bangkok Charters.

8. UNAIDS, WHO, World Vision, OXFAM are … Agencies who are trying to address the determinants of health from a socio-ecological perspective.

9. Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Translation: How did this pandemic happen? What evidence do you have for this?

10. Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Translation: What is it like to live in sub-Saharan Africa if you, or your family, have HIV/AIDS? What evidence do you have for this?

11. Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Translation: How can we make a real difference for those most in need? What evidence do you have for this?

12. And one more time for the road… The exam You will be required to answer 3 questions to meet the standard Question one Explain, comprehensively, factors contributing to an identified international health issue. Question two Analyse, perceptively, the implications of this issue for people who are affected. Question three Explain, comprehensively, recommendations for future action, in terms of this issue, that could achieve a more equitable outcome for people who are affected. Exam specifications for 2009 Focus on why the matter is a significant health concern… …and the continued high rate of HIV transmission and/or the care of people living with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and … …you need to explore the issue from a socio-ecological perspective and … …You are required to be familiar with recent research and statistical information from current and credible sources as relevant to the selected context (eg government ministry websites, recognised non-government organisations – NGOs, research journals and other publications).

HIV AIDS NCEA Level 3

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