1. by Heather Goss
Wilkes University

2.  Spanish is the third most commonly used language
worldwide, behind only English and Chinese.
 Spanish is considered to be the official language of
twenty countries and Puerto Rico.
 The United States has at least 40 million native Spanish
speakers, which is about 10% of the world’s Spanish
speaking population.
 Spanish in Spain versus Spanish in other parts of the
world do differ in pronunciation and use of indigenous
words, however, they still retain fundamental
cohesiveness.

3. Spanish English
- 18 consonant phonemes - 26 consonant phonemes
- Pronounced phonetically, - uses 8 additional vowels sounds
with a silent /h/, /b/, and for a total of 13 vowel sounds
/v/ sounding the same - diphthongs
are used in - dialectal changes are indicated
- Grammatical gender is both languages by vowel differences
assigned to nouns
- phonetic - many one syllable words
- Shifts in consonantal classes languages because English supports final
mark dialect change consonants
- use the same
- No irregular plural nouns alphabet - uses irregular verbs and nouns
and no irregular verbs
- vowels a, - places subject before the
- No distinction between personal and e, i, o, u verb
non-personal relative pronouns
- prepositions frequently occur
- Requires the trilled at the end of sentences.
/rr/ and /ɲ/

4. Student: Maritza
 2nd grade
 attends an emotional support classroom
 level 6 ELL student
 born in New York City, New York and moved to York, PA at
the age of four
 mother speaks fluent Spanish but uses English in the home
since moving to the United States ten years ago
 reading above grade level in L2
 knows and uses limited Spanish phrases and inappropriate
Spanish words
 most errors occur in her oral and written

5.  4 errors in pluralizing nouns (added –s to
make words plural)
 11 errors in verb tense (added –ed to all verbs
to make them plural)
 10 errors in pronoun/verb agreement

6. deers
hitted we is
mouses runned her is
making pronoun
verb
nouns plural verb
tense
agreement
buyed
gooses goed
we was she go
fishes

7.  The Spanish language does not have irregular verb,
but the English language does.
 The simple present tense can have multiple meanings
in Spanish. This could cause confusion when
including past tense verbs.
 The Spanish language pluralizes noun, adjective, and
article, which could cause confusion when attempting
to pluralize nouns in English.
 The student may be over generalizing the English
rules they have learned. (adding –ed for past tense
and –s or –es to make a noun plural)

8.  direct, explicit instruction within context
 exposure to plural nouns in a variety of ways
 repeated practice of grammar skills
(example: brainstorm a list of nouns and then together list the plural of each noun)
 Mini lessons on exceptions to the rules
(example: lessons on irregular verbs)
 print rich environment with supporting visuals
(example: opportunities to see and read magazines, comics, newspapers,
books, charts, etc. to relate the newly learned concepts)
 Instruction for both oral and written language that is engaging
(example: incorporate learning songs, games, and videos)

9.  Bilinguistics. (2007). Typical Development of Speech in Spanish in Comparison
to English. Retrieved from www.pediastaff.com/uploads/resources/abad_0707.pdf
 Goldstein, B. & Iglesias, A. (1996). Phonological patterns in normally developing
Spanish-speaking 3- and 4-year-olds of Puerto Rican descent. Retrieved from
www.pediastaff.com/uploads/resources/abad_0707.pdf
 Language Capitals. (2011). The World of Spanish Language. Retrieved from
http://www.language-capitals.com/spanish.php
 O’Rourke, Erin. (2012). The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics. Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Wx0RP0_cPwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&
dq=The+Handbook+of+Hispanic+Linguistics&ots=RZzYv9581P&sig=IEdXlWwE6ly
RNhRR3uIFzrozUMk#v=onepage&q=The%20Handbook%20of%20Hispanic%20Lingu
istics&f=false
 WIDA Consortium. (2009). The English Language Learner CAN DO Booklet Grades
1-2. Retrieved from http://www.wida.us/standards/CAN_DOs/