This power point is a class lecture on the Industrial Revolution and the changes that it led to.

1. The Industrial Revolution

2.  Major job was agriculture
 Husband, wife and children worked along side of each
other
 Little food was produced
 just enough to survive
 if there were leftovers they were sold
 there was little incentive (motive) to increase production

3.  Shift from agricultural based economy to
manufacturing based economy
 Starts in Britain
 Expansion of farmland, good weather, improved
transportation and new crops led to an increase in the
food supply
 Population grew
 Britain had ready money (capital) that they could invest
in industrial machines and factories
 Natural resources were plentiful
 Rivers
 Supply of markets

4.  domestic system
 also known as the “putting- out system”
 people worked from their homes, generally during the winter
months, production costs were low
 spinning jenny and the water frame
 these inventions led to the beginning of the factory
system
 an organized method of production that brought together
workers and machines under the control of managers
 Steam engine allowed for machinery to be driven and
not have to be located by a river

6.  Steam engine created an increased need for coal
 Locomotives
 Puddling became possible to create a better quality of
iron
 Britain was then able to produce more high quality iron
than the rest of the world combined

7.  Railroads
 Created new jobs
 increased need for coal
 Electricity
 Generator
 Morse code
 Light bulb
 Electric streetcar

8.  The British parliament passed laws to keep its
inventions and processes a secret
 Belgium
 went at the same rate as Britain and was comparable
 France
 most workers remained in agriculture
 Germany
 United States
 The Northeast

9.  Cities grew larger because of the mills and workers
needed
 Rural areas were changed to cities and towns
 Housing shortages, bad water and sewers
 Child labor was cheaper, and easier to get/train
 Children were routinely beat
 Increases in levels of alcoholism, prostitution, divorce
and crime

11.  Rise of industrial capitalism
 Economic system based on industrial production
 Made up of people who built factories, bought the
machines and figured out where the markets were
 Not to be confused with the industrial working class
 Worked 12-16 hours a day
 No security of employment, no minimum wage
 Cotton mills were the worst
 “in the cotton-spinning work, these creatures are kept, 14
hours in each day, locked up, summer and winter, in a heat of
from 80-84 degrees”
 Dirty, dusty, dangerous and unhealthy

13.  Coal mine conditions were also harsh
 Men still had to dig out the coal even with the new
machines
 Horses, women, children, mules hauled the coal carts on
rails to the lift
 Cave-ins, explosions and gas fumes