The French established colonies in North America along the St. Lawrence River valley in Canada in the 16th century. They traded metals, guns, and other goods with the native Algonquian and Iroquois tribes in exchange for furs and fish. This fur trade funded further French colonization but also caused tensions, especially with the Iroquois. The French colony extended from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico in the 17th century but struggled economically due to selling goods too cheaply and not controlling the native tribes.

1. French Colonies North America By: Cara Treneer History 140

2. Chapter 5 Canada & Iroquoia 16th century The French along with the Dutch and English came to the new world to claim new colonies. They were looking for riches in trade and to start a better life. St. Lawrence Valley=Canada Modern Colonization with Indian and French Trade Originally only traded within their own tribes. Indians thought objects and materials, alive or not to have spiritual powers. After starting to trade for shiny objects like beads, copper, and polished seashells; the Indians started to think of goods as commodities with a negotiable price fish and furs were profitable commodities funding northern colonization. French exchanged metals kettles, alcohol, guns, and knives for food and meat from the natives. Indians now equipped with European modern firearms=treat to French colonies and well as other European colonies.

3. Chapter 5 Canada & Iroquois Continued French in St. Lawrence Valley It offered the deepest access westward. Quebec offered good harbor for ships High ground for fortifies posts. Natives were more skilled as hunters It was a safe distance from the Spanish reign. Religious Influence Jesuit Priest established among the natives to convert them to Christianity Causing conflict splitting the Huron tribe into Christian converts & those against converting Campaign 1648-49 destroyed Huron tribe Jesuit Priest known as “Black Robes” influenced natives by their devotion to their god & faith Natives of settled area Iroquois Algonquian Micmac Algonquians Montagnais Algonquin Huron

4. Chapter 5 Canada & Iroquois Continued Iroquois Indians Hunters and Getherers Located on lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence Valley Enemies of the French Made by fur trade which brought on violence. Samuel de Champlain and 2 French musketeer assisted their Indian allies to defeat the Iroquois warriors.

5. Chapter 5 Canada & Iroquois Continued Fur Trading for fur was a huge industry made in America and Canada starting in the 16th century. Indians Role Hunted the animals Prepared the fur for trade by skinning and treating it. Had a new found appreciation for knifes, metals arrowheads, hatchets and axes. Fur industry developed by French explorers and fisherman arriving in Eastern Canada. Beaver fur was very much sought after along with fox, mink, bear and others. Tension with the Iroquois escalated with fur trade competition.

6. Chapter 16- French America 17th century French founded Louisiana colony Spanish power was declining in Florida Although Growing frustrated with their lack of control of the natives, the French had established good trade with them. British were the French rivals French America stretched from gulf of St. Lawrence to the gulf of Mexico.

7. New Promise & Opportunity “Seigneurs” brought 1st farm families French peasant Canadian settlers were able to improve their status and their standard of living Things that were too expensive like homes and horses back home were made more affordable

8. Chapter 16- French America Economically French America was an economic disaster French often sold goods under market value to compete with the British trade with the Indians It became too expensive for the maintenance of their forts Hard to please the natives

9. Chapter 16- French America French Voyagers The crown started populating their new colonies in 1663 after taking over “New France.” Many fled Canada looking for better climate conditions and more favorable terms for agriculture. 12% of emigrants were female, most came from French orphanages. Most of the emigrants were made up of men, looking to better themselves financially.