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Assessment of Beneficial Use
        Impairments for
    Benthos and Plankton in
Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan AOCs
                          Amanda Bell
              US Geological Survey, Middleton, WI
                     In cooperation with the
            Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

US Geological Survey        Menomonee River             1
Background
• All of the AOCs along Wisconsin’s Lake
  Michigan shoreline have degraded benthos and
  three (not Menominee) have degraded plankton
• Consistent/comparable legacy community data for
  these sites doesn’t exist
• Stage 2 RAPs were due and TACs needed to
  identify projects that would address targets
• Wisconsin DNR and USGS designed a
  comparative study to assess plankton and benthos
  communities in AOCs and non-AOCS
US Geological Survey      Fox River              2
Questions
• What is the current state of benthic invertebrate
  and plankton communities in Wisconsin's Lake
  Michigan AOCs?
• How do the benthos and plankton communities in
  these AOCs differ from rivers that are not
  considered AOCs?
• What community measures (i.e.
  IBI, richness, abundance, diversity) can be used
  as guides for determining benthos and plankton
  impairment in the AOCs?
US Geological Survey     Milwaukee Harbor         3
Sampling Design
• 10 Sites/3 times in 2012
    – 4 Wisconsin Lake Michigan AOCs
           •   Menominee River
           •   Fox River/Green Bay (two river sites)
           •   Sheboygan River (Replicate)
           •   Milwaukee Estuary (two river sites, one harbor site)
    – 6 Lake Michigan non-AOCs
           •   Escanaba River
           •   Oconto River
           •   Anapee River (Algoma)
           •   Kewaunee River
           •   Manitowoc River (Replicate)
           •   Root River (Racine)


US Geological Survey                  Sheboygan River                 4
Area of Concern

            Non-AOC




US Geological Survey          5
Sampling Scheme
• Plankton
    – Water Depth Profile
    – 63 µm Plankton Tow
• Benthos
    – Hester-Dendy Sampler
    – Ponar Dredge




US Geological Survey        Oconto River   6
Water Depth Profile Sample
• Water sample (about 1 liter) from each meter
  of water depth down to 5 meters
• 3 times during growing season
    – June, July/August, September
• Identification/Enumeration at WSLH (soft
  algae) and by Paul Garrison, WDNR (diatoms)
• Chlorophyll a and Biomass analyzed at WSHL


US Geological Survey   Menominee River           7
Plankton Tow Samples
• Vertical tow with 63-µm plankton net
• 1-5 tows to obtain total of 5 meters of depth
• Identification/Enumeration by Paul
  Garrison, WDNR




US Geological Survey      Milwaukee River         8
Hester Dendy Samples
• 3 per sampling location (15 total)
• Deployed end of April
    – Retrieved June, redeployed
    – Retrieved July/August, redeployed
    – Retrieved September
• Identification/Enumeration at UW Superior



US Geological Survey      Menominee River
                                              9
Ponar Dredge Samples
• 3-5 dredges composited per sampling location
  (depending on substrate) near Hester Dendys
• 3 times during growing season
    – June, July/August, September
• Identification/Enumeration at UW Superior
• Sediment size analysis at WSLH
• Volatile on Ignition analysis by USGS

US Geological Survey       Kewaunee River        10
Data Analysis
• Once data come back from lab (fall/winter
  2012)
    – Macroinvertebrate Community assemblage
      analysis
           • IBI Scores
           • Determine species composition differences between
             sites
           • Multivariate statistics



US Geological Survey           Anapee River                      11
Data Analysis
• Site to site comparison
    – Benthos using WI Larger River IBI
    – Plankton using Shannon Diversity Index
    – For each season, if the AOC is less than 10% OR
      one stand deviation (of all non-AOC sites) of
      selected comparison sites, then the seasonal
      sampled will be deemed degraded.
    – If it is degraded two or more seasons, the benthos
      or plankton for the site is deemed degraded.

US Geological Survey       Milwaukee River                 12
Data Analysis

• Overall comparison
    – Multivariate analyses designed for multiple sites with
      similar multiple samples (seasons)
           • Tests if there is difference between groups (AOC vs. non-
             AOC sites)
           • Tests if there is difference between multiple groups (sites or
             seasons)
    – Determine what species/metrics differ between AOC
      and non-AOC
    – Deemed significantly different with a 90% confidence
      cut-off (p-value <10%)

US Geological Survey               Escanaba River                             13
Future Questions
• Is there a significant difference in the plankton
  (and benthos) communities between each AOC
  and the non-AOCs?
• Which species, whether their present or
  absent, are indicative of systems that are NOT
  considered “degraded”?



US Geological Survey        Kewaunee River        14
Questions?




US Geological Survey     Manitowoc River   15
Contact Info
• Amanda Bell
    – US Geological Survey, Middleton, WI
    – ahbell@usgs.gov
    – 608-821-3882




US Geological Survey       Root River       16

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Evaluating Degraded Benthos and Plankton Communities-Bell, 2012

  • 1. Assessment of Beneficial Use Impairments for Benthos and Plankton in Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan AOCs Amanda Bell US Geological Survey, Middleton, WI In cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources US Geological Survey Menomonee River 1
  • 2. Background • All of the AOCs along Wisconsin’s Lake Michigan shoreline have degraded benthos and three (not Menominee) have degraded plankton • Consistent/comparable legacy community data for these sites doesn’t exist • Stage 2 RAPs were due and TACs needed to identify projects that would address targets • Wisconsin DNR and USGS designed a comparative study to assess plankton and benthos communities in AOCs and non-AOCS US Geological Survey Fox River 2
  • 3. Questions • What is the current state of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in Wisconsin's Lake Michigan AOCs? • How do the benthos and plankton communities in these AOCs differ from rivers that are not considered AOCs? • What community measures (i.e. IBI, richness, abundance, diversity) can be used as guides for determining benthos and plankton impairment in the AOCs? US Geological Survey Milwaukee Harbor 3
  • 4. Sampling Design • 10 Sites/3 times in 2012 – 4 Wisconsin Lake Michigan AOCs • Menominee River • Fox River/Green Bay (two river sites) • Sheboygan River (Replicate) • Milwaukee Estuary (two river sites, one harbor site) – 6 Lake Michigan non-AOCs • Escanaba River • Oconto River • Anapee River (Algoma) • Kewaunee River • Manitowoc River (Replicate) • Root River (Racine) US Geological Survey Sheboygan River 4
  • 5. Area of Concern Non-AOC US Geological Survey 5
  • 6. Sampling Scheme • Plankton – Water Depth Profile – 63 µm Plankton Tow • Benthos – Hester-Dendy Sampler – Ponar Dredge US Geological Survey Oconto River 6
  • 7. Water Depth Profile Sample • Water sample (about 1 liter) from each meter of water depth down to 5 meters • 3 times during growing season – June, July/August, September • Identification/Enumeration at WSLH (soft algae) and by Paul Garrison, WDNR (diatoms) • Chlorophyll a and Biomass analyzed at WSHL US Geological Survey Menominee River 7
  • 8. Plankton Tow Samples • Vertical tow with 63-µm plankton net • 1-5 tows to obtain total of 5 meters of depth • Identification/Enumeration by Paul Garrison, WDNR US Geological Survey Milwaukee River 8
  • 9. Hester Dendy Samples • 3 per sampling location (15 total) • Deployed end of April – Retrieved June, redeployed – Retrieved July/August, redeployed – Retrieved September • Identification/Enumeration at UW Superior US Geological Survey Menominee River 9
  • 10. Ponar Dredge Samples • 3-5 dredges composited per sampling location (depending on substrate) near Hester Dendys • 3 times during growing season – June, July/August, September • Identification/Enumeration at UW Superior • Sediment size analysis at WSLH • Volatile on Ignition analysis by USGS US Geological Survey Kewaunee River 10
  • 11. Data Analysis • Once data come back from lab (fall/winter 2012) – Macroinvertebrate Community assemblage analysis • IBI Scores • Determine species composition differences between sites • Multivariate statistics US Geological Survey Anapee River 11
  • 12. Data Analysis • Site to site comparison – Benthos using WI Larger River IBI – Plankton using Shannon Diversity Index – For each season, if the AOC is less than 10% OR one stand deviation (of all non-AOC sites) of selected comparison sites, then the seasonal sampled will be deemed degraded. – If it is degraded two or more seasons, the benthos or plankton for the site is deemed degraded. US Geological Survey Milwaukee River 12
  • 13. Data Analysis • Overall comparison – Multivariate analyses designed for multiple sites with similar multiple samples (seasons) • Tests if there is difference between groups (AOC vs. non- AOC sites) • Tests if there is difference between multiple groups (sites or seasons) – Determine what species/metrics differ between AOC and non-AOC – Deemed significantly different with a 90% confidence cut-off (p-value <10%) US Geological Survey Escanaba River 13
  • 14. Future Questions • Is there a significant difference in the plankton (and benthos) communities between each AOC and the non-AOCs? • Which species, whether their present or absent, are indicative of systems that are NOT considered “degraded”? US Geological Survey Kewaunee River 14
  • 15. Questions? US Geological Survey Manitowoc River 15
  • 16. Contact Info • Amanda Bell – US Geological Survey, Middleton, WI – ahbell@usgs.gov – 608-821-3882 US Geological Survey Root River 16