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Designing for learning in an open world:
   e-Pedagogies and transformation
     Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester
           Southern Cross University
               5th March 2012
Outline
•   The evolving landscape of e-learning
•   Affordances of new technologies
•   From Gutenberg to Zuckerberg
•   Learner experience
•   New pedagogies and implications
•   Open practices
•   Teacher practice and paradoxes
•   Strategies for change
    – Intervention framework: linking
      research to policy and practice
    – Harnessing the functionality of the LMS
    – New approaches to design
Research questions
• What:
  – Is the learner experience and teacher practice?
  – Are the emergent technologies and their affordances?
  – Resources, OER and Pedagogical Patterns are there and
    how are they been used?
  – E-Pedagogies are there and how do they facilitate
    different forms of learning?
  – New learning design approaches can be used to
    promote and support e-learning?
  – Strategies are in place to promote and support e-
    learning?
  – Theories and methodologies are been used?
Evolving e-learning landscape

                             Emergent technologies
                               and affordances
    Theory and methodology




                                                        E-pedagogies, strategies
                                                          and learning design
                             Resources, OER and
                             Pedagogical Patterns

Evaluations                                          Interventions
Technological trends
• Mobiles and e-books
• Gesture and augmented
  learning
• Learning analytics
• Personalised learning
• Cloud computing
• Ubiquitous learning
• BYOD (Bring your own device)
• Digital content
• The flipped classroom

       http://learn231.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/trend-report-1/
Social & participatory media
        Media sharing                                                                       Blogging




       Mash ups                                                                               Messaging



    Collaborative                                                                           Recommender
    editing                                                                                 systems


                                                                                            Virtual worlds
       Social
                                                                                            and games
       networking


          Social                                                                            Syndication
          bookmarking
                    http://magicineducation.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/web-2-0-world-map/
6
                                                                                    Conole and Alevizou, 2010
Peer                                    Open
critiquing



User
                                        Collective
generated
                                        aggregation
content




Networked                               Personalised
              Social media revolution
             The machine is us/ing us
Gutenberg to Zuckerberg
•   Take the long view
•   The web is not the net
•   Disruption is a feature
•   Ecologies not economics
•   Complexity is the new reality
•   The network is now the computer
•   The web is evolving
•   Copyright or copywrong
•   Orwell (fear) or Huxley (pleasure)
       http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2617472088/
       http://memex.naughtons.org/
Disruptive technologies
• The web has transformed
  practice
• No central ownership
• Ecology of abundance
• Examples
  – Napster
  – Malware
Learner experience
 • Technology immersed
 • Learning approaches: task-
   orientated, experiential,
   just in time, cumulative,
   social
 • Personalised digital
   learning environment
 • Mix of institutional systems
   and cloud-based tools and
   services
 • Use of course materials
   with free resources

 10                               Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010
EDUCAUSE study
• Students drawn
  to new
  technologies but
  rely on more
  traditional ones
• Consider
  technologies
  offer major
  educational
  benefits
• Mixed views of
  VLEs

11
The essence of learning

Reflection                Dialogue




Collaboration             Application
A pedagogy framework
                    Social
   Information




Informal                             Formal


                              Experience


                 Individual
Mapping e-Pedagogies to technologies
Pedagogies                          Technologies
•   Problem-Based Learning (PBL)    •   Virtual Worlds (VW)
•   Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL)    •   Google
•   Didactic (Did)                  •   E-Books
•   Reflection (Ref)                •   Blogs, e-Portfolios
•   Dialogic Learning (Dial)        •   Discussion Forums (DF)
•   Collaboration (Collab)          •   Wikis
•   Assessment (Ass)                •   MCQs
•   Communities of Practice (CoP)   •   Google+
•   IBL – social                    •   Twitter
•   User-Generated Content (UGC)    •   Youtube
Social
   Information




Informal                             Formal


                              Experience


                 Individual
IBL/Twitter     Social     PBL/VW
CoP/Google+                Dial/forum
Dial/Skype                 Collab/Wiki




Informal                          Formal




Ref/Blog                   Ref/e-Portfolio
IBL/Google                 Did/e-Book
UGC/YouTube   Individual   Ass/MCQs
Social
   Information




Informal                             Formal


                              Experience


                 Individual
Ref/Blog      Experience    PBL/VW
CoP/Google+                 Ref/e-Portfolio
Dial/Skype                  Dial/Forum




Informal                           Formal




IBL/Twitter                 Coll/Wiki
IBL/Google                  Did/e-Book
UGC/YouTube   Information   Ass/MCQs
Mobile learning




      E-books
      Study calendars
      Learning resources
      Online modules
      Annotation tools
                                 Podcasting
 19   Communication mechanisms
Inquiry-based learning


                 My community




The Personal Inquiry project
Inquiry-based learning across
formal and informal settings
Sharples, Scanlon et al.
http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/
Virtual genetics lab




   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMMfHZUNpZY&feature=youtu.be


                                             The SWIFT project
Open practices
Open resources                     Open courses




                   Pandora’s box

Open scholarship                   Open research
22
Open resources
Open courses: MOOC


Massive
Open
Online
Course



  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc

                                           http://mooc.ca/
Open scholarship

• Exploiting the digital network
• New forms of dissemination
  and communication
• Promoting reflective practice
• Embracing the affordances of
  new technologies


            Weller: http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk/
Open research
Citation indicators
Open accreditation




Peer to Peer University          OER University
 www.p2pu.org/en/         wikieducator.org/OER_university/
Teacher practices: paradoxes
• Technologiesnot extensively
  used (Molenda)
• Lack of uptake of OER
  (McAndrew et al.)
• Little use beyond early
  adopters (Rogers)
• Despite rhetoric and funding   Pandora’s box
  little evidence of
  transformation (Cuban,
  Ehlers)
 29
Intervention framework: linking
              research to policy and practice
                            OER
                         Horizon scanning
                                                              Learning design
                                   Virtual worlds
                                                    Research
                      Learner experience                          Web 2.0




    Blackboard rollout                                                      Design practice


              Policy                                                        Teacher practice
OER/iTunes
                                                                                 Use of technologies
    Learning spaces

                 Cloud computing
                                                          Learner practice
                                            Use of technologies                   Diversity/culture
Harnessing the functionality of the LMS

• LMS as a safe nursery slope
• Shift from content to
  activities
• Promote reflection and
  collaboration
• Mobile LMS
• Integration with cloud
  computing
Blackboard audit
• Data
   – Online survey (260 returns)
   – Departmental visits
• Key findings
   – Used as content repository
     and administration
   – Pockets of innovation
   – More support needed on
     effective design strategies
   – Tension between teaching
     and research
   – Usability issue
Blackboard+ at Leicester


BB plus Google+
                                   Maths video-lets

                     Prof-casts




     History conundrum            Voicethread
Learning Design
  Shift frombelief-based, implicit
      approaches todesign-
   based,explicit approaches

          Learning Design
       A design-based approach to
         creation and support of
                 courses


 Encouragesreflective,scholarly
          practices
Promotessharing and discussion
Conceptualise
                                              What do we want to design, who for
                                                         and why?




                                                        Capture
                                                       Resource audit




                         Consider                                                      Create
                     Reflect, pilot, enhanc                                        Storyboard, activitie
                                e                                                  s, content, artefacts,
                                                                                         pathways
                               Carpe Diem:
                          7Cs of learning Design
                              Collaborate                                   Communicate
                                                                              Synchronously and
                             Improve the design
                                                                               asynchronously
                                with others




                                                     Consolidate
                                                 Evaluate and embed your design



http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/
Course views
                                   Learning outcomes




                      Course map

Pedagogy profile
                                                   Course dimensions




                                   Task swimlane
Collaboration




37
MSc in Learning Innovation
          Dissertation

   Case Studies of Innovation

 Research Design and Methods

        Learning Design

 Technology-Enhanced Learning
The future of e-learning
             Continuing emerging
         technologies and pedagogies


New business                      Co-evolution of
  models                           tools & users


 Maturing theory &         More sophisticated
  methodology             mechanisms re: uptake
New metaphors


  Ecologies
                                          Spaces




Memes                                    Rhizomes
        http://e4innovation.com/?p=489
Final thoughts
• Participatory and social media enable new forms of
  communication and collaboration
• Communities in these spaces are complex and
  distributed
• Learners and teachers need to develop new digital
  literacy skills to harness their potential
• We need to rethinkhow we design, support and assess
  learning
• Open, participatory and social media can provide
  mechanisms for us to share and discuss teaching and
  research ideas in new ways
• We are seeing a blurring of boundaries:
  teachers/learners, teaching/research, real/virtual
  spaces, formal/informal modes of communication and
Events

 Open Education
  Week Webinars
6 – 9th March 2012




                 28 – 30th March 2012
Conole, G. (forthcoming), Designing for learning in an open world, New York: Springer
                           Chapters available on dropbox
                              grainne.conole@le.ac.uk

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Designing for Learning in an Open World

  • 1. Designing for learning in an open world: e-Pedagogies and transformation Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester Southern Cross University 5th March 2012
  • 2. Outline • The evolving landscape of e-learning • Affordances of new technologies • From Gutenberg to Zuckerberg • Learner experience • New pedagogies and implications • Open practices • Teacher practice and paradoxes • Strategies for change – Intervention framework: linking research to policy and practice – Harnessing the functionality of the LMS – New approaches to design
  • 3. Research questions • What: – Is the learner experience and teacher practice? – Are the emergent technologies and their affordances? – Resources, OER and Pedagogical Patterns are there and how are they been used? – E-Pedagogies are there and how do they facilitate different forms of learning? – New learning design approaches can be used to promote and support e-learning? – Strategies are in place to promote and support e- learning? – Theories and methodologies are been used?
  • 4. Evolving e-learning landscape Emergent technologies and affordances Theory and methodology E-pedagogies, strategies and learning design Resources, OER and Pedagogical Patterns Evaluations Interventions
  • 5. Technological trends • Mobiles and e-books • Gesture and augmented learning • Learning analytics • Personalised learning • Cloud computing • Ubiquitous learning • BYOD (Bring your own device) • Digital content • The flipped classroom http://learn231.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/trend-report-1/
  • 6. Social & participatory media Media sharing Blogging Mash ups Messaging Collaborative Recommender editing systems Virtual worlds Social and games networking Social Syndication bookmarking http://magicineducation.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/web-2-0-world-map/ 6 Conole and Alevizou, 2010
  • 7. Peer Open critiquing User Collective generated aggregation content Networked Personalised Social media revolution The machine is us/ing us
  • 8. Gutenberg to Zuckerberg • Take the long view • The web is not the net • Disruption is a feature • Ecologies not economics • Complexity is the new reality • The network is now the computer • The web is evolving • Copyright or copywrong • Orwell (fear) or Huxley (pleasure) http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2617472088/ http://memex.naughtons.org/
  • 9. Disruptive technologies • The web has transformed practice • No central ownership • Ecology of abundance • Examples – Napster – Malware
  • 10. Learner experience • Technology immersed • Learning approaches: task- orientated, experiential, just in time, cumulative, social • Personalised digital learning environment • Mix of institutional systems and cloud-based tools and services • Use of course materials with free resources 10 Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010
  • 11. EDUCAUSE study • Students drawn to new technologies but rely on more traditional ones • Consider technologies offer major educational benefits • Mixed views of VLEs 11
  • 12. The essence of learning Reflection Dialogue Collaboration Application
  • 13. A pedagogy framework Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 14. Mapping e-Pedagogies to technologies Pedagogies Technologies • Problem-Based Learning (PBL) • Virtual Worlds (VW) • Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) • Google • Didactic (Did) • E-Books • Reflection (Ref) • Blogs, e-Portfolios • Dialogic Learning (Dial) • Discussion Forums (DF) • Collaboration (Collab) • Wikis • Assessment (Ass) • MCQs • Communities of Practice (CoP) • Google+ • IBL – social • Twitter • User-Generated Content (UGC) • Youtube
  • 15. Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 16. IBL/Twitter Social PBL/VW CoP/Google+ Dial/forum Dial/Skype Collab/Wiki Informal Formal Ref/Blog Ref/e-Portfolio IBL/Google Did/e-Book UGC/YouTube Individual Ass/MCQs
  • 17. Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 18. Ref/Blog Experience PBL/VW CoP/Google+ Ref/e-Portfolio Dial/Skype Dial/Forum Informal Formal IBL/Twitter Coll/Wiki IBL/Google Did/e-Book UGC/YouTube Information Ass/MCQs
  • 19. Mobile learning E-books Study calendars Learning resources Online modules Annotation tools Podcasting 19 Communication mechanisms
  • 20. Inquiry-based learning My community The Personal Inquiry project Inquiry-based learning across formal and informal settings Sharples, Scanlon et al. http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/
  • 21. Virtual genetics lab http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMMfHZUNpZY&feature=youtu.be The SWIFT project
  • 22. Open practices Open resources Open courses Pandora’s box Open scholarship Open research 22
  • 24. Open courses: MOOC Massive Open Online Course http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc http://mooc.ca/
  • 25. Open scholarship • Exploiting the digital network • New forms of dissemination and communication • Promoting reflective practice • Embracing the affordances of new technologies Weller: http://nogoodreason.typepad.co.uk/
  • 28. Open accreditation Peer to Peer University OER University www.p2pu.org/en/ wikieducator.org/OER_university/
  • 29. Teacher practices: paradoxes • Technologiesnot extensively used (Molenda) • Lack of uptake of OER (McAndrew et al.) • Little use beyond early adopters (Rogers) • Despite rhetoric and funding Pandora’s box little evidence of transformation (Cuban, Ehlers) 29
  • 30. Intervention framework: linking research to policy and practice OER Horizon scanning Learning design Virtual worlds Research Learner experience Web 2.0 Blackboard rollout Design practice Policy Teacher practice OER/iTunes Use of technologies Learning spaces Cloud computing Learner practice Use of technologies Diversity/culture
  • 31. Harnessing the functionality of the LMS • LMS as a safe nursery slope • Shift from content to activities • Promote reflection and collaboration • Mobile LMS • Integration with cloud computing
  • 32. Blackboard audit • Data – Online survey (260 returns) – Departmental visits • Key findings – Used as content repository and administration – Pockets of innovation – More support needed on effective design strategies – Tension between teaching and research – Usability issue
  • 33. Blackboard+ at Leicester BB plus Google+ Maths video-lets Prof-casts History conundrum Voicethread
  • 34. Learning Design Shift frombelief-based, implicit approaches todesign- based,explicit approaches Learning Design A design-based approach to creation and support of courses Encouragesreflective,scholarly practices Promotessharing and discussion
  • 35. Conceptualise What do we want to design, who for and why? Capture Resource audit Consider Create Reflect, pilot, enhanc Storyboard, activitie e s, content, artefacts, pathways Carpe Diem: 7Cs of learning Design Collaborate Communicate Synchronously and Improve the design asynchronously with others Consolidate Evaluate and embed your design http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/
  • 36. Course views Learning outcomes Course map Pedagogy profile Course dimensions Task swimlane
  • 38. MSc in Learning Innovation Dissertation Case Studies of Innovation Research Design and Methods Learning Design Technology-Enhanced Learning
  • 39. The future of e-learning Continuing emerging technologies and pedagogies New business Co-evolution of models tools & users Maturing theory & More sophisticated methodology mechanisms re: uptake
  • 40. New metaphors Ecologies Spaces Memes Rhizomes http://e4innovation.com/?p=489
  • 41. Final thoughts • Participatory and social media enable new forms of communication and collaboration • Communities in these spaces are complex and distributed • Learners and teachers need to develop new digital literacy skills to harness their potential • We need to rethinkhow we design, support and assess learning • Open, participatory and social media can provide mechanisms for us to share and discuss teaching and research ideas in new ways • We are seeing a blurring of boundaries: teachers/learners, teaching/research, real/virtual spaces, formal/informal modes of communication and
  • 42. Events Open Education Week Webinars 6 – 9th March 2012 28 – 30th March 2012
  • 43. Conole, G. (forthcoming), Designing for learning in an open world, New York: Springer Chapters available on dropbox grainne.conole@le.ac.uk