Adolescence problems

Boğaziçi University, Spring 2014
Ed 313: Conflict Resolution
by Hayal Köksal

Content
1) Group Info
2) Matris Diagram
3) Why did we choose this topic?
4) Fishbone (Definition of the Causes)
5) Analysis of the causes
6) Lit Reviewing (2 Articles)
7) Survey
8) Analysis of the Survey
9) Suggestions and Recommendations
10) Conclusion
11) References
12) Guantt Card

Sümeyye Yalçın (Group Leader)
Kübra Dönmez
Hilal Köksal

http://adolescentawareness.blogspot.com.tr/

Matris Diagram
Drug abuse
among
adolescents
Sexual
problems of
adolescents
Conflict with
siblings
Kübra 5 7 1
Hilal 7 6 2
Sümeyye 2 5 7
Total 14 18 10

WHY DID WE CHOOSE THIS TOPIC?
• Adolescence is a period of
transition from childhood to
adulthoodin every person’s
life.
• Adolescence has been also
described as a stage among
human beings where a lot
of physiological as well as
anatomical changes take
place resulting in
reproductive maturity . http://www.cocukendokrindiyabet.org/?gln=sayfa&id=25&knr=1&
baslik=Ergenlik+ve+Erken+Ergenlik

Many adolescents manage
this transformation
successfully while others
experience major stress and
find themselves engaging in
some sexual behaviours:
• Sexual experimentation
• Loss of virginity
• Sexual promiscuity
• Unintended pregnancy
• Sexually transmitted disease
(http://motherhood.modernmom.com/peer-pressure-teenage-
pregnancy-4386.html)

Türkiye’de İlk Cinsel İlişki Yaşı
Dr. Yıldırım, T. (2008). Üniversite Çağındaki Cinsel Bilgi, Tutum Ve Davranışları Retrived from
http://193.255.140.18/Tez/0069748/METIN.pdf

FISHBONE DIAGRAM
What are the causes of
sexual problems of
adolescences?

1. Media
Media contains many sexual
messages and effects on
teen sexual behaviors.
• TV
Popular TV shows featured
a variety of sexual
messages. Also characters
talk about when they
wanted to have sex and
how to use sex to keep a
relationship alive.
(http://hildabongole.blogspot.com.tr/2010/11/normal-0-false-
false-false.html)

• Social Media:
Social media networks (i.e.
facebook, twitter,
instagram, foursquare,
tumblr, flickr, last.fm) are
very common among teens.
This social networking sites
play a central role in young
people’s live. They are
exposed to recieve sexual
messages there. Also there
are lots of fake accounts
including pornography in
these sites. (http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/teens-social-
media_b50664)

• Sexting:
Sexting is a form of texting
that people send or receive
sexually suggestive and
nude images. As many as
20% of teens reported they
have sent/posted nude or
semi-nude pictures or
videos of themselves
(National Campaign to
Prevent Teen and
Unplanned Pregnancy,
2008; SexTech, 2008).

http://sozcu.com.tr/kadin/cocuklarda-cinsel-egitim-ama-nasil.html
2. Family

http://www.aktuelpsikoloji.com/cocuklara-
cinsellik-nasil-anlatilmali-3228h.htm
Sexuality holds an important place in a healty person’s
profile. The basis of sexual education of adolesencents is
generated in the family first.
• Sexual Education Begins With Family
However, parents avoid to
talk about sexuality with
adolescents because of the
sensity of the subject and it
is difficult to accept that
their children grow up. And
they usually expect that
children ask a question.

http://notoku.com/05-aile-tutumlarinin-cocugun-cinsel-ahlaki-ve-sosyal-gelisimine-etkileri/
For adolescents, it is difficult to talk about sexuality with
their parents too. And they need to reliable information about their
growing, sexual development, physical and emotional changes in
puberty.
If this need is not met by parents then adolescents refer
another sources such as internet, social media, peer group…esc.

Awareness of the family about sexual
education creates the postive impact on the
sexual development of adolescents.
It is obvious that reliable information
giving is not at the same level in each family
type and in some families it is not adequate.
http://www.endermarangoz.com/index.php?p=1_11_Cocuklarda-Cinsel-E-itim

It is observed that in democratic and
high-educated family occasions adolescents
experience less problems in sexual
development process.
http://www.forumdas.net/konu/uluslararasi-aile-gunu-ne-zaman.46847/

While talking with adolescents
parents may
• Communicate in plain language,
•Answer questions with short and explanatory sentences,
•Not pass over adolescents questions,
•Explain that this process is normal and everbody
experience it,
•Inform adolescents about physical and emotional
changes,
•Make their children relax and encourage them to ask
whatever they curious about.

3. Peer Group
• A peer group is both
a social group and a primary
group of people who
through homophily, share
similarities such as age,
background, and social
status.
• During adolescence, peer
groups tend to face
dramatic changes.
Adolescents tend to spend
more time with their peers
and have less adult
supervision.
http://www.cedu.niu.edu/~shumow/itt/doc/SexualActivityAmongAdol
escents.pdf

• Adolescents’
communication shifts
during this time as well.
They prefer to talk about
school and their careers
with their parents, and they
enjoy talking about sex and
other interpersonal
relationships with their
peers.
• Children look to join peer
groups who accept them,
even if the group is involved
in negative activities
http://menstrupedia.com/articles/puberty/emotional-changes

Peer pressure is the pressure that your friends and the
people you know, put on you to do something you don’t want
to do (or don’t feel ready to do), such as have sex.
http://cbarraganlopez.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/image-about-peer-pressure/

There are different types of peer pressure on sexual behaviours:
• obvious peer pressure, such as: “Everyone’s doing it, so
should you”
• underhand peer pressure, such as: “You’re a virgin, you
wouldn’t understand”
• controlling peer pressure, such as: “You would do it if you
loved me”

• Recent studies have shown that the main factors
for unprotected sex or risky sexual behavior
may be result of peer pressure, curiosity, or a
lack of knowledge.
• The American Public Health Association (APHA), reported
by Psychology Today, did a study and found that one of
the biggest reasons that teenagers partake in sexual
activity is because they believe that their peers are also
having sex. The peer pressure to “play the part” of
someone having sex pushes others into believing that
they should.

• A longitudinal study done in 2012 followed a group of
adolescents for thirteen years. Self-reports, peer
nominations, teacher ratings, counselor ratings, and
parent reports were collected, and results showed a
strong correlation between deviant peer groups and
sexual promiscuity.
• Many teens claimed that the reasons for having sex at a
young age include peer pressure or pressure from their
partner.
• Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are only a
few of the consequences that can occur.

4. Body Changes
The early teen years see lots of changes – physical,
emotional, cognitive and social. During this time, children’s
bodies, emotions and identities change in different ways at
different times. This changes effect sexual behaviours of
adolescents.

Physical Changes
• For girls, it occurs that
early physical changes
from about 10-11 years –
but this can be seen as
young as 8, or as old as
13. Physical changes
around puberty include
breast development,
changes in body shape
and height, growth of
pubic and body hair, and
the start of periods
(menstruation).
• For boys, physical
changes usually start
around 11-12 years – but
this can be seen as young
as 9, or as old as 14.
Physical changes include
growth of the penis and
testes (testicles), height
increase, change in body
shape, erections with
ejaculation, growth of
body and facial hair, and
changes to voice.

Emotional Changes
It is noticed that adolescents show strong feelings and
intense emotions at different times. Their moods might seem
unpredictable, and these emotional ups and downs can lead
to increased conflict. This is partly because their brain is still
learning how to control and express emotions in a grown-up
way.

All of these changes lead
adolescents to seek for
sexual identity. When they
cannot reach reliable
information, they are
confused and they have
physchological and sexual
problems like deep
depression, lack of self-
confidence…
http://www.cocukvegenc.com/icerikdetay-131/cocuklarda-depresyon-
tedavisi.html

Lit Reviewing
• 1st Article: Yıldırım, T. (2008) Üniversite Çağındaki Ergenlerin
Cinsel Bilgi Tutum ve Davranışları, Trakya Üniversitesi.
This article aimed to analyzing investigate the sexuality
related knowledge, behavior and attitudes of adolescents at the age
of university education to recommending suggestions about
adolescent health. A questionaire was applied to 28.650 students
registering to Trakya University between 2001 and 2007. This study
demonstrates the current sexual profiles of adolescents at the age
of licence education.
Our findings reveals that an action plan is needed to
consult adolescents about sexuality and its risks. New multi
centered periodic studies that are paralel to our study and
representing the whole country should be initiated.Then the risky
health behaviours of adolescents can be increased.

• 2nd Article: Kotchick, B. (2001) Adolescent sexual risk behavior: a
multi-system perspective, Institute for Behavioral Research,
University of Georgia.
This article has research about adoption of models and
perspectives that are narrow and do not adequately capture the
complexity associated with the adolescent sexual experience. In this
article, there are some reviews the recent literature pertaining to the
correlates of adolescent sexual risk-taking, and organize the findings
into a multisystemic perspective. Factors from the self, family, and
extrafamilial systems of influence are discussed. Article also considers
several methodological problems that limit the literature's current
scope, and consider implications of the adoption of a multisystemic
framework for future research endeavors. Finally article concludes with
a discussion of the implications of the available research for
practitioners working to reduce sexual risk behavior among adolescents.

Survey
• We made a survey with 8 families.
• Four of these families were graduated from
university.
• Other fours were graduated from elementary school.
• Objective of this survey is comparing high and low
educated families’ ideas about sexuality of their
children.

Question 1: Do you communicate
with your child about sexuality?
Yes
No
High Educated Low educated

Question 2: Communication with child
about sexuality should be face to face?
Or giving a book about sexuality?
Face to faceBy
book
By giving book
Low EducatedHigh Educated

Question 3: Does media influence your
child’s sexual development?
Yes
No
High Educated Low Educated

Question 4: Does your child use
any social media network?
Yes
No
I don't know

Question 5: Do you use Internet
filter?
Yes
No

Question 6: Do peer groups
influence your child’s sexual
development?
Yes
No

Question 7: Is it sufficient the
education about sexuality given in
schools?
Yes
No

Question 8: Is it correct to talk
about sexuality in schools?
Yes
No

Suggestions And Recommendations
• Tell your children that sexuality is natural but it needs a
time and right place to experience it.
• Use filter to prevent websites that your children give
unreliable information.
• It can bu useful that mothers inform girls and fathers
inform boys. But it never means mothers doesn’t answer
boys’ questions or fathers doesn’t answer girls’
questions.

• Satisfactory educational seminars should be given the students in schools.
There is a good example from Terakki Vakfı Okulları;
http://www.terakki.org.tr/rehberlik/projelerimiz.html

• Informative and educational seminers that supported by government
and non governmental organizations should be given to families in
cities.
• There are some examples from Bakırköy Belediyesi and Konya
Belediyesi;
http://www.konya.bel.tr/kadem/index2.php?sayfaid=cocuklaricin
http://www.bakirkoykadinmeclisi.com/announcementDetail.asp?anc=33

• Government should make families awareness about boks and provide easy
access to books.
http://www.birazoku.com/ailede-cinsel-egitim
http://www.pudra.com/anne-cocuk/cocuk-
gelisimi/cocuga-cinselligi-nasil-anlatmali-9656.html
http://www.hepimizaileyiz.com/Aile-ve-
Iliski/Ebeveyn-ve-Cocuk/Ebeveynler-Icin-
Rehber-Kitap-Cinsel-Egitim-Oykuleri-1604

• Adolescents should be canalized arts and sports.
http://ekonomi.haberturk.com/turizm/haber/548665-muze-
karta-basvurular-devam-ediyor
http://www.sporas.com.tr/

Conlusion
Adolescents are at high risk for a number of negative
consequences associated with early and unsafe sexual activity.
Media, family, peer group and physical and body changes
cause these sexual problems of adolescenst.
Some precautions taken by families, schools and
government and giving supporting to adolescents can help
teenagers to cope with the sexual problems.
Finally, it should not forgotten that children are the
feature of the World.

"Gençligi yetistiriniz.Onlara ilim ve irfanın
müspet fikirlerini veriniz.Gelecegin
aydınlıgına onlarla kavusacaksınız."
M.Kemal Atatürk

REFERENCES
•Adegoke, A.A. (2003). Adolescents in Africa: Revealing the
problems of teenagers in contemporary African
society. Ibadan: Hadassah Publishing
• Brown, J.D.(2002). Mass media influences on sexuality.
•Yıldırım, T. (2008). Üniversite Çağındaki Ergenlerin Cinsel
Bilgi Tutum ve Davranışları: Trakya Üniversitesi.
•Kotchick, B. (2001). Adolescent sexual risk behavior: a multi-
system perspective, Institute for Behavioral Research:
University of Georgia.

• Güvenli Okul Projesi. (2011). Retrieved April 2014, from
Vücudumu Tanıyorum:
http://terakki.org.tr/rehberlik/projelerimiz.html
• Konya Belediyesi. (2013). Retrieved April 2014, from Ebeveyn
ve Çocuk İlişkisi Semineri:
http://www.konya.bel.tr/kadem/index2.php?sayfaid=cocuklar
icin

.
•http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Sexandyoungpeople/Pages/Peerpress
ure.aspx
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_group
•http://www.cisead.org/cinsel-saglik/ergenlikte-cinsellik.html
•http://www.larapsikiyatri.com/ergenlik-donemi-sorunlari-
4dd.i76.ergenlikte-cinsellik
•http://www.psikologankara.net/ergenlik-doneminde-cinsel-
problemler.html
•http://www.terakki.org.tr/rehberlik/projelerimiz.html

• http://www.cinsellikuzmani.com/cinsellik/ergenlik-sorunlu-gecmek-
zorunda-degil.html
• http://ahmetsimsekkoleji.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/rop.pdf
• http://www.psiko-medya.com/2012/11/roportaj-uzman-psikolog-cagla-
tugba.html

Special thanks to Hayal Köksal!

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