Lessons from managing mega disasters: Tsunami in Indonesia and Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar

1. NAD –

2. 1
1 TSUNAMI ACEH AND CYCLONE NARGIS
2
3
CONTENT 4
5
6
7

3. IT ALL STARTED WITH THIS…
Tsunami Aceh

4. UNPRECEDENTED DAMAGE ALONG ACEH-NIAS
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Damage assessment
120.000 Houses destroyed
800 km
70.000 Houses damaged
x 1-6 km
14 Sea ports
destroyed!
120 Bridges
3.000 km Roads
1.052 Government buildings
2.000 School buildings
114 Health centers
193 km 20.000 ha Fish ponds
60.000 ha Agriculture land
Singapore coastline
100.000 SMEs
760 km
167.228 Students lost their schools
Jakarta Surabaya
2.500 Teachers died
Tsunami Aceh

5. UP TO 134,000 HOUSES HAVE BEEN BUILT
BUT, THE SITUATION HAS CHANGED SINCE THEN

6. SOME 3,600 KILOMETERS OF ROADS…
Tsunami Aceh

7. …AND BRIDGES
Tsunami Aceh

8. 1,400 SCHOOL BULDINGS AND 40,000 TEACHERS
PARTICIPATED IN TRAININGS
Tsunami Aceh

9. CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR…
140,000 people dead or missing
2.4 million people severely affected
4.1 USD billion losses and damage
8TH deadliest disaster in the world
THE WORST natural disaster in the
history of Myanmar
Comparable with the Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

10. TURNED THOUSANDS OF VILLAGES INTO THIS…..…
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

11. AND MADE MILLION OF PEOPLE LIVE IN TENTS…..…
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

12. …AN ABSOLUTE HUMANITARIAN CALL TO THE WORLD…
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

13. TODAY, 2 YEARS LATER …
THERE IS A HOPE FOR A NEW FUTURE
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

14. School Construction
Japan School construction at Tin Hkote Gyi, Kyait Latt

15. Hospital
Hospital contributed by Thailand in Daw Nyein village in Pyar Pon

16. School
School construction, contributed by Switzerland Government

17. Gaps … potentially found when mega disasters strike
1. Capacity of National Government to lead
2. Coordination mechanism
3. Trustable funding mechanisms
4. Monitoring and Information System
5. Strategy for linking disaster relief and
recovery with longer-term development
programs

18. 1
2 GOVERNMENT TO LEAD
3
CONTENT 4
5
6
7

19. BRR WAS ESTABLISHED AS A ONE-STOP SHOP FOR REHABILITATION AND
RECONSTRUCTION
“…we will rebuild Aceh and Nias. And we will build it back better.”
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
The President of Republic of Indonesia
Rehabilitation and
Executing Agency of BRR
Reconstruction Agency (BRR)
The mission
Aceh and Nias
• Established 16 April 2005 through • Restore livelihoods and strengthen communities
Government Regulation in Lieu of – Coordinated
Law No. 2/2005 and ratified by Law – Community-driven
No. 10/2005 – Highest professional standards
• Three governing bodies: • Facilitate and coordinate all players
– Advisory Board – Government
– Supervisory Board – Local, national, and international institutions
– Executing Agency
• Coordinate and implement government projects
Tsunami Aceh

20. INTEGRITY IS UPHELD AT THE UTMOST AS THE FOUNDATION
OF TRUST FROM ALL STAKEHOLDERS
BRR Integrity PactPact
BRR Integrity Anti-corruption unit unit
Anti-corruption (SAK) Internal Supervisory
Internal Supervisory
(SAK)
• BRR applies the integrity • BRR is the only
pact to all staffs, not only • BRR is the first government government agency
procurement related ones, agency to have an conducting 100% audit
and all its projects
ones, and all its projects autonomous and census (non-sampling)
independent anti-
• 100% compliance of LHKPN
corruption unit
Corruption Eradication
Corruption Eradication KPPN-K (treasury)
KPPN-K (treasury) Supervisory Board
Supervisory Board and
Commission (KPK) office Advisory Board
Commission (KPK) office and Advisory Boards
• BRR is the only
government agency in • BRR ensures its
• effectivenessits
BRR ensures
through the
• At BRR request, KPK Indonesian history to have effectiveness through the
a dedicated KPPN (national existence of autonomous
established its first existence of autonomous
treasury) representative Supervisory and Advisory
representative office Supervisory and Advisory
office Boards
outside Jakarta in Banda Boards
Aceh

21. ASEAN SUPPORTS THE GOVERNMENT OF MYANMAR
1. Brunei Darussalam
2. Cambodia
3. Indonesia
4. Laos
5. Malaysia
6. Myanmar
7. Philippines
8. Singapore
9. Thailand
10.Vietnam
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

22. RESPONDING TO THE AFTERMATH OF CYCLONE NARGIS IN MYANMAR, ON 19 MAY
2008, THE ASEAN FOREIGN MINISTERS AGREED TO ESTABLISH AN ASEAN-LED
COORDINATION
The Mandate:
“ to facilitate the effective distribution and utilization of assistance from the international
community, including the expeditious and effective deployment of relief workers, especially health
and medical personnel.”
The Special ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting Chairman ‘s Statement, Singapore, 19 May 2008
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

23. CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

24. 1
2
3 COORDINATION MECHANISM
CONTENT
4
5
6
7

25. BRR had to coordinate the efforts of over 800 donors and implementers
working in Aceh & Nias…
Ecosystem of donors and
implementers included:
• 374 International NGOs
• 27 Red Cross & Red
Crescents
• 19 UN Agencies
• 155 National NGOs
• 65 Multi & Bilateral Agencies
• 201 Private Sector &
Community participants
25
Source: BRR Tsunami Aceh

26. THE ASEAN-LED COORDINATION IS A COORDINATION AT ALL LEVELS TO FACILITATE THE
EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF INCOMING INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
ASEAN Policy Provide policy decisions and set the priorities and
Humanitarian targets with regard to the implementation of the
coordination ASEAN-led initiative
Task Force
Tripartite Core Overall Operational (i) Coordinate resources; (ii) Facilitate operations
including access for humanitarian workers (iii)
Group (TCG) coordination Coordinate monitoring of and evaluation on the
progress and achievements
TCG Recovery National Technical • Overall management of recovery coordination at national
level
Coordination coordination • The RCC is to the combined secretariat to the Recovery
Centre (RCC) Forum and the TCG,
• Centre for the information and analysis
TCG Recovery • coordination between the Township Coordination Committees and
Field Coordination
Hub Offices humanitarian agencies in affected communities.
• Four Hub Offices were established in Bogale, Labutta, Pyapon and
(RHO) Yangon
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

27. 1
2
3
CONTENT
4 MANAGING TRUST
5
6
7

28. COMMITMENT LEVEL DEMONSTRATES REMARKABLE TRUST FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Total Fund
USD Billion 93%
7.1 7.2
7.2
0.5 6.7
4.9
Damage Build back Pledged Committed
assessment
Tsunami Aceh

29. FIRST ASEAN-UN INTERNATIONAL PLEDGING CONFERENCE CONDUCTED ON 25 MAY 2008 IN
YANGON, THE WORLD RESPONDED QUICKLY ..THANKS FOR THE COMMITMENT AND SUPPORTS!
FLASH APPEAL
USD
37,444,085
69.2%
USD 477
million
USD 330
million
Pledged Committed

30. ON 25 NOVEMBER 2009, ASEAN INITIATED AND LED A POST NARGIS ASSISTANCE CONFERENCE
(PONAC) TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES TO ADDRESS IMMEDIATE CRITICAL NEEDS..
85% DONORS
USD 103,5
million USD 88,5 Australia
million Denmark
EC
Germany
Japan
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Singapore
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
USA
Prioritized Committed
Action Plan
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

31. DONORS CAN FREELY CHOOSE THE MOST PREFERRED FUNDING MECHANISM TO
SUPPORT PONREPP PRIORITIZED ACTION PLAN
DONORS
UN Agencies NGOs Govt. of the Trust Fund ASEAN
Union of
Myanmar
Prioritized Action
Plan Projects
Implementing directly
or through
implementing partners
BENEFICIARIES
CYCLONE NARGIS MYANMAR

32. 1
2
3
CONTENT
4
5 MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY
6
7

33. RECOVERY INFORMATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM IS IN PLACE TO ASSURE THE
ACCOUNTABILITY OF YOUR AID AND IMPROVE SERVICE DELIVERY TO BENEFICIARIES
DONORS
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
MAPS
 PROJECT Post-Nargis
 IMPLEMENTOR(S) CHARTS
 LOCATION(S)
PERIODIC
 DELIVERABLES REVIEW GRAPHS
R ECOVERY ANALYTICAL PRODUCTS
C OORDINATION DATABASE EXTRACTS
C ENTER
WEBSITE
 HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY
 RECOVERY HUBS OFFICE BENEFICIARIES
 RECOVERY WORKING GROUPS
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

34. RIAS IS DESIGNED TO TRACK PROGRESS FROM DONORS TO IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES..
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

35. AND ... ALSO TRACKS EACH SPECIFIC PROJECT TROUGH “PROTRACK” SYSTEM
CYCLONE NARGIS, MYANMAR

36. 1
2
3
CONTENT
4
5
6 ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY
7

37. Incorporating Disaster Management into
Development Programs
Post-
Disaster disaster
1. Emergency / relief
Victims 2. Recovery
Damage and loss 3. Development
Survivors
Pre- incorporating disaster
risk management
disaster (Build back better)
Normal development

38. IT IS CRUCIAL TO MANAGE SMOOTH TRANSITION FROM RECOVERY TO NORMAL
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
GOVERNMENT OF CAPACITY BUILDING
MYANMAR
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
ASEAN
POST NARGIS
ASEAN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS
ASEAN
REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
ASEAN HUMANITARIAN TASK FORCE, MYANMAR

39. 1
2
3
CONTENT
4
5
6
7 KEYS FOR ADDRESSING LARGE SCALE DISASTERS

40. INSTITUTION IS KEY FOR SUCESSFUL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
REGULATION
Institutional framework
that shows the leadership
of national government
Professionalism, integrit Flexibility to reflect supported by recovery
y, sincerity, passion..and needs with effective partners
strong leadership monitoring and
evaluation
ASSESMENT, REC
OVERY PLAN ORGANIZATION
EXECUTING +
CAPACITY STRUCTURE
MONITORING
AND EVALUATION
Adequate authority to decide
, non bureaucratic, quick
Adequate funding with decision making process and
elements of high ability to adapt
speed, flexibility and (restructure) toward
accountability operational needs on the field
FUNDING

41. KEYS FOR ADDRESSING LARGE-SCALE DISASTERS
1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO LEAD – THERE MUST BE A CLEAR AUTHORITY AND
TRUSTABLE LEADERSHIP BY THE GOVERNMENT
2. COORDINATION AT ALL LEVELS: FROM POLICY TO IMPLEMENTATION, INVOLVING ALL
PARTNERS FROM DONORS TO COMMUNITY
3. MANAGING TRUST, ENSURING THAT FUNDS ARE SPENT IN ACCOUNTABLE AND
TRANSPARENT MANNER
4. HAVING AN INTEGRATED MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEM, WHICH TRACKS
THE FLOW OF FUNDS FROM DONORS TO BENEFICIARIES
5. ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY: THE NEEDS FOR EFFECTIVE STRATEGY TO SUPPORT THE
INTEGRATION OF RELIEF AND RECOVERY PROGRAMS WITH LONG-TERM
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

42. Thank You
together for humanity