7. electromagnetic radiation with a
wavelength longer than that of visible light,
measured from the nominal edge of visible
red light at 0.74 micrometres (µm), and
extending conventionally to 300 µm.
Infrared light is used in industrial,
scientific, and medical applications.
8. Night-vision devices using infrared
illumination allow people or animals to be
observed without the observer being detected.
In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths
allows observation of objects obscured by
interstellar dust. Infrared imaging cameras are
used to detect heat loss in insulated systems,
observe changing blood flow in the skin, and
overheating of electrical apparatus.
9.
10.
11. gaining importance in the applied
spectroscopy particularly in the fields
of NIR, SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR
spectral regions
Typical applications include biological,
mineralogical, defense, and industrial
measurements.
12. collects and processes information from
across the electromagnetic spectrum
Much as the human eye sees visible light in
three bands (red, green, and blue), spectral
imaging divides the spectrum into many
more bands.
This technique of dividing images into
bands can be extended beyond the visible.
13. Engineers build sensors and processing
systems to provide such capability for
application in agriculture, mineralogy,
physics, and surveillance.
Hyperspectral sensors look at objects
using a vast portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
14. Hyperspectral (AVIRIS) image of Mammoth Mountans,
California. 1024 x 512 pixles, 224 bands, approximately
300 Mbytes od data.
15. Hyperspectral surveillance is the implementation
of hyperspectral scanning technology for
surveillance purposes.
Hyperspectral imaging is particularly useful in
military surveillance because of countermeasures
that military entities now take to avoid airborne
surveillance.
16. The idea that drives hyperspectral
surveillance is that hyperspectral
scanning draws information from such a
large portion of the light spectrum that
any given object should have a unique
spectral signature in at least a few of the
many bands that are scanned.
17. The soldiers from DEVGRU who killed
Osama bin Laden in May 2011 used
this(hyperspectral surveillance)
technology while conducting the raid
(Operation Neptune's Spear) on Osama
bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad,
Pakistan.
18. Hyperspectral thermal infrared emission measurement, an outdoor scan
in winter conditions, ambient temperature -15°C - relative radiance
spectra from various targets in the image are shown with arrows.
19. In infrared photography, infrared
filters are used to capture the near-
infrared spectrum.
Digital cameras often use
infrared blockers.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low
as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths from 1
millimeter to 100 kilometers.
Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning,
or by astronomical objects.
Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and
mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and
other navigation systems, satellite communication,
computer networks and innumerable other
applications.
26. subfield of astronomy that
studies celestial objects at radio
frequencies
27. Subsequent observations have identified a
number of different sources of radio emission.
Radio astronomy is conducted using large
radio antennas referred to as radio
telescopes, that are either used singularly, or
with multiple linked telescopes utilizing the
techniques of radio interferometry and
aperture synthesis.
28. To “image” a region of the sky in more detail,
An optical
image of the
multiple overlapping scans can be recorded
and pieced together in a mosaic image. M87
galaxy
(HST), a radio
image of same
galaxy using
Interferometry
29. A radio image of
the central
region of the
Milky Way
galaxy.
31. Very Long Baseline
Interferometry (VLBI)
It allows observations of an object that
are made simultaneously by many
telescopes to be combined, emulating
a telescope with a size equal to the
maximum separation between the
telescopes.
32. Very Long Baseline
Interferometry (VLBI)
The Parkes
VLBI is most well known for imaging (210-ft)
64-m
distant cosmic radio sources, spacecraft
radio
tracking, and for applications intelescope in
astrometry. Australia
produced
this radio
map of the
Large
Magellanic
Cloud.
37. refers to any study or application of
sound waves higher in frequency
than the human audible range
They are used in many
applications including plastic
welding, medicine, jewelry
cleaning, and nondestructive test.
41. the visualization of living animals for
research purposes, such as drug
development
These imaging systems can be
categorized into primarily
morphological/anatomical and
primarily molecular imaging
techniques.
42. High-frequency micro-ultrasound, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) and computed
tomography (CT) are usually used for
anatomical imaging, while optical imaging
(fluorescence and bioluminescence), positron
emission tomography (PET), and single
photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT) are usually used for molecular
visualizations.
43. High-frequency micro-ultrasound works through
the generation of harmless sound waves from
transducers into living systems. As the sound waves
propagate through tissue, they are reflected back
and picked up by the transducer, and can then be
translated into 2D and 3D images.
Micro-ultrasound is specifically developed for small
animal research by VisualSonics, with frequencies
ranging from 15 MHz to 80 MHz,[3] compared with
clinical ultrasound systems which range from 3-15
MHz
44. VEVO 2100 BY VisualSonic Tech.
Vevo 2100 is a portable
imaging modality which
means the system can be
easily
transported from one site
to the next and allows for
multiple users to perform
and
store multiple
examinations/ studies. The
addition of more animals to
each study is
possible as well as re-
assessment of study data a
later dates for the purpose
of
analysis of that data.
45. Micro-ultrasound is the only real-time imaging modality
per se, capturing data at up to 1000 frames per second.
Micro-ultrasound systems are portable, do not require
any dedicated facilities, and is extremely cost-effective
compared to other systems.
Currently, imaging of up to 30 µm is possible, allowing the
visualization of tiny vasculature in cancer angiogenesis.
Micro-ultrasound devices have unique properties
pertaining to an ultrasound research interface, where
users of these devices get access to raw data typically
unavailable on most commercial ultrasound (micro and
non-micro) systems.
46. Typically, micro-ultrasound can image tissue of
around 3 cm below the skin, and this is more than
sufficient for small animals such as mice.
The performance of ultrasound imaging is often
perceived as to be linked with the experience and
skills of the operator.
47. The advances in micro-ultrasound has been able to
aid cancer research in a plethora of ways. For
example, researchers can easily quantify tumor size
in two and three dimensions.
Because of its real-time nature, micro-ultrasound
can also guide micro-injections of drugs, stem cells,
etc. into small animals without the need for surgical
intervention.
48.
49.
50. Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the
study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids
including vibration, sound, ultrasound andinfrasound. A scientist
who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while
someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called
an acoustical engineer
Five basic steps :
The study of acoustics revolves around the generation, propagation
and reception of mechanical waves and vibrations.
The steps shown in the above diagram can be found in any acoustical
event or process.
51. The five basic steps are found equally well whether we are talking about an
earthquake, a submarine using sonar to locate its foe, or a band playing in a rock
concert.
Acoustic Micro Imaging
a method of evaluating materials and bonding for various
micro electronic applications. Acoustic micro imaging uses
high frequency ultrasound (5 to 300 MHz) to image the
internal features of samples
Acoustic Micro Imaging can be
optimized for analytical studies
where layer-by-layer analysis is needed.
The higher the frequency the shorter the
wavelength and the higher the resolution
potential.
broadband pulse viewed in
the time domain
52. pulse content in the frequency time domain image
domain
frequency domain image
53. `
Analytic instruments such as
the Spectrum analyzer facilitate
visualization and measurement
of acoustic signals and their
properties.
The Spectrogram produced by
such an instrument is a graphical
display of the time varying
pressure level and frequency
profiles which give a specific
acoustic signal its defining
character.
Spectrogram of a young girl saying
"oh, no"
54. AudioPaint
AudioPaint generates
sounds from pictures.
The program can read
JPEG, GIF and BMP files
and translates each pixel
position and color into
frequency, amplitude and
pan information. It's a
kind of massive additive
synthesis tool.
55. Hyperupic [Image
to Sound Tool
Hyperupic is a tool for
creating sounds from
digital images.
Hyperupic is intended
to be a musical tool for
composers, but it is
sufficiently general for
many sonification
applications as well.
Hyperupic is available
for MacOS X.
56. Virtual Reality
In Virtual Reality (VR) systems -all human sensory systems
have to be stimulated in a natural way to enhance immersion
into computer-generated environments with which users can
interact freely and naturally
One of the major contributions of this comprehensive system is
the realization as a software-only solution that makes it possible
to use this technology on a standard PC basis. It frees the user
of any costly DSP technology or other custom hardware which
additionally is hard to maintain. In addition to that it is to our
knowledge the first approach to install a versatile and stable
real-time binaural acoustics system with dynamic CTC in a
CAVE-like environment.
57. shows a measurement of the
artificial head of the Institute of
Technical Acoustics (ITA) of
RWTH Aachen University under
120 degree relating to the frontal
direction in the horizontal plane.
The Interaural Time Difference
(ITD) can be assessed in the
time domain plot. The Interaural
Level Difference (ILD) is shown
in the frequency domain plot and
clarifies the frequency
dependent level increase at the
ear turned toward the sound
source and the decrease at the
ear that is turned away from the
sound source.
58. Methods for
Acoustical Imaging
The basic theory of the wave field
synthesis is the Huygens′ principle.
An array of loudspeakers (ranging
from just a few to some hundreds in
number) is placed in the same
position as a microphone array was
placed at the time of recording the
sound event in order to reproduce
an entire real sound field. In a VR
environment the loudspeaker signal
will then be calculated for a given
position of one or more virtual
sources.
59. Five sided projection CAVE-like virtual environment using optical
tracking. Possible loudspeakers are colored in green and
mounted on the rack on top of the device
60.
61.
62. 1
2 Sources for images
3
4-8 ) 5 basic steps(acoustic)
9) refers to any study or application of sound waves
higher in frequency than the human audible range
10)TRUE/FALSE: In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths
allows examination of objects obscured by interstellar dust.
