1. Emerging trends in librarianship
H Anil Kumar
Librarian, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
November 22, 2014
2. Outline
Why Libraries?
What about the Ecosystem?
What role do the libraries play?
What are the important issues for libraries today?
What are the trends that play out for libraries?
3. Society
Government
Institutions
Scholarship
Publishing
Peer review
Information
Data
Technology
Knowledge Education Talent
OPEN ECOSYSTEM
36. Hole in the wall
Self-Organized Learning Environments (SOLEs)
37. Technology Advantages
•Learn at your own pace and interest
•Supplement learning in the classroom
•Less dependency on formal support
•Explore new ways of learning
•Variety and wide range of topics
38. Learning and education
•Formal methods
–Classroom training
–Laboratory training
–On the job or apprenticeship
•Non-formal methods
–Self-study and Reading
–Watching, seeing and trying
•Sources
–Institutes / schools / industries / employers
–Libraries and laboratories
–Internet
40. Why go beyond formal methods?
•The 95 Percent Solution: School is not where most Americans learn most of their science by John H. Falk and Lynn D. Dierking
•Recent findings challenge the longstanding belief that the place for science knowledge acquisition is the classroom.
•International comparisons of trends in science knowledge over lifetimes suggests that much if not most science knowledge is acquired outside of school.
American Scientist: v. 98 (Nov-Dec), 2010
43. •The prison industry needs to plan its future growth –
how many cells are they going to need?
How many prisoners are there going to be, 15 years from now?
•And they found they could predict it very easily, using a pretty simple algorithm, based on asking what percentage of 10 and 11-year-olds couldn't read. And certainly couldn't read for pleasure.
44. •Well-meaning adults can easily destroy a child's love of reading: stop them reading what they enjoy, or give them worthy-but-dull books that you like, the 21st-century equivalents of Victorian "improving" literature. You'll wind up with a generation convinced that reading is uncool and worse, unpleasant.
•China in 2007, at the first party-approved science fiction and fantasy convention in Chinese history.
•It's simple, he told me. The Chinese were brilliant at making things if other people brought them the plans. But they did not innovate and they did not invent. They did not imagine. So they sent a delegation to the US, to Apple, to Microsoft, to Google, and they asked the people there who were inventing the future about themselves.
•And they found that all of them had read science fiction when they were boys or girls.
49. Universities, ours and theirs Krishna Kumar (in The Hindu, August 9, 2012)
•Recruitment of faculty
•Concept of teaching (periods)
•Concept of knowledge – research
•Library
•The fourth critical difference lies in the library. In the West, even in the most ordinary universities, the library forms the centre of life, both for teachers and students. Librarians enjoy a high status as their contribution to academic life cuts across academic disciplines…..
58. Libraries Internal and External sources
•Student Projects
•Syllabus and course design
•Technical Notes
•Course Materials
•Student made Tools/Materials
•News Paper Clippings (Jobs/Courses)
•Question papers
•Commercial
–Books
–Videos / CDs
–Online resources
•Open Access
–Books
–Journals
–Educational Videos
–Educational courseware
59. Technologies in Libraries
Library Automation
Proprietary to OSS
Storage
Devices to Cloud
Identification
Barcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etc
Information Capture
Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras, Mobiles
Network
Client-server, P2P, Internet, Cloud
Databases
Books, articles, reports, aggregators, publishers, Irs
Integration and Management
Catalogs, IRs, Multimedia, Datasets, Archives, etc
60. Technologies in Libraries
•User Focus
–need not worry where the information is located
–Anytime-Anywhere, Device independence
–Less human interface (RFID)
–Customised and profile based display, search, update, etc
•Usage statistics – walk-ins, usage, downloads, ROI
•Retrieval Convenience
–Seamless integration of various sources/formats
–Remote login / VPN
–Simple OPAC to Federated searches to Discovery
61. Discovery service
•Single search – interface - Integrated approach
•Central index - Subscribed content - Connectors
•Open Access Resources
•Enhanced refinements like facets, topics, geographies, formats, etc
•Display of integrated results – relevancy, date, etc
•Fast response time
64. http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
•AquaBrowser – Proquest
•Axiell Arena
•Biblio Commons
•Blacklight (OSS)– Columbia, Cornell, etc
•Chamo – VTLS (III)
•Encore – Innovative Interfaces Inc.
•Enterprise – SirsiDynix
•Iguana – Infor
•VUFind (OSS) – Villanova University
•EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS)
•Ex Libris Ltd.’s Primo Central Index (PCI)
•Serials Solutions’ Summon (SSS)
•OCLC’s WorldCat Local (WCL)
65. Criteria
•Trial and costs
•Actual discovery - search
•Strength of the Central Index
•Content connectors
•Content neutrality vs convenience
•Integration with ILMS, Union Catalogue, IR, etc
•Search Features and user customisation
•Advanced search
•Web 2.0
•Subject guides
•Local customisation like market research reports, videos, etc
•Branding the library
•Next gen features like Mobile
•Opinion / experience of fellow professionals
•Of course the support and delivery!
73. •Report & Statistics
–Socio Economic, country, industry and company related statistics and reports
–These resources are basically providing time series data and some are providing company, industry and country specific information, research reports, market analysis and data. Ex: Prowess, Marketline, Euromonitor, etc.
•Scholarly
–Full Text: These resources includes peer reviewed full text journal articles, books & book chapters, reference material, working papers, etc. Ex: EBSCO, Wiley InterSciences, eBrary, Sage research methods Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, etc
–Bibliographic: It provides bibliographic information of the published materials like. Ex: Web of science, SCOPUS, etc.
•Other Resources
–Legal, Institutional like World Bank, IMF data, etc.
Type of E-resource
74. 1.Product identification (User / Library)
2.Product study
3.Product demo
4.Recommendations
5.Trial activation
6.Feedback
7.Library Evaluation and initial negotiation
8.Licensing issues
9.Approval
10.Final Negotiation
11.Acquisition
12.Licensing signing
13.Activation, Orientation & Training
14.Usage and evaluation
15.Annual Review by Library Committee
16.Renewal / cancellation
E-resource Management Cycle
75. Proposal/Recommendation
•Faculty/ students recommended
–databases or eResources which they have used in their research and teaching
•Librarian Proposed
–Vendors send eResource product information to the libraries
76. Trial, feedback & Evaluation
•Discovering more information about the product like, what type of data and information they offer
•Trial activation
•Announcing in the community and asking for feedback (If vendor proposed)
•Evaluation and Overlap Analysis, perpetuity, archival access, etc.
77. Some points to be checked…
•It should fulfill the academic and research needs
•Content should be sourced from the authentic sources
•Coverage of the content, subject and periodic updating
•No overlapped data
•User-friendly, IP based 24/7 accesses, ease in download in formats like, .csv, .pdf., MS Word, etc.
•Integration with Discovery or KOHA catalog
•Provides usage statistics (Counter compliant)
•Cost effective, Remote access
•Post installation/activation services like staff training, users training
78. Approval from Committee
After getting feedback from the community and overlap analysis, the product should be presented to the library committee for approval with its salient features, scope and cost
79. Final Negotiation
•Cost
–Comparing similar product in the market (at times same products have been purchased at different rates)
•Content
–More titles, backfiles, perpetual access, coupons
•Access
–simultaneous users
80. Acquisition
•The Indian Publishers/vendors
–Indian Currency – application of service tax and TDS
–Foreign Currency – which conversion rate to follow, GOC, RBI, Nationalized bank TT selling rate?
•Foreign Publishers/vendors
–Invoice and application of service tax, PAN & Tax residency, ABA routing No, IBN, etc.
81. Most sensitive part- Licensing
Points to be taken care when contact signed……
•Authorized users
•Perpetual/Archival access, 3rd party archiving service
•Confidentiality
•Price change period
•Clarity about platform fee, hosting fee
•Inter-library loan rights
•Usage Statistics
•Print, copy share rights
•Off campus access of the content
•Swapping of journals in case of eJournals
•Governing law, etc.
•Transfer/discontinue of the content
82. IIMA License agreement Checklist
Vikram Sarabhai Library: IIMA License Agreement Checklist
Database Name :
Date:
Period :
Sr. No
Points Covers
Yes / No
Page & Para No.
Remarks
1
Agreement effective period
2
Authorized use of the product in Course packs Other educational materials
3
Authorized users ( Include walk-in user or not)
4
Database Access Stopped Compensation (Technical Problem, etc.)
5
Discontinue notification period
6
Electronic Reserve (Save the documents to the Personal devices)
7
Governing Law, Jurisdiction limit (case file) with in India
8
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) terms & conditions
9
Inter-library loan (ILL)
10
IP Range Access / No. of user range
11
Perpetual Access / Backfile Access
12
Platform Fees/Hosting Fees
13
Price Increase Cap (In subsequent years)
14
Remote access permission
15
The “Licensee” must be Librarian / Institute
16
Updation of databases
17
User statistics (incl. admin login authorization) / Usage Data Reports
18
Journals Swapping Term & Condition
83. Activation
•Activation
•Server based/ accessible through LAN
•Like; CMIE Prowess, Thomson Eikon
•Some of them are single users access like DataStream, District GDP of India, etc.
•Online/ IP based access
•campus wide access of the databases like eJournals and others like Marketline, Euromonitor, etc.
84. •Scholarly databases are not very difficult to understand and need some orientation only
•Statistical database and allied tools needs proper training to use, Like CMIE Prowess, Grammarly, etc.
•Webex/Webinar: Vendors/publishers organize Webex for orientation and training or to handle specific queries, Webinars are generally preplanned and, they sent alert to the members to attend, one can register and take a tour.
•The resource persons are library staff and or product experts
Orientation and training
85. Usage and evaluation
•E journals/E books
–Counter compliant Usage data, Full text down load, Abstract view, Search, Access denied report, etc.
•Statistics & Reports
–No. of logins, downloads, visits or access time of particular IPs (Provided by the vendor or publishers)
•Offline Database
–Difficult to count the usage
86. •Usage and per download cost
Total cost of the Database/Total downloads or Usage
•Comparison with other eResources
•Comparing with usage of the past years
•Evaluating the usage
Usage and evaluation
89. Year
Searches
Total Full Text
PDF Full Text
HTML Full Text
Image/ Video
Abstract
Smart Link To
Custom Link
2014
6284040
38067
34039
3888
6
53761
3220
9869
2013
6166874
48682
43728
4393
6
61058
3234
11467
2012
2288229
46099
40439
4955
7
59474
2125
7065
Total
14739140
132848
118206
13236
19
174293
8579
28401
90. Committee Perusal
•Average usage data and Download cost
•Reviewing usage and future needs
•If necessary proposal for optional product
•Deciding to ask community for discontinuation / renewal
91. Renewal- Cancellation- Replacement
•Renewal: If the usage is higher the resource would be renewed again.
•Cancellation: If the usage is low, the data is of no use and if the optional resources is available at very lower cost.
•Replacement: if the optional product is available in the market with lower cost and more features, one should review it and replace with the existing one.
96. Other key Issues and opportunities
•Staff
•Research Assistance, Database mining, IL, etc
•Resource / product understanding: Mass to Niche - Skills to knowledge: Referral to reference
•Professional managers
•Information Literacy and Usage
•IR and Archiving; Long Tail; Legal Issues
•Lib 2.0 and User participation
•Outsourcing
–IT: ILS, Hardware, Software - SaaS to PaaS to IaaS
–Manpower
•Routine jobs
•IT staff
•Ownership to Access and Closed to Open Systems
•RESEARCH!
97. Why research?
Do we need Libraries?
We need to build our own knowledge base on librarianship
Convince the decision makers on the need for libraries
Discover connections to learning and education
Better manage our services
Drive new theory development
Study and develop benchmarks or best practices
Develop our own metrics
ROI and growth
Lobby and evidence
98. What to research?
Outcomes
Aspects
Focus
Understand local and global perspectives
Relevance of libraries Use of libraries Technology Services Legal aspects Governance and ROI
Management of Resources
•Collection
•Finance
•Staff
•Space
•Committee
•Users
•Technology
99. Some topics
•ROI and value studies
•User surveys
•Purchase processes – discounts, total cost of purchase, time taken, foreign editions vs Indian editions, exchange rates and its impact on spending
•Spending surveys of libraries – patterns and trends
•Who reads what?
•Who uses the library and why?
•HR issues like comparison with other states, ratio of salary to library budget (comparisons), etc
100. Tips
Planning is important but implementation is the difficult part
Literature survey is the Key
Referencing is very important
Style and finishing varies from journal to journal
Time taken also varies from weeks to months
Research should your differentiator and is the only contribution that stays beyond you!
101. For Libraries …
•Education is the central theme
•Education is moving from
–information sharing to learning
–Teacher to learner
•We have to shift from supporting to partnering roles and facilitate:
–Reading
–Discussion
–Incubation
–Connecting
•Safe, Social and Learning spaces