1. Mobile sources of pollution are emitters of harmful gases
into the atmosphere which can move from place to place.
These can include:
Road Sources
• Cars & Motorbikes
• Lorries
• Public Transport
Non Road Sources
• Planes
• Marine Transport
• Trains
1. Identify Key Sources
Proper investigation to identify the main sources of pollution
must be carried out to focus control efforts. Calculation of
emissions and air quality , e.g. in Texas’ remote sensory tests,
will provide an extensive dataset for use.
2. Regulate Vehicle Manufacturing
Emission standards must be regulated to reduce ownership of
high emitting vehicles. The EU Vehicle Emission Standards,
Euro 6 2014, enforce limits with severe fines for manufacturers
who fail to comply, improving engine efficiency in the industry.
3. Regulate Fuel Sector
The chemical content of fossil fuels must be regulated to
remove as many harmful substances as possible from the
combustion process, as seen in the removal of lead from
petrol fuel.
4. Innovation
Requirement of catalytic converters to change harmful
materials in vehicle exhaust systems into less harmful
substances has been a significant breakthrough in emission
control. The process permits complete combustion at lower
temperatures, reducing the quantity and severity of emitted
materials.
Additionally, development of hybrid systems have reduced
reliance on fully fossil fuelled vehicles.
5. Reduce fuel use/ Alternative Transport Options
Introduction of alternatives to fossil fuel vehicles, for example
cycle lanes and footpaths. Furthermore, incentives
to reduce fuel use, for example congestion
charge or subsidies for cleaner forms of
transport, will steer the public away from
harmful emitters.
Control Methods of Principle Mobile Sources of Pollution
Why Do Mobile Sources Emit Pollutants?
Types of Harmful Emission3
1 What Are Mobile Sources?
• Burning of fossil fuels in the process of propelling
vehicles results in a variety of harmful emissions.
• Fuel + Air Hydrocarbons + N02 + CO2 + CO+ H20
These emissions can be particularly severe in vehicles
with incomplete combustion of the fuel, which can be
caused by:
• Inadequate temperatures in engine
• Uncoordinated cylinder ignitions
• Insufficient oxygen in engine for ignition
• Imperfect mixing of fuel and air
Common types of air pollutants from mobile sources are:
• Carbon Monoxide
Sourced from incomplete combustion of carbon in vehicles.
Can affect oxygen delivery to major organs when inhaled
• Carbon Dioxide
Major greenhouse gas generated from combustion process
of carbon, contributes to climate change.
• Nitrous Oxides
Developed during high temperature combustion, can irritate
airways and affect lung function over long exposure
• Hydrocarbons
Leftover from incomplete combustion of fuel, causes smog,
and can cause serious respiratory and cardiovascular
problems.
• Atmospheric Particulate
Incomplete combustion in vehicles results in leftover visible
air based matter, can penetrate lungs and develop
respiratory problems e.g. asthma
• Air Based Toxins
Toxic substances released from combustion, known or
suspected to cause problems such as cancer
C0
C02
N0x
E.g.. Methane CH4
E.g.. Soot
E.g.. Benzene C6H6
Environmental Pollution Management, Assignment A- Gordon Best
Controlling Emissions 4
2
Progress So Far 5
Solutions have reduced atmospheric Concentrations of :
Nitrogen Dioxide Carbon Monoxide
Ozone Particulate Matter