Redefining Electronics: System-Level Applications of 2D Materials
•
4 recomendaciones•873 vistas
Los días 22 y 23 de junio de 2016 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional sobre 'Materiales bidimensionales: explorando los límites de la física y la ingeniería'. En colaboración con el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), científicos de este prestigioso centro de investigación mostraron las propiedades únicas de materiales como el grafeno, de solo un átomo de espesor, y al mismo tiempo más resistente que el acero y mucho más ligero.
Recomendados
Recomendados
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
La actualidad más candente (20)
Destacado
Destacado (20)
Similar a Redefining Electronics: System-Level Applications of 2D Materials
Similar a Redefining Electronics: System-Level Applications of 2D Materials (20)
Más de Fundación Ramón Areces
Más de Fundación Ramón Areces (20)
Último
Último (20)
Redefining Electronics: System-Level Applications of 2D Materials
- 1. System-Level Applications of Two-Dimensional Materials: Challenges and Opportunities System-Level Applications of Two-Dimensional Materials: Challenges and Opportunities Redefining Electronics: System-Level Applications of 2D Materials Tomás Palacios Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fundación Ramón Areces
- 2. Why do we need a new kind of electronics?
- 3. Why do we need a new kind of electronics?
- 4. Why do we need a new kind of electronics? 95% of the objects in our life don’t have any electronics
- 5. Transparent displays embedded in windows Photoluminescent ceilings Large area distributed speakers Ubiquitous sensors Ubiquitous energy harvesting Electronic wall-paper and desks to charge objects wirelessly …. Opportunity: 100x more electronics?
- 6. Is electronics ready for the required 100-fold increase in throughput? It will be very difficult to use today’s manufacturing model to provide the large area devices needed by future generations of electronic opportunities
- 7. New 2D materials Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) Graphene (G) Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) and many other related materials
- 8. Outline • Material synthesis • Graphene-based applications • Today’s graphene products • Applications in the next ~5 years • Heterogeneous integration: • Mid-IR detectors • Chemical sensors • Beyond graphene… • MoS2 electronics • A few additional thoughts on future applications
- 9. Outline • Material synthesis • Graphene-based applications • Today’s graphene products • Applications in the next ~5 years • Heterogeneous integration: • Mid-IR detectors • Chemical sensors • Beyond graphene… • MoS2 electronics • A few additional thoughts on future applications
- 10. tpalacios@mit.edu How to get graphene?
- 11. tpalacios@mit.edu Graphene discovery (The Scotch tape trick!) + = 2.5x 50x Monolayer Bilayer Few Layers Bulk Graphite 200x
- 12. Cu 1.) CH4 2.) T = 1000 °C – H2/Ar Graphene 3.) 4.) X.Li “Large Area Synthesis of High Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils” Science 2009. Graphene Domains Copper Domains 100 um Wrinkles Bilayers 5 μm CVD Graphene Synthesis
- 13. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 1.) Cu Etchant 2.) DiH2O3.) Substrate 4.) 5.) Acetone/H2 annealing 6.) ~1 inch Graphene Floating on Water CVD Graphene Synthesis
- 14. Graphene Automatic Transfer Robot Slide courtesy of Prof. Fernando Calle’s group (UPM)
- 15. tpalacios@mit.edu Large-Scale CVD Growth (Samsung Electronics) Bae et al, Nature Nanotechnology, 5, 574-578 (2009)
- 20. Applications in the not-too-distant future… (i.e. ~ 5 years)
- 21. Semitransparent electrode (solar cells, LEDs, displays, touch screens…) Data from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries
- 22. Semitransparent electrode (solar cells, LEDs, displays, touch screens…) Reina et al, Nano Letters, 9, 30 1 kg of graphite: $1.5 Rs ~ 100 W/sq
- 23. Nano-interconnections VREF VREF SA SA Graphene SA VREF VREF SASA SASA Graphene SASA 1.) Scaling of width of interconnect vs Cu – GNR Issues – Impurity Scattering, Line Edge roughness (LER) 2.) Low Noise – Reduce Capacitance between interconnects 3.) Next Steps – Doping, Multilayer, High Mobility, Substrate Choice – screening to lower scattering 4.) Resistivity Quenching due to higher T – Increase carrier concentration Intel
- 24. Passivation and anti-corrosion layers http://www.me.utexas.edu/news/2010/0110_graphene_carbon_citation.php http://www.dpaonthenet.net/article/53719/Potential-role-for-graphene-membranes-in-natural-gas-production.aspx http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2012/05/13401.html • Graphene is a perfect membrane. • It doesn’t even allow He to go through. • It is also very inert and reduces corrosion Many opportunities in new ultra-thin passivation layers, that reduce parasitics and increase reliability
- 25. Outline • Material synthesis • Graphene-based applications • Initial applications • Applications in the next ~5 years • Heterogeneous integration: • Mid-IR detectors • Chemical sensors • Beyond graphene… • MoS2 electronics • A few additional thoughts on future applications
- 26. Mid- and long-IR Detection Night Vision • Military Medical Imaging • Thermography Spectroscopy • Chemistry Challenges with incumbent technology: - Photodetectors: low temperature operation - Bolometers: expensive processing, slow response, opaque, form factor, non- zero-volt operation
- 27. M1 M2 CVD Graphene G2G1 M1 M2 CVD Graphene p++ Si SiO2 Al2O3 G1 G2 Graphene IR Detector h e Thermal Gradient (ΔT) IPC ~ (S1-S2)ΔT S1 S2 S – Seebeck Coefficient
- 28. Lock-in-Amp R θ DUT OAP1 DAQ Input Output VPC GateVoltage ref OAP2 Chopper 30-32 ˚C = 303 – 305 K Graphene mid-IR Detector
- 29. Mid-IR Imager System One chip integration
- 30. Single-chip Mid-IR Imager System
- 31. Imager Fixture Test Fixture Shared Pins 10 SAR ADCs Reserved Pins 80 x 60 Pixels Readout Circuit Schematics Issues on G-PD - Variable (Low to High) output impedance. Design requirements - Pixel amplifiers with low and adjustable input impedance. - Fast settling time. - Parallel ADCs. Graphene-PD AMP Select
- 32. Responsivity λ = 10.6 μm Ohmic Graphene IR Imager Chip Testing
- 33. 50#μm## VO# IDS# 1"kΩ" 1"kΩ" 10"kΩ" 1.5V" 1.5V"3.3V" 3.3V" 300#μm## A B C D E F G Row$1$ Row$2$ Row$3$ Row$N$ Col$1$ Col$2$ Col$3$ Col$N$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ FET$ Amplifier)Bank) Amplifier)Bank) VDS)Mux)Output)Mux) PC) μC) EGFET) Array) c o n n e c t o r PCB) USB Microcontroller Custom PCB Sensor Array Advantages of graphene sensors: • Higher gm (lower noise) than silicon • Back-end-of-the-line fabrication • Transparency Selective Ca2+ Sensing Graphene Chemical Sensors
- 34. Graphene Chemical Sensors Food monitoring Environmental safety Biosensors Industrial processes Explosive detection Challenges with incumbent technology: - Si ISFETs: Poor stability due to ion diffusion into SiO2, low gm (i.e. high noise), opaque
- 35. Outline • Material synthesis • Graphene-based applications • Initial applications • Applications in the next ~5 years • Heterogeneous integration: • Mid-IR detectors • Chemical sensors • Beyond graphene… • MoS2 electronics • A few additional thoughts on future applications
- 36. Opportunity: 100x more area? Transparent displays embedded in windows Photoluminescent ceilings Large area distributed speakers Ubiquitous sensors Ubiquitous energy harvesting Electronic wall-paper and desks to charge objects wirelessly …. Electronic wall-paper and desks to charge objects wirelessly Transparent displays embedded in windows Photoluminescent ceilings Internet in everything Ubiquitous sensors Large area distributed speakers Ubiquitous energy harvesting …. Opportunity… 100x more area?
- 37. Tracking Anti-Counterfeit tagsBlood/Wet detection Basic building blocks of ubiquitous electronics systems
- 39. MoS2 FET Compact Model Symbols Expt. Data Solid lines Model fits FET Device Performances Compact Model Verilog-A Code Circuit simulation
- 43. AND
- 44. OR
- 45. XNOR
- 46. 48 EM Wave Antenna AC current Diode DC current Regulator Graphene RF Harvesting DC current Load Simulation Measurements
- 47. 49 EM Wave Antenna AC current Diode DC current Regulator Graphene RF Harvesting DC current Load Simulation Measurements
- 48. source Drain Glass Gate MoS2 Isolation OLED Anode Cathode Cap ALD Cap Gate metal ALD+annealing Via hole etch S/D patterning SD deposition MoS2 transfer MoS2 mesa Isolation deposition 2nd Via hole ITO patterning OLED deposition Cathode deposition Flexible and Transparent Displays
- 49. Gate metal ALD+annealing Via hole etch S/D patterning SD deposition MoS2 transfer MoS2 mesa Isolation deposition 2nd Via hole ITO patterning OLED deposition Cathode deposition Flexible and Transparent Displays
- 50. A new form factor for electronics…
- 51. A new form factor for electronics…
- 52. Large scale 2D circuits
- 53. 3D printing of 2D electronics
- 56. Outline • Material synthesis • Graphene-based applications • Initial applications • Applications in the next ~5 years • Heterogeneous integration: • Mid-IR detectors • Chemical sensors • Beyond graphene… • MoS2 electronics • A few additional thoughts on future applications
- 57. One more application… Synthetic Cells (SynCells)
- 58. Opportunity: Performance density <10 mm3 0.000001 mm2/bit
- 59. First Generation of SynCells 10/19/2016 61 3 chemFETs conduct after exposure to chemical Readout circuit detects current in selected transistor ROM memory by selectively destroying some Creates unique 6-bit ID
- 60. Second generation of SynCells Origami of 2D circuits = 3D nanosystems
- 61. A New Era for Electronics…
- 62. •We are the beginning of a new era for electronics How to bring electronics to ALL objects? •A multidimensional approach is needed to demonstrate the full potential of 2D materials: •High quality material •Advanced processing technology •New device ideas •Many applications are quickly becoming competitive: •Mid-IR detectors •Chemical sensors •Large area / distributed electronics From Novel 2D Science to Devices and Systems
- 63. From Novel 2D Science to Devices and Systems
- 64. Acknowledgements • Palacios’ Group: – Allen Hsu – Lili Yu – Alberto Bosca – Han Wang – Benjamin Mailly – Xu Zhang – Sunghae Ha – Justin Wu – Rachel Luo – Ahmad Zubair • M. Dresselhaus’ group • J. Kong’s group • P. Jarillo-Herrero’s group • T. Swager’s group • M. Strano’s group • V. Bulovic’s group • A. Chandrakasan’s group • F. Calle’s group at UPM • J. M. Garrido’s group at WSI/ICN2 • Dawn Nida and Lu Wang
- 65. From Novel 2D Science to Devices and Systems