This is a presentation that I made for my boss since he become a keynote speaker in Thermofluid IV National Seminar @ Gajah Mada University. The presentation give a brief discuss about Indonesia’s latest issues on Macro Economic Perspective and Energy issues. It also discuss how technology could take part on solving electricity issues.

1. power generation
& energy electricity issues in
Indonesia
Iwan Agung Firstantara
GM PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pembangkitan Jawa Bali
Thermofluid VI 2014
Yogyakarta, April 29, 2014
Gajah Mada University

2. About
Speaker
@ GM_UPJB
Iwan Agung Firstantara was born in Jogjakarta, on October 1969. He
graduated from Gajah Mada University with a major in Mechanical
Engineering in 1993, and Master of Management also in the same
University.
Iwan is a General Manager of PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pembangkitan
Jawa Bali, one of PLN’s Strategic Business Unit that respondsible for
the Operation & Maintenance of 14 Power Generation Unit across
Java-Bali Interconecting System (making it the biggest total asset
compared to IP, PJB &IPP)

3. 1
2
3
4
Macro Economic Perspective
Facts of Indonesia’s Economic Situation
Indonesia’s Energy Outlook
Energy current Trends and Challenge
Power Generation issues
Fast Track Program, Energy Mix, & Environment-Efficiency
How technology solve Eletricity’s Issue
Deal with Capacity & Efficiency matters

4. Macro Economic’s Perspective
Facts of Indonesia’s Economic Situations
Images taken from http://hqwide.com/
#Jakarta View #Wisma46
#BNITower

5. comes to your mind
Indonesia?
What
when you think of
Images taken from http:// globe-walls .com/
#HelloJakarta #Monas
#Istiqlalmosque

6. Images taken from http://listofimages/
Biggest Country
in S ou th East A sia
1 7 .0 0 0 islan d s
3 .1 million sq . km of sea
1 .9 million sq . km of lan d
2 4 7 million in h ab itants ( 2 0 1 2 )
#RajaAmpat #Beach
#BeautifulIndonesia

7. Images taken from http://wallpapersus
Biggest Economy
in S ou th East A sia
GDP $ 8 7 8 b illion ( 2 0 1 2 )
GDP g rowth 6 ,2 % ( 2 0 1 2 )
Inflation 4 ,3 % ( 2 0 1 2 )
#Jakarta@Night #Pancoran
#Patung Dirgantara

9. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012* 2013**
6,78
7,86
8,56
9,33
10,48
12,48
14,82
17,29
21,36
23,88
27,03
30,66
33,53
37,54
GDP
Source : BPS
Capita
( m i l l i o n r u p i a h )

10. GDP
Source : BPS
Consumption
Government
Investment
Stat Discrepancy
X - M -2 %
5 %
32 %
9 %
54 %
of 2013
The BIG growth of Indonesia’s GDP was
driven primarily by domestic consumption
“

11. Emerging middle class in
Indonesia
Middle- & High- class in
Indonesia has rose 5
times higher in the last
25 years
Source : BI (2013) Images taken from http://teropongbisnis.com/

12. Indonesia’s middle-class
proportion:
Yellow: $ 2-4/ day
Source : BI (2013)

14. Indonesia’s Energy Outlook
Energy Current Trends & Challenge
Images taken from http://wallsave.com/

15. Primary
Source : BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011 & World Economic Outlook Database April 2011, IMF
inSomeCountry
Intensity

16. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Energy Consumption
Capita
( B O E / C a p i t a )
3,46
Source : BPS
3,34
2,98
2,58
2,56
2,43
2,47
2,48
2,41
2,27
2,32
2,28

17. 11 11 12 13
15
17 18
21
23
25
27 28
34
36 37 36
40
42 44
46
48
46
51
55
31
33 34
36
39
41
44
47
50
55
60
65
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Business Industry Household
Electricity
Consumption
(in TWh)
Source : EMRPLN divided its customer into 5 segments: (1) Business, (2) Industry,
(3) Household, (4) Social, (5) Government

18. Images taken from http://globeimages.net/
#JakartaView #BunderanHI
#MonumenSelamatDatang
Since 2007
Household has outreach the electricity
consumption among other PLN’s
customer segments

19. Energy demand
has been increasing faster than economic
development and population growth
Images taken from natgeo society

20. Electricity Shortage
More than 70-80 million people
lack access to electricity
Images taken from http://phototony.com/

21. 1980 1985 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Electrification Ratio
( p e r c e n t )
73
76
67
66
65
63
62
57
43
28
16
8
Source : EMR
Highest : Jakarta (99,99%)
Lowest : Papua (35,89%)

22. Electricity is heaviliy subsidised
and currently customers pay for
electricity at far below market
price.
Reliance on Subsidies
Images taken from natgeo

23. Their estimated cost to government in 2013 is Rp 284 trillion and
increasing to Rp 328,7 in 2014 (state budget plan).
subsidies have created a massive
burden on the state budget.
Fuel &
Images taken from http:// 3.bp.blogspot.com/
Electricity
Source : Ministry of Finance

24. 60 57 57 53 57 55 51 50 49 48 47 48
13 15 15 19 17 19 23 27 23 23 24 27
23 22 24 24 21 21 22 19 24 25 23 21
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Oil Coal Gas Hydropower Geothermal Biofuel
Primary Energy Supply
Exclude Biomass
(in percent)
Source :CDI-EMR

25. Driven by three main things:
1. Electrification program
To support government program to accelerate electrification ratio
2. Economic growth
To support manufacturing and service companies to produce products
and services
3. Captive taking over
Meet large consumer demand, to take over captive and to meet large
customer demand
Demand of electricity is expected to grow fast
Images taken from http://touristrack.com/

26. Power Generation Issues
Fast Track Program, Energy Mix, & Environment-Efficiency
#LabuanCFSPP
#FTP-1 #2x300MW

27. PLN P3B as “System Owner”
and “Market Operator”
DistributionPower Generation (PLN or IPP)
P3B as Transmission Provider
Primary
Energy
Power
Generation
Transmisi Distribution
End
Customer
Availability of
Primary Energy:
quality, quantity,
time, cost
Availability:
reliable, safe,
efficient, quality
Availability:
reliable, safe,
efficient, quality;
Economic
optimisation;
Availability:
reliable, safe,
efficient,
Sufficiency &
quality of supply
Services:
simple, easy,
quick, quality;
Standard
Service
Standard
Service
Standard
Service
Standard
Service
Standard of
Public
Service
Electricity Supply Chain

28. To meet Indonesia’s growing demand
Issue#1
#RembangCFSPP #FTP-1
#SubcriticalPulverized
PLN is mandated to implement Fast Track Program (FTP)
for capacity expansion

29. FTP Phase 1 :
42 Coal-Fired Steam Power Plants of PLN’s Project
• 10 power plants with capacity of 6.900 MW in Java-Bali
• 32 power plants with 2.252 MW outside Java-Bali
FTP Phase 2 :
93 power plants (Hydro, Geothermal, & Coal-Fired Power Plant)
• 21 power plants of PLN’s Project
• 72 power plants of Partnership Project
#TjAwar-awarCFSPP
#CoalHandling #StackerReclaimer
Issue#1

30. Chinese’s Power Plants (FTP-1)
are cheaper than Japanese’s PP, but the
quality has likely not yet proven.
PLN also suffer from project completion
delay.
#PalabuanRatuProject
#Construction #FTP-1
Issue#1

31. Even though
The FTP has improved the
company's internal cash flows
and meet the 9% of electricity
demand growth.
It has also minimize the Fuel
contribution in PLN Fuel Mix
from 22% in 2009 to 12% in
2013.
Images taken from http://dl.bizhi.sogou.com/
Issue#1

32. 2%
58%18%
6%
16%
2019
Fuel Coal Gas Hydro Geo
36%
35%
17%
9%
3%
2008
Fuel Coal Gas Hydro Geo
Source :RUPTL 2010-2019
Fuel Mix
Issue#2
1% replacement of Fuel into Coal will generate financial
efficiency up to Rp 1,74 T (in 2012) .

33. Indonesia’s electricity
is still rely on coal-based power plants
Contribute approximately 58% of the total electricity generated
Issue#2
Images taken from http:// ncealliance.com/

34. Environment
Efficiency
Issue#3
Reciprocal Relationship in
coal power plant

35. Images taken from http://ak2.picdn.net /
Clean Coal Technology
Every option capable of reducing emissions upstream, downstream,
or within the power generation (energy conversion) process
Issue#3

36. For new power plants
Images taken from http:// saistrip2010.webatu.com /
Could consider this following options:
#IGCC #CleanCoalTech
Supercritical & Ultra-supercritical (USC) pulverized coal technology
Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFB)
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
Issue#3

37. For existing power plants
Could initiate rehabilitation & recondition, to:
Improve efficiency
Decrease hidden capacity
#MuaraKarang #CCPP
Issue#3

38. How Technology Solve Electricity Issues
Deal with Capacity and Efficiency matters
Images taken from http:// www.iorise.com /

39. Efficiency
(%)
39
37
35
33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lifetime
(Years)
Annual Inspection
SI SI SI SIME SE ME
Rehabilitation
Recondition
Restore
New Technology
Improve
100
75
50
25
Capacity
(%)
Efficiency & capacity degradation

40. How to deal with Capacity & Efficiency matters?
Capacity:
• Coal Mixing
• Coal Drying
Efficiency:
• Tiny-oil Burner
• Heat Balance modelling
#PalabuanRatu #Construction
#FastTrackProgram

41. Coal mixing
the process of blending two different types
of coal (low & medium range coal) to obtain
a desired efficiency/ load profile.
Heating value
Low Range Coal = + 4.200 kCal/kg
Medium Range Coal = + 4.900 kal/kg
Coal layering
The process of placing the med range coal
at specific boiler burner layer to obtain a
desired efficiency/ load profile.

42. Coal drying
The process of heating the coal
feed to get a dry coal feed and
increase coal quality
Is being constructed at Labuan &
Lontar CFSPP
Expected to increase coal quality
up to 1000 kCal/kg
Images taken from http:// carzz.co /

43. Tiny-oil burner
A modified boiler burner to obtain
less fuel oil consumption.
Could reduce the fuel consumption
up to 85% (@Labuan CFSPP).
Original
burner
Tiny burner

44. Heat balance
modelling
Implemented through a Gatecycle,
heat balance modelling discover all
of plant’s main equipment and
predict the modelling.
The modelling help the management
to develop more accurate Root Cause
Failure Analysis (RCFA).
Images taken from http:// st.gdefon.ru /

45. PLN Generation Challenges

46. Heat Rate Comparison in 2013
( i n k C a l / k W h ) )
Tech challenge
Challenge#1
TJB
(Non-FTP)
IMY
(FTP)
2.732
2.403

47. Turbine
efficiency
improvement
There has been no
significant breakthrough
on turbine efficiency
improvement
Challenge#2
Images taken from http://deltatest.de /

48. Heat Balance
Modelling
Challenge on:
• Accuration
• HR Competency
• Alternative model
Challenge#3
Images taken from http:// img0.mxstatic.com /

49. Source :World Bank TeamPBR (Performance Based Regulation) is given by the Government to
determine PLN Allowed Revenue.
Challenge#4

50. Epilogue
Efficiency improvement in Power Generation represent the
largest opportunities in reducing subsidies, where
thermofluid takes the most improtant role.
#Sunset #Fisherman
#BeautifulIndonesia Images taken from natgeo

52. An institution
to bridge the
interest
between
business
(power
generation)
and
universities has
not yet
established.
Images taken from http://austinareaphoto.com /

53. Thankyou
Presented by:
Iwan Agung Firstantara
Mail : iwanagungf@gmail.com
Twitter : GM_UPJB