The document provides an overview of spending patterns across different socio-economic classes (SECs) in urban and rural India. It includes data on average household incomes, asset ownership, expenditure allocation, demographics, priorities, and technology adoption across SECs in urban areas. For rural areas, it outlines metrics like education levels, media exposure, and product penetration. Various charts and tables present data on incomes, expenditures, assets, demographics, and consumer preferences for both urban and rural populations in India.

1. CONTENTS
Spending Patterns across SECs
Essay: Understanding Consumer India by Rama Bijapurkar ..................................................45
Consumer India in Terms of Income Quintiles ............................................................................46
The Urban vs. Rural Income Index....................................................................................................48
Urban Consumers ......................................................................................................51
SECs in the Total Urban Population..................................................................................................52
Average Monthly Household Incomes of Urban SECs ..............................................................52
Distribution of Monthly Household Incomes of Urban SECs ................................................53
The New Urban Indian Consumer Pyramid ..................................................................................53
Ownership of Asset Categories at the Household Level..........................................................54
Ownership of Various Vehicles at the Household Level ..........................................................55
Ownership of Popular Physical Assets/Durables at the Household Level ........................55
Ownership of Popular Financial Assets at the Household Level ..........................................56
House Ownership Levels and Type of House ..............................................................................56
Average Allocation of Household Expenditure among Major Spends* ............................56
District/Town Class by Population Size ..........................................................................................58
Educational Level and Occupation ..................................................................................................59
Gender of Chief Wage Earner ............................................................................................................60
Age of Chief Wage Earner ....................................................................................................................60
Preferred Language of Chief Wage Earner ....................................................................................61
Marital Status of Chief Wage Earner ..............................................................................................61
Top 5 Priorities across SECs ................................................................................................................61
Top 5 Luxuries across SECs ..................................................................................................................62
Top 10 Necessities across SECs1 ........................................................................................................63
Top 5 Attributes Defining Social Status..........................................................................................64
Personality Orientation across SECs ................................................................................................65
Active Members of Professional Associations/Community Clubs/
Religious Groups ........................................................................................................................67
Technology Orientation across SECs ..............................................................................................69
Indoor Entertainment Activities/Pastimes ....................................................................................70
Top 5 Hobbies and Interests ..............................................................................................................71
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2. Contents
Top 10 Preferred Attributes While Buying Products/Services ................................................73
Usage of Various Media at Home......................................................................................................74
Most Trusted Medium for Information on Products/Services ................................................74
Top 5 Lifestyle Diseases ........................................................................................................................75
Media Overview - All Metros........................................................................................................76-78
Ownership of Consumer Durables - All Metros ....................................................................79-81
Rural Consumers ......................................................................................................82
Educational Level of the Homemaker vs. Product Penetration (%) ....................................82
Exposure to TV & Cable & Satellite (C&S) vs. Consumer Durables Penetration (%)........83
Exposure to TV & Cable & Satellite (C&S) vs. FMCG Penetration (%)....................................83
Gender Literacy among 12 Years + Individuals (%)....................................................................84
Highest Educational Level in a Household - 10th Grade & Above (%)................................84
Homemaker Literacy (%)......................................................................................................................85
TV Ownership (%) ..................................................................................................................................85
Cable & Satellite (C&S) Availability (%)............................................................................................86
Penetration of Consumer Durables (%) ..........................................................................................87
Penetration of Food and Beverages (%) ........................................................................................87
Penetration of Personal and Household Products (%)..............................................................88
Global Outlook ..........................................................................................................89
Consumer Confidence Index ........................................................................................................... ..90
Actions in June 09 vs Predicted Actions in March 09 (%) ........................................................91
% Utilising Spare Cash after Covering Essential Expenses ......................................................91
Analyst's View: Striving for a Better Life by Santosh Desai ......................................................92
Growth in the Consumer Markets
Essay: The Resurgent Tiger by Ramesh Srinivas ..........................................................................97
The Food and Beverages Industry ................................................................................102
Food Consumption in India..............................................................................................................102
Share in Total Consumption across Product Categories........................................................104
Change in Overall Consumption Spends across Product Categories
(USD billions) ............................................................................................................................104
Expected Growth of Food Private Final Consumption Expenditure
(PFCE) ..........................................................................................................................................105
India's Rank Relative to the World in Various Agri-products ................................................106
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3. Contents
Market Size and Composition of Fruits and Vegetables ........................................................106
Spends on Agri-products (USD millons) ......................................................................................107
Market Size and Composition of Dairy Products......................................................................107
Milk and Milk Products Production in India ..............................................................................108
Spends on Milk and Milk Products (USD millions) ..................................................................108
Milk and Milk Products Processing Statistics, India ................................................................109
Total Meat Statistics in India ............................................................................................................110
Market Size and Composition of Buffalo Meat and Poultry Products ..............................111
Broiler Meat and Beef Production vs. Consumption in India ..............................................111
Fish and Fisheries Products Processing Statistics, India ........................................................112
Market Size and Composition of Fish and Marine Products ................................................113
Spends on Meat and Marine Products (USD millions)............................................................113
Awareness of 'New Food' Types ......................................................................................................114
Meals Consumed Over a Week........................................................................................................114
Most Important Meal to Stay in Good Health............................................................................115
Incidence of Consuming Egg in any form in the Course of a Month................................115
Indian Food Industry (USD billions) ..............................................................................................116
Incidence of 'Ordering in'/ 'Eating out' Chaat Items -in the Course of a Month ..........116
Indian Food Processing Industry ....................................................................................................117
Processed Food Output......................................................................................................................118
Packaged Food Industry ....................................................................................................................118
Market Size and Composition of Packaged Foods ..................................................................119
Segments Contributing to the Growth of the Packaged Food Industry (%)..................119
Growth Trend of the Packaged Food Industry ..........................................................................119
Market Segmentation in Confectionery ......................................................................................120
Confectionery Market Size (by Volume) ......................................................................................120
Confectionery Market Size (by Value) ..........................................................................................120
Indian Soft Drink Market by Volume (litres billion)..................................................................121
Forecast Off-trade vs. On-trade Sales of Soft Drinks (as Sold) by Channel:
% Volume Growth 2008-2013 ............................................................................................121
Forecast Off-trade Sales of Soft Drinks (as Sold) by Region: Volume 2008-2013 ........122
Forecast Off-trade Sales of Soft Drinks (as Sold) by Sector: Volume 2008-2013 ..........122
SWOT Analysis ......................................................................................................................................123
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4. Contents
Indian Alcoholic Drinks Market ......................................................................................................124
Indian Spirits Market Value ..............................................................................................................124
Indian Beer Market Value ..................................................................................................................124
Indian Wine Market Value..................................................................................................................124
Wine Consumption - Volume and Growth..................................................................................124
Wine Consumption Across Cities and Segments......................................................................125
Domestic Production of Wine - Volume and Growth..............................................................125
Imported Wines - Volume and Growth ........................................................................................126
Forecast Sales of Health and Wellness Food and Beverages by Sector:
Value 2008-2012 ......................................................................................................................128
India's Food and Drink Trade............................................................................................................129
Forecast Units, Transactions and Value Sales in Consumer Food
Service - 2008-2013 ................................................................................................................130
Market Size and Growth in Warehousing Space (USD billions) ..........................................130
The Automobile Industry ........................................................131
Domestic Sales Trend of Automobiles (FY09) ............................................................................132
Share of the Various Automotives..................................................................................................135
Passenger Vehicles (PVs): Domestic Sales Trend (FY09) ........................................................136
Passenger Cars: Segment-wise Y-o-Y Domestic Sales Growth (FY09)...............................136
PVs: Domestic Sales by Manufacturers ........................................................................................137
PVs: Manufacturer's Exports Share (FY09) ..................................................................................138
PV Industry Growth Drivers ..............................................................................................................138
Share in New Passenger Car Sale by Fuel Type ......................................................................139
Growth of Commercial Vehicles......................................................................................................140
Demand Potential of Buses ..............................................................................................................140
Goods Carrier: Segment-wise Domestic Sales Trend (FY09) ................................................141
Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) Goods Carrier: Segment-wise Y-o-Y
Domestic Sales Growth (FY09) ..........................................................................................142
Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicle (MHCV) Goods Carrier:
Y-o-Y Segment-wise Domestic Sales Growth (FY09) ..................................................142
Commercial Vehicle (CV): Segment-wise Y-o-Y Exports Growth (FY09) ..........................142
(CV): Tonnage-wise Y-o-Y Exports Growth (FY09) ....................................................................143
Domestic Sales Y-o-Y% Growth ......................................................................................................143
Domestic Annual CV Sales Outlook ..............................................................................................144
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Percentage Share of Each Sub-segment within Two-Wheelers (FY09) ..........................145
Two-Wheeler Sales Declined in 2007 but the Industry is Recovering Since 2008 ......145
Motorcycles: Segment-wise Y-o-Y Domestic Sales Growth (FY09) ....................................146
Domestic Market Share by Volume: (FY09) ................................................................................147
Three-Wheelers: Domestic Sales Trend (FY09) ..........................................................................147
Sale of Auto Components ................................................................................................................148
Auto Component Exports ................................................................................................................148
Geographic Distribution Spanning a Huge Customer Base in Rural Areas.................... 149
Percentage of Households in Each Income Category.............................................................150
Rural vs. Urban Penetration of Selected Products ..................................................................151
Examples of Companies Sourcing Components Either from Local
Suppliers or One’s Own Manufacturing Facilities ....................................................................152
Companies Sourcing/Planning to Source Completely Built Units (CBUs) from India 152
Expected Growth Rates in FY2010 ................................................................................................154
FMCG and Consumer Durables ................................................155
FMCG Industry is Expected to Triple in Size by 2018 ..............................................................155
FMCG Industry Category Breakup..................................................................................................156
FMCG Sector Growth ..........................................................................................................................156
Category Penetration in India..........................................................................................................158
Growth Drivers ......................................................................................................................................158
Share of Wallet ......................................................................................................................................159
Rising Urbanisation..............................................................................................................................160
Growth of Retail (US$ billions) ........................................................................................................160
Investments by Retail Format - 2007-2014 ................................................................................161
FMCG Share in Modern Retail ..........................................................................................................161
LCD TV Demand in the World ..........................................................................................................162
Projected Scenarios in the FMCG Industry, 2008-2013 ..........................................................162
Ownership of Consumer Durables by Households - Urban India ............................166-169
Ownership of Consumer Durables by Households - Rural India ..............................170-173
Ownership of Consumer Durables by Households - All India ....................................174-177
Forecast Sales of Consumer Electronics by Sector - Volume 2008-2013 ........................178
Forecast Sales of Consumer Electronics by Sector: % Volume
Breakdown - 2008-2013 ........................................................................................................178
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6. Contents
Personal Care and Accessories ................................................179
Forecast for the Colour Cosmetics Market (Million US$), 2009-2012................................179
Forecast Sales of Cosmetics and Toiletries by Sector: Value 2008-2013 ..........................180
Forecast Sales of Cosmetics and Toiletries by Region: Value 2008-2013 ........................181
Percentage-wise Consumption of Skin Creams/anti-creams/liquids by
Urban Households ..................................................................................................................181
Percentage-wise Consumption of Skin Creams/anti-creams/liquids by
Rural Households, 2007-09 ..................................................................................................182
Usage of Hair Oils/Dressings in Urban India: % of Volumes, 2007-09 ..............................183
Percentage-wise Usage of Hair Oils/Dressings by Rural Households, 2007-09 ............184
Usage of Hair-wash Products in Urban India: % of Volumes, 2007-09 ............................185
Percentage-wise Usage of Hair-wash Products by Rural Households, 2007-09............186
Forecast for Toothpaste Market (Million US$), 2009-2012 ....................................................186
Usage of Dentifrices in Urban India: % of Volumes, 2007-2009..........................................187
Percentage-wise Usage of Dentifrices by Rural Households, 2007-2009 ........................187
Usage of Toothbrushes in Urban India: % of Volumes, 2007-2009 ....................................188
Percentage-wise Usage of Toothbrushes by Rural Households, 2007-2009 ..................189
Forecast for Toothbrush Market (Million US$), 2009-2012....................................................189
Forecast for the Spa Market (Million US$), 2009-2012 ..........................................................190
Forecast for Gold Jewellery Sales (Billion US$), 2009-10 to 2011-12 ................................190
Forecast for Share in World Gold Consumption (2012).........................................................192
Forecast for Diamond Jewellery Market (Billion US$), 2009-10 & 2010-11 ....................192
Baby Care and Products ..........................................................193
Forecast Sales of Baby Care by Sub-sector: Value (2008-2013) ..........................................193
Forecast Baby Care Premium Versus Mass % Analysis (2008-2013) ..................................194
Diapers Market (Rs. Crore), 2008 and 2009 ................................................................................195
Share of Brands in Diapers Market (2008) ..................................................................................195
Forecast for Diapers Market (Rs. Crore), 2008 & 2009 ............................................................196
Skin Care Market (Rs. Crore), 2008 & 2009 ..................................................................................196
Forecast for Skin Care Market (Rs. Crore), 2010-2013 ............................................................196
Baby Skin Care Brand Shares by Retail Value, 2007-2008 (% Retail Value RSP) ............197
Forecast Sales of Baby Care by Sub-sector: % Value Growth (2008-2013)......................197
Forecast Sales of Toys and Games by Sector: Value (2008-2013)........................................198
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Sales of Toys and Games by Distribution Format: % Analysis 2004-2009 ......................198
Forecast Sales of Toys and Games by Sector: % Value Growth (2008-2013) ..................199
Toys and Games Company Shares by Value 2004-2008................................................201-202
Forecast Sales of Toys and Games by Sector: Value 2009-2014 ..........................................204
Analyst's View: Golden Geese, Steel Safes - The Evolving Consumer Market
by Devangshu Dutta ..........................................................................................................................206
Consumption Patterns and Trends in the Services Sector
Essay: The Emerging Breed of Service Brands by Swapan Seth ..........................................211
The Media and Entertainment Industry ..................................214
Size of the Indian Media & Entertainment (M & E) Industry ................................................216
Share of Channel Genres at All India Level ................................................................................217
Pay Direct to Home (DTH) Subscriber Base ................................................................................218
Cable Households in India ................................................................................................................218
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) Subscribers ........................................................................219
Average Time Spent Watching Television....................................................................................219
Distribution of TV Households ........................................................................................................222
Size of Indian Television Industry ..................................................................................................222
Projected Growth of Television Distribution, Advertising and
Content - 2009-2013............................................................................................................................223
Projected Growth of TV, Pay TV, Cable TV and DTH Households - 2009-2013 ..............224
Projected Size of Indian Print Media Industry ..........................................................................225
Print Advertising Sectors by Volumes ..........................................................................................226
Print Media Break-up by Segments ..............................................................................................226
Projected Growth of Newspaper and Magazine Publishing - 2009-2013 ......................227
Projected Growth of Print Industry Advertising and Circulation - 2009-2013 ..............227
Ratio of Local to National Advertisements on Radio ..............................................................228
Size of Indian Radio Industry ..........................................................................................................228
Projected Growth of Indian Radio Industry................................................................................229
Size of Indian Music Industry ..........................................................................................................230
Projected Growth of Indian Music Industry - 2009-13 ..........................................................230
Size of Indian Animation Industry..................................................................................................231
Size of Indian Gaming Industry ......................................................................................................232
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8. Contents
Projected Growth of Indian Animation and Gaming Industry 2009-13 ..........................234
Size of Indian Film Industry ..............................................................................................................235
Number of Multiplex Screens ..........................................................................................................236
Composition of Film Revenues........................................................................................................237
Projected Growth of Indian Filmed Entertainment Industry-2009-13..............................238
Projected growth of Indian Internet Advertising Industry-2009-13 ................................240
Projections for Major Sectors in the M & E Industry - 2009-2013 ......................................240
Outlook for the Indian M & E Industry 2009-2013 ..................................................................241
Healthcare and Wellness Services............................................243
Average Annual Growth Rate in Healthcare Infrastructure
Expenditure (2009-2013) ......................................................................................................244
Cumulative Expenditure on Healthcare Infrastructure ..........................................................245
Ratio of Forecast Cumulative Expenditure on Healthcare to the Forecast
Average for All States (2009-2013)....................................................................................246
Individual Needs are Influenced by Changing Lifestyle Trends..........................................247
Changes in Needs and Consumption Patterns ..........................................................................248
Expected Double Digit Growth Potential for Most of the Core
Segments and Sub-segments in the Wellness Space ............................................................249
Growth to be Aided by the Large Base of Addressable Retail Consumer Class............250
Non-Compensation Expenses (NCE)* ..........................................................................................251
Growth is Being Augmented by Strategic Alliances across the Value Chain ................252
The Wellness Economy in India ......................................................................................................253
Key Challenges in the Wellness Space .........................................................................................255
Sales of OTC Healthcare by Sector: Value 2008-2013..............................................................257
Sales of OTC Healthcare by Region: Value 2008-2013 ............................................................258
Sales of OTC Healthcare by Region: %Value Growth (2008-2013) ....................................259
Hospitality and Tourism Services ............................................261
Indian Hospitality Industry Outlook..............................................................................................261
Market Size and Projections* ..........................................................................................................262
Market Size and Projections of the Restaurant Sector* ........................................................262
Quick Service Restaurants (QSRs) in India ..................................................................................263
Growth of Retail vs Retail and Healthcare ..................................................................................263
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9. Contents
Investment Needs ................................................................................................................................264
Incentives at Central and State Level............................................................................................265
Contribution of the Hospitality Sector to GDP..........................................................................266
Changing Consumer Dynamics and Ease of Finance ............................................................266
FDI Inflow Break-up ............................................................................................................................267
Credit Card Base in 2008....................................................................................................................267
Domestic Tourist Arrivals ..................................................................................................................268
International Tourist Arrivals ............................................................................................................268
Current Supply of Hotel Rooms ......................................................................................................269
Gap in the Number of Hotel Rooms ............................................................................................269
India's Share in the Global Medical Tourism Market (2008)..................................................271
Hospital Market in India (billion US$), 2008 and 2012 ..........................................................271
Forecast for India's Share in the Global Medical Tourism Market ......................................272
Key Operating Characteristics by Major City - Occupancy ..................................................272
Key Operating Characteristics by Major City - Average Rate ..............................................273
Growth of Room Supply - India (1998/99-2013/14) ..............................................................274
Reasons for Eating Out ......................................................................................................................275
Online Market Share by Channel....................................................................................................276
Market Size and Growth ....................................................................................................................276
Online Travel ..........................................................................................................................................276
Growing Internet Users ......................................................................................................................277
Urban vs. Rural Split ............................................................................................................................277
Package Resellers Commission ......................................................................................................277
Online Ticket Booking - From Air to Non-air Segments ........................................................279
Revenues of Major OTAs (March 2008) ........................................................................................280
Global Distribution Systems (GDS) Market Share - India ......................................................280
Barriers to OTA Usage Amongst Non-users of the Category................................................281
Drivers of Brand Equity ......................................................................................................................282
Retail Services ........................................................................283
Organized Retail Penetration - Gap Created by Slowdown..................................................283
Year-on-Year Net Sales Growth........................................................................................................284
Operating Profit Margin ....................................................................................................................284
Net Profit Margin ..................................................................................................................................285
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10. Contents
Rentals Eating into Profit Margins of Retailers ..........................................................................288
Classification of Cities and Towns ..................................................................................................289
Buying Power is Concentrated in 8 Tier-1 Cities Today ..........................................................290
KPMG Research on Consumer Markets ........................................................................................291
Retailers will Need to be 'Famous for' Something ..................................................................292
Share of Wallet in India is Shifting from Food to More Discretionary Spending ..........293
Fresh Food, Ethnic Apparel and Mobile Electronics will be Key Categories
for Organized Retail ................................................................................................................294
India's Apparel Market is Dominated by Men's Wear ............................................................295
Non-food Categories will Lead the Shift to Organized Retail ..............................................296
Organized Retail Penetration ..........................................................................................................296
Share in Retail ........................................................................................................................................297
Modern Retailing to Touch $170 Billion by 2018......................................................................298
Domestic BPO Services ............................................................299
The New Economies of the Indian BPO Industry......................................................................300
Vertical Sector-wise Analysis of Domestic BPOs ......................................................................301
Manpower Employed by Vertical....................................................................................................301
Market Share of Third-party Service Providers ..........................................................................303
Current and Projected Cost Structure of the Domestic Market (% of Revenue) ..........304
Key Industry Metrics............................................................................................................................305
Projected EBITDA Margins for Domestic BPOs ........................................................................306
Domestic BPO Revenues from Telecom ......................................................................................306
Manpower Employed by Telecom BPO ........................................................................................307
Domestic BPO Revenues from Banking ......................................................................................307
Manpower Employed by Banking BPO ........................................................................................308
Insurance Industry Growth by Premiums Collected................................................................308
Domestic BPO Revenue from the Insurance Sector ................................................................309
Manpower Employed by BPOs in the Travel Sector ................................................................309
Domestic BPO Revenue from the Travel Sector ........................................................................310
Projected Domestic BPO Revenue from Customer Care ......................................................310
Projected Domestic BPO Revenue from Sales and Marketing ............................................311
Projected Domestic BPO Revenue from Finance and Accounting ....................................311
Analyst's View: Everything as a Service by Premjeet Sodhi ................................................312
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11. Contents
Youth Spends in India
Essay: Emerging Youth Trends by Neerja Wable and Radhika Shapoorjee ....................317
Weekly Spends by Teens ........................................................................................324
Average Weekly Money Received and Money Spent..............................................................325
Division of Money Received Range-wise ....................................................................................325
Amount Spent on Key Categories by Boys ................................................................................326
Amount Spent on Key Categories by Girls..................................................................................327
Cell Phone Usage ....................................................................................................327
Cellphone Ownership (%) ................................................................................................................328
Cellphone Activities in Past 30 Days (Number of Times a Month) ....................................328
Top Cell Phone Brands (%) ................................................................................................................328
Means of Transport..................................................................................................329
Driving License Ownership - Motorcycle ....................................................................................329
Means of Transportation....................................................................................................................329
Eating Habits............................................................................................................330
Views on Fast Food ..............................................................................................................................330
Preferred Food when Eating Out - Zone-wise ..........................................................................331
While Watching the Internet ............................................................................................................332
While Watching the TV ......................................................................................................................332
Online Spending ......................................................................................................332
Online Spending Incidence (%) ......................................................................................................333
Things Purchased Online (%) ..........................................................................................................333
Media and the Youth Market ..................................................................................333
Media-wise Characteristics (%)........................................................................................................334
Incidence of Media Usage - Gender-wise....................................................................................334
Favourite Magazines by Gender (%)..............................................................................................335
Favourite Magazines by Zone (%) ..................................................................................................336
Favourite Magazine Sections (%)....................................................................................................336
Newspaper Readership ..........................................................................................336
Newspaper Readership: Town-wise ..............................................................................................337
Time Spent Reading Newspapers (Traditional vs Online) (%) ............................................337
Sections Most Read in a Newspaper (%) ....................................................................................338
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12. Contents
TV Viewership ..........................................................................................................338
Favourite TV Channels (%) ................................................................................................................339
Favourite TV Show (%) ........................................................................................................................340
Favourite TV Channels Zone-wise (%) ........................................................................................340
Favourite TV Commercials (%) ........................................................................................................341
Entertainment Online ............................................................................................341
Favourite Online Activities (Number of Times a Month) ...................................................... 342
Exercises and Sports................................................................................................342
Kind of Exercise Done (Gender-wise across SEC A and SEC B) ............................................343
Sports Played by them - Gender and Occupation-wise across SECs ..............................343
Outdoor Sports Played ...................................................................................................................... 344
Favourite Sports - Top 5 ....................................................................................................................344
Preferred Ways of Spending Free Time..................................................................345
Preferred Ways of Spending Time ..................................................................................................345
Top 3 hangouts ....................................................................................................................................346
Saving and Investing ..............................................................................................346
Effect on Category Purchase when Money is Tight (%) ........................................................346
Average Monthly Saving....................................................................................................................347
Brand Building ........................................................................................................348
Top 3 Brands (Categorised by Gender, Age,
Socio-economic Class, Town Class)................................................................................................348
Top 5 Brands and Reasons for Choosing Them ........................................................................349
Analyst's View: The ‘Generation Next’ in India by Sanjay Tiwari..........................................350
The Education Market
Essay: Freeing up Education by Bibek Debroy ..........................................................................355
Industry Overview ..................................................................................................363
The Education Industry has been Growing Strongly (USD 50bn)......................................363
Indian Education System ..................................................................................................................364
Education Market Segmentation....................................................................................................365
Total Education Market -Size and Growth ..................................................................................365
Favourable Demographics is a Key Factor Influencing the Higher
Education Story ........................................................................................................................367
Demographics Data ............................................................................................................................368
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Demand Supply ....................................................................................................................................368
Type of Institutions across Schools................................................................................................369
Enrolment by Grade Level ................................................................................................................369
Schooling: Enrolment in Grades 1 to 12 ......................................................................................370
Percentage Break-up of Sectorwise Public Expenditure on Education............................370
Projected Growth ................................................................................................................................371
Aggregate Annual Disposable Income (INR tn) ........................................................................371
Distribution of Income Among the Middle Class ....................................................................372
A Public Private Partnership Model ..............................................................................................373
Higher Education ....................................................................................................373
Higher Education Institutes..............................................................................................................374
Import of Education ............................................................................................................................374
Indian Higher Education Segment ................................................................................................375
The Leaders in this Segment............................................................................................................376
Higher Education and Skill Development: Projected Growth ............................................376
Higher Education Market Size and Growth ................................................................................377
Market Segmentation (Higher Education) ..................................................................................377
Skill Development and Vocational Training................................................................................377
Enrolment in Higher Education ......................................................................................................378
Enrolment Levels Across Countries................................................................................................378
Low Public Spending on Higher Education................................................................................379
Annual Public Expenditure on Higher Education per Student ..........................................379
Lack of Co-operation between Government and Private Sector Entities
has Hampered Public Private Partnerships....................................................................380
Privatization in India has Emerged in Various Forms ..............................................................381
Distribution of Population Opting for Higher Education ......................................................381
Revenue Generation by Private Players ......................................................................................382
India Lacks Large Players in the Higher Education Market ..................................................382
India: One of the most Promising Global Destinations for Higher Education ..............383
Introduction of an Independent National Commission for Higher Education
and Research (NCHER) as the Apex Body in Education ............................................384
Vocational Education ..............................................................................................384
Break-up of Vocational Education by Market Segment ........................................................385
Student Intake Restrictions in First Year of Operations..........................................................386
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14. Contents
Share of Labour Force Receiving Vocational Training ............................................................386
Student Intake Restrictions in First Year of Operation ..........................................................387
Norms for Subsequent Years of Operation ................................................................................387
The E-learning Market in India ..............................................................................386
E-learning Market in India (2008-2012e) ....................................................................................387
Online Education ..................................................................................................................................388
Multimedia and ICT in Schools........................................................................................................388
Low Penetration in Schools and Government Initiatives to Promote
Computer Education Driving the E-learning Market ................................................388
Government Spends on Sarva Siksha Abhiyan ........................................................................389
Analyst's View: Educating India by Sangeeta Goyal ..............................................................390
Telecom in India
Essay: A Global Telecom Market by Prashant Singhal ............................................................395
Access Services ........................................................................................................399
Subscriber Base and Teledensity - Rural and Urban................................................................399
Market Share - Rural and Urban......................................................................................................400
Composition of Access Subscription - Wireline and Wireless ............................................400
Gross Revenue (GR), Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR), License Fee (LF)
and Spectrum Charges..........................................................................................................401
Access Services - Service Provider-wise Gross Revenue ........................................................401
Category-wise Growth Rate in Access Services ........................................................................402
Category-wise Share in Access Revenue ....................................................................................402
Wireline Services ....................................................................................................402
Wireline Subscriber Base and Teledensity - Rural and Urban ..............................................402
Wireline Market Share - Rural and Urban ....................................................................................403
Number of (PCOs) ................................................................................................................................403
Growth in Wireline Subscribers ......................................................................................................403
Growth in Village Public ....................................................................................................................404
Telephones (VPTs) ................................................................................................................................404
Wireless Services ....................................................................................................404
Wireless on a Roll..................................................................................................................................404
Projected Circle-wise Wireless Subscribers (in millions) ........................................................405
Growth in Wireless Subscribers ......................................................................................................406
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15. Contents
Wireless Subscriber Base and Teledensity ..................................................................................406
Wireless Service: Service Provider-wise Net Additions during the Month......................406
Wireless Market Share - Rural and Urban ....................................................................................407
Rural Subscribers and Market Share..............................................................................................407
Wireless Subscription: GSM vs. CDMA ..........................................................................................408
Wireless Operators Market Share (March 2009)........................................................................408
Internet/Broadband Services ................................................................................408
Penetration of Broadband in Homes and Enterprises ............................................................409
Growth in Internet Users....................................................................................................................410
Trend in Growth of ‘Regular’ Urban Internet Users ..................................................................410
Years of Experience in Using Internet ..........................................................................................411
Growth in ‘Daily’ Internet Users ......................................................................................................412
Current Landscape of Internet Users in India ............................................................................412
Penetration Levels of Internet Users in India ............................................................................413
Ownership of Popular Assets Among Online Indians at the Household level ..............414
Top 10 Most Popular Online Brands (Most Used Websites)..................................................415
Broadband Access -Technologies and Market Share ..............................................................416
Internet Subscriber Base and Market Share of Top 10 ISPs ..................................................417
Wireless Internet Use on the Rise ..................................................................................................418
Broadband Growth to Pick up in India ........................................................................................418
Broadband Connections in 2014 ....................................................................................................419
Expected Number of Users by 2014 ..............................................................................................419
Broadband Roadmap for Inclusive Growth, 2009-2014 ........................................................420
Mobile Value-Added Services ................................................................................420
All India Mobile Subscriber Base ....................................................................................................420
Market Segmentation ........................................................................................................................421
MVAS Market Size and Growth........................................................................................................421
Mobile Advertising Market ..............................................................................................................422
Rural Mobile Subscribers ..................................................................................................................422
Mobile Teledensity ..............................................................................................................................422
Mobile Music Market ..........................................................................................................................423
Mobile Gaming Market ......................................................................................................................423
Forecast for Number of 3G Mobile Subscribers (million units), 2009-2012....................424
Businessworld Marketing Whitebook 2010-2011
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16. Contents
Forecast for 3G-enabled Handset Sales (million units), 2009-2012 ..................................424
Average Revenue Per User (ARPUs) and Minutes of Usage (MOU) to Stabilise ............425
Socio-economic Characteristics that Enable Mobile Banking ............................................426
Key Drivers for Adoption of 3G and WinMax in India ............................................................426
The Telecom Tower Industry ..................................................................................427
Tower Requirement Estimates ........................................................................................................427
Majority of Telecom Operators are Using Shared Telecom Infrastructure ......................428
Major Tower Companies in India ....................................................................................................429
Growth in Subscribers(%)..................................................................................................................429
Analyst’s View: Telecom : Where is the Growth Going to Come From?
by Anjan Ghosh ........................................................................................................................430
Time Spent by Salesmen/Clerks on the Print Media............................................................... 432
30 Businessworld Marketing Whitebook 2010-2011