The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It covers tense changes where the tense is shifted back one step, pronoun changes, place and time changes, and the use of reporting verbs like said, told, asked. It provides examples of direct speech and the corresponding reported speech. The basic rules are that quotation marks and attribution verbs are removed, the word "that" can be added, pronouns are changed, tenses are shifted back, and places and times are adjusted.

1. REPORTED SPEECH BOUGUELIMINA Brahim

6. Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." › Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years. Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday." › Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday. Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier." › Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier. Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." › Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived. Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." › Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

8. Things are slightly more complicated with imperatives. positive imperative Shut up! tell + infinitive He told me to shut up. negative imperative Don't do that again! tell + not + infinitive He told me not to do it again. imperatives as requests Please give me some money. ask + infinitive He asked me to give him some money.

9. You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event. Direct speech Indirect speech "My name is Lynne" , she said. She said her name was Lynne. or She said her name is Lynne. Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact) "Next week's lesson is on reported speech " , she said. She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.

11. next week › the following week the next week the week after Yesterday › the previous day the day before last week › the previous week the week before Ago › previously before 2 weeks ago › 2 weeks previously 2 weeks before Tonight › that night last Saturday › the previous Saturday the Saturday before next Saturday › the following Saturday the next Saturday the Saturday after that Saturday

15. There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked . These include: Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative. For example: He asked me to come to the party: accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought. He invited me to the party. He begged me to come to the party. He ordered me to come to the party. He advised me to come to the party. He suggested I should come to the party.

18. QUESTION FORM INDIRECT FORM My friend said "Are you coming?" My friend asked if I was coming TRANSFORMATION PROCESS: 1) Put the subject before the verb. 2) Change the pronoun: you to I 3) Join the clauses using if 4) Adjust the 2nd verb to the time frame of the 1st verb. My friend said "Are you coming?" My friend asked IF I was coming.

21. THE END KOOL!!! THANKS FOR LISTENING