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Powerpoint final
1. PEERS
An in depth study as it relates to socialization.
By Alex A, Cheyenne H, and Laura E.
2. Overview: What is Socialization?
• Socialization is a process where people learn
behaviors, attitudes, skills, knowledge, and values
appropriate for members in their individual
society/culture.
• There are many socialization agents, such as
school, peers, media/technology, etc.
• Institutions, such as government agencies,
service industries, and hospitals help socialization
in the household.
• Although peers aren’t very influential at a young
age, it is still a huge agent in a child’s socialization
3. Overview: What is a “Peer”?
• Children in the neighborhood, at the park, or
at school can become friends and be
considered peers.
• Peers can be controlled by parents by
creating play dates
• Children can set up their own peer groups by
playing with them at school or in the
neighborhood
4. Development of Friendships
• Early Childhood
– Most children under age 4 are in their first stage, Momentary Playmateship. Unable to
consider viewpoints of other people and only think about them selves in friendships.
• Early Middle Childhood
– One Way Assistance Stage, between age 4-9, children can distinguish the difference
between their own perspectives and those of others. Friendship is based on whether or
not someone wanted to do what you wanted them to.
• Middle Childhood
– Two Way/Fair-Weather Cooperation stage, children between 6-12, acknowledge that
friendship involves give and take. At this age, children emphasize similarities between
friends.
• Middle Childhood to Adolescence
– Intimate, Mutually Shared Relationship-stage. Children between 9-15 can view
friendship as an entity. A relationship that incorporates more than just doing things for
each other. Involves jealousy.
• Adolescence to Adulthood
– Autonomous Interdependent Friendship, Stage. At about 12 years old, children are
capable of respecting their friends need for both dependency and autonomy.
5. Overview: How do Peer groups begin?
• Most children don’t play in groups at first.
• Children often play side-by-side, mimicking and
acknowledging other peers around them.
• Children influence actions during play, but stay in their
own bubble.
• Eventually the children begin to interact, forming
groups of twos or three that involve activities,
interests, norms, rules, etc.
• Most peers prefer to hang out with those of their
gender.
6. Influences of Peer Socialization: Behavior
• Behavior Contagion: behavior that is exhibited
by one person, then copied by others.
• A child begins screaming for joy over
something. A few seconds later, the whole
class is screaming with them as well.
• Peers establish activities, interests, norms,
rules, expressions, traditions, gestures, and
many more action.
7. Influences of Peer Socialization:
Peers teaching Pretend
• Most adults don’t teach children how to play
pretend.
• Children learn from each other how to set
roles for their imaginary characters.
• They agree with each other's rules and set
out to accomplish their imaginary-play-time
goals, which is why it can be hard for adults
to understand what is going on.
8. Influences of Peer Socialization: Someone
to lean on
• Taboo topics such as sex, religious beliefs,
adulthood and other topics can be shunned in
the household
• Kids/Teens can learn about these topics from
their friends—whether parents like it or not.
• Peers help create new concerns, not bound to
adult norms.
• Friends offer sympathy and advice on how to
handle issues.
9. Influences of Peer Socialization: Understanding
Generations through Peers
• Peers help place us in history
• Growing up with peers of our age group, we
can look back at the next generation and
categorize the generation we feel we fit in.
10. Method of Peer Socialization
• Peer group’s function is to teach how to give
and take, equally.
• Younger peer groups modify behavior with
the use of rewards and punishments
– “Let me ride the bicycle or else you can’t come
over anymore!”
• Learning to get along with peers is a lot
difference than getting along with family
members, it’s a choice with peers.
11. Method of Peer Socialization:
Rejection and Approval
• Children with poor socialization skills are less likely to
form healthy bonds as adults, and more likely to
experience rejection from peers.
• Having acceptable characteristics and acting in
appropriate manner will provide rewards throughout
it’s peers.
• Children come to look at them selves from the point of
view of it’s peers.
• Peer groups rewards sociability and rejects deviations.
• Victimization and bullying is possible
12. Peer Topic: Bullying
• An extreme example of social hierarchies in peer
groups
• An aggressive behavior intended to cause harm
or distress.
• Occurs frequently in an uncontrolled relationship
of power and strength
• Bullying occurs in many forms
• Middle school is when bullying is most common.
• Almost all students are affected by bullying
directly or indirectly.
13. Bullying: Physically
• Physical bullying occurs often in school,
though it can occur from school and after
school.
• More likely to occur in males, but still seen in
females as well.
• Victims of physical bullying are usually
physically and socially weak.
14. Affects of Physical Abuse
• Many negative affects such as fighting, sexual
harassment, stealing--maybe even death.
• Forms of physically bullying involve
– Hitting
– Pushing
– Tripping
– Slapping
– Spitting
– Stealing/destroying personal belongings.
15. Bullying: Verbally
• Bullying goes beyond physical
• Verbal bullying can be just as harmful, but in
different ways, as physically bullying.
• The goal of verbal bullying is to make the
other person look weak.
• More common bullying technique for females
but very common for males.
16. Affects of Verbal Abuse
• Can effect one’s self image in psychological
and emotional ways.
• Leads to low self esteem, depression, bad
eating habits, and many other problems.
• Can cause a student to fail school due to fear.
• Substance abuse, or in very extreme cases,
death!
17. Bullying: Cyber Bullying
• When a child or teen is harassed,
embarrassed, threatened, or tormented via
digital technology.
• Cell phone use and internet is most common.
• Leaving mean messages on Facebook,
uploading embarrassing photos, spreading
gossip, exposing someone etc…
18. Amanda Todd: Victim of Bullying
• Amanda used an online video
chat service where she met a
man and decided to expose her
self.
• The man blackmailed Amanda
and threatened to show all her
friends and family her pictures.
• Amanda eventually moved
schools, but the bully found her
via Facebook and showed all her
friends the nude pictures.
• Amanda was bullied verbally,
physically, and on the internet.
• She eventually committed
suicide by hanging her self.
20. 2013 Bullying Statistics
• 160,000 students don’t attend school, everyday,
from fear of being bullied.
• 8% of students miss class because of bullies.
• Every 7 minutes a child is bullied on the
playground.
• 43% of harassment happens in the bathroom.
• About 35% of kids have been threatened online.
• A poll taken of teens between 12-17 said they
believed violence increased at their school.
21. Signs of Bullying
• Arriving home with bruises or cuts
• Often “losing” belongings at school
• Skipping school or certain classes
• Withdrawn from everyone else
• Mood swings
• Trying to take weapons to school
• Talking about violence of suicide
22. Put a Stop to Bullying
Talk about bullying
Parents, school staff, adults, and friends have a role to
prevent bullying. Encourage others to model kind and
respectful attitude
Prevent Bullying At School
Bullying threatens students physically and emotionally.
Stop it before it starts
Work With Community
Think of strategies with the community. Help identify
and support those who are bullied.
23. Conclusion
• Peer groups enable children to become independent, away from
adults.
• As children get older, peers become more important as social
support
• Peers provide validation, encouragement, opportunities for
comparison, enable self-disclosure, and help figure out one’s
identity.
• Issues such as bullying become more noticeable between beers
around middle school and above
• Bullying has become a huge issue in and out of school, but there are
ways to prevent and stop them
• Thanks to Peers, Socialization is established through the friendships
created throughout ones lives. Peers effect the way we act with
strangers, and they teach us what norms are acceptable.
