Business Plan for Solar-Wind Packaged Power Solutions with Zero Energy Cost for yachts 40' -600'

1. Perpetual Mobility and Sustainment on Water
Zero Energy Cost - No Longer a Panacea
New Technology Solar/Wind: Packaged Power Solutions
Business Plan - Executive Summery
Henning@hjaSolutions.com
Montreal, Canada
1 June 2012

2. Who am I:
Seen in the 60s Criss-crossing the North Sea in a Collin Archer 38’
Great Fascination
with Oceans from an Early Age

3. What Do I Do?

4. INTRO: Energy Density
Wh/Kg
10000
High-pressure Gasoline Diesel
Hydrogen (35 Mpa) CNG
20 Mpa) Bio-diesel
Ethanol Liquid fuels
(Wh/Kg)
Gaseous fuels
1000
Specific Energy
Hydrogen
absorbing
Alloy (2wt%)
Batteries
100 Lithium-Ion
Nickel metal hydride
Lead
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/L)
Source: Toyota

5. INTRO: Selecting Fossil Fuel Instead of Electricity as
Power Source at the Turn of the 20th Century
Was Perhaps Mankind’s Most Costly Mistake
Over 60% of oil today is
destined
for Transportation Fuels

6. Intro: Fossil Fuel Price Growing in Leaps and Bounds

7. How Do We Beat the Energy Drain?

8. Current Ideas on How to Beat the Cost of Mobility at Sea

9. Current Ideas on How to Beat the Cost of Mobility at Sea

10. Current Ideas on How to Beat the Cost of Mobility at Sea

11. Current Ideas on How to Beat the Cost of Mobility at Sea

12. Current Ideas on How to Beat the Cost of Mobility at Sea

13. The First Total Solar Powered Circumnavigation of the Planet
Was Completed on May 4th 2012

14. Emergence of Solar Power for Ocean Passages
2010-2012 Planet Solar global
2007 Sun21 Travel 7,000 nm
circumnavigated
Crossing the Atlantic
21,638 nm
Seville – Florida – New York

15. Solar Power versus Fossil Fuel
in Circumnavigation of the Planet
Similar 95 tons vessels’
Cost of Mobility for 21,638 nm
(40,075 km) including Hotel Load
for up to 8 people:
Motor Yacht fuel Cost $600,000+
Planet Solar energy Cost $ Zero
Cruising Speed Fossil fuel: 12 -16 knots,
Planet Solar Speed average 6-8 knots -
Under sunny sky max 14 knots
Acquisition at today’s level of technology
For Conventional yacht vs. the Planet Solar
Prototype: 1/10 ratio with current
Technology

16. Planet Solar’s Mission
Design and Mobility Solutions
• To voyage at reasonable speeds,
• Prove that perpetual travel on Solar
Power alone is possible
• Test the wave-piercing hulls ability to
penetrate water to reduce resistance
under all condition as required to
optimize the electric propulsion
The multihull gave Planet Solar the beam
required to place 5,780SFof Solar Panels
topside which provided sufficient power for
mobility and Sustainment (Hotel Load) for
a global circumnavigation with current
technology. CPV technology will allow
much reduction in seize of vessels.

17. Improved Output from Solar Fields
Will Shrink Size of Sun Catchment Area
Comparison of Solar System Efficiency Improved Solar Field Output would
Type Cell Module System T racking Impact the size of catchment area for
(DC) (DC) (AC) 1 & 2 Axis
Power Generation - Smart System
Amonix CPV 39% 31% 25% 28% & 32% monitoring will increase utilization of
SP PV 23.4% 19% 16% 18% & 21% Energy for new Solar Yacht designs.
Thin Film (n/a) 12% 10% 8% 9% & 10%
* Thin Film not practical for power generation

18. Equivalent Power Applying New Solar Technologies -
Impact on Catchment Area
NREL* Near Future CPV (2015)
Efficiency Impact of Similar to Planet Solar
Solar Energy Harvesting Field Size**: 2,751 SF – 44.5 kWp
On the Size of Net 124,821 kWh/y
Planet Solar 2012 CPV Amonix
Notionally over Time Next Generation
Similar to Planet Solar
Field Size*: 3,468SF – 56.1kWp
Net 124,821 kWh/y
52’ x 26’ - 49.4tons
2007 SP PV
Planet Solar Field Size: * Using CPV 1-Axis will further
Increase Efficiency by13%
5,780 SF – 93.5 kWp Field Size 3,068 SF – 48.8 kWp
Net 124,821 kWh/y
** Using CPV 2-Axis will further
61’ x 30’- 57 tons Increase Efficiency by 29%
Field Size 2,002 SF – 31.6 kWp
NREL is working towards CPV with 50%
Efficiency further reducing field size
100’ x 50’ – 95 tons
*NREL: National Renewable Energy Laboratory

19. Solar PV vs. CPV Efficiency vs. Field Size
Planer Solar in 2008 Selected
FSLR CdTe 100% Size - All Thin Film (Baseline)
SP C-Si PV for its Global
circumnavigation Project to C-Si/CIGS Approx 81% Size - Most Silicon
meet all onboard Energy
requirements with 93.5kWp. In
2012 – 2015 timeframe future SP C-Si 74% Size High Efficiency Silicon
technology will further drive NREL GaAg 68% Size
down size of the energy Solar
harvesting fields. NREL Single Junctional 58% Size
Amonix CPV 53.1% Size
The Energy Issue for NRLE Best
Best
all Yachts are about Size - CPV Cell
the Best Field Size for Effectiveness
Harvesting Solar Energy in 43.5% - 41.7 Size
2007 Was SP C-Si 23.4%
Cell Efficiency and 16%
System Efficiency
* Technology market in Red has too low efficiency to be used where size of energy fields are an issue

20. Solar PV vs. CPV Efficiency vs. Field Size
Equal Energy by Size of Field*
All Thin Film
Showing the 2008 SP C-Si
at 100% for comparison of Nearly all Silicon based
Current and Near Future
Energy Field by Comparison SP C-Si 100% Size –23.4% High Efficiency
Planet Solar 18.8% Eff. (4.6% degraded)
Amonix CPV 53.1% Size
NRLE Best
Using CPV 1-Axis will
CPV Cell
Increase Efficiency by13% Effectiveness 43.5%
41.7 % Size
Using CPV 2-Axis will
2015 CPV Target
Increase Efficiency by 29%
Effectiveness 50%
36.3% Size
* All Size percentages relates to Planet Solar SP C-Si versus CPV

21. Energy Storage
The accelerated development in Energy Storage is focus on eight technologies:
batteries, hydrogen fuel cell, compressed air storage, flywheels,, superconducting
magnetic energy storage, thermal energy storage, ultra-capacitors, isentropic –
these technologies will compete head-to-head - size and weight will determine
suitability for use onboard yachts .
The most common energy storage system for small Yachts is Lithium Ion Batteries,
packaged in 12 volt/160A (1,920W), or 24 Volt/160A (3,840W) weighing only 106 lbs.
and measures 24.5”x7.8”x3.6” (12v version). These units are adequate for the Hotel
Load for small yachts and cruising sailboats. These types of energy storage units will
make it possible to provide sufficient power even when the sun have been absent for
long periods of time (up to 72 hours), to ensure that most equipment will function.
Fuel Cells (Hydrogen) of different designs will be used for large yachts.

22. Most Recent Battery Development
This Development Could Solve the On-board Energy Storage Problem
Liquid Metal Battery
It has been developed at MIT by Sadoway with seed 2,000 kWh/d 100%
capital from Khosla Ventures and Bill Gates. (40’ x 8’ x8 =2,560 ft3)
 Two liquid metal materials form the positive and
negative poles of the battery. An electrolyte
layer, which allows charged particles to cross 75%
through as the battery is charged or discharged, 1,500kWh/d
is located in the middle.
 The battery uses magnesium as the negative
electrode on the top layer; molten salt as the
electrolyte and antimony as the positive 50%
electrode on the bottom layer. To produce 1,000kWh/d
current, the magnesium loses two electrons to
become magnesium ions that travel through the
electrolyte to the other electrode. Upon arrival, it 25%
500Kwh/d
v
accepts two electrons from the antimony and
mixes with it to form an alloy. And electricity is
released.
250k 12.5%
Sadoway said the goal is to develop stackable Wh/d
modules to form a giant battery that would fit
Lithium-Ion 4.8x
into a 40-foot shipping container (40’ x 8’ x 8’).
Larger in size than
The giant battery would have a nameplate Lithium-ion Equivalent output
capacity of two megawatt-hours, enough energy 250kWh/d from Liquid Metal
to meet the daily electrical needs of approx. 100 Battery
average households.

23. Distributed Power Requirement: Motors & Hotel Load
Based on Liquid Battery Projected Capacity
Yacht Size of Energy Storage unit: Capacity Motors Hrs Motors Htl. Load
Size* Lg Wi Hi ft3 kWh/d KWp Run kWh Bal. Kwh
400'- up 40 8 8 2,560 2,000 80 8 640 1,360
300-400' 30 8 8 1,920 1,500 60 8 480 1,020
200-300' 20 8 8 1,280 1,000 40 8 320 680
100-200' 13.1 7 7 640 500 30 8 240 260
40-100' 8.9 6 6 320 250 20 8 160 90
* Estimated based on Cruise Speed of 8 kts - leaving sufficient Hotel Load for the size of yacht
The Battery Development has seen little development in the last five years, the
Lithium-Ion Batteries are the current standard. New development of liquid Batteries
may take storage a quantum leap forward. The Table above reflects the
requirements that will have to be met for Independent Mobility and Sustainment for
sea passages in perpetuity

24. Isentropic Energy Storage
Research underway on a 100kW unit to become the Solar Yacht’s Energy Storage
Isentropic IEC is a high efficiency external
heat engine which allows for cost-efficient
generation of solar thermal power via a
concentrating system. The IEC can work with
conventional solar collectors to deliver
efficiencies as good as large steam turbines
but in sizes down to 100kW, allowing CPV for
to be use on large Mega Yachts.

25. Key Elements for Achieving Total Independence:
Renewable Energy and Storage Technology
SP Solar PV Amonix * Future (NREL)* Lithium Ion Fuel Cells
s Solar CPV Solar CPV Batteries
o
u
r
s
e
93.5 kWp 56.1 kWp 44.5 kWp
Type A 144 x 1.5 Volt 40-100 kW
Solar PV output Solar CPV Near Future
System System, Energy Storage
100% field size equivalent Solar CPV
connected in Suitable for large
23.4% Cell 60% field size 40.3% field size
Series yachts, only
Efficient 39% Cell Approx 37.7%
(Used Planet Solar) Efficient Efficient
Current Best PV Increased Use Laboratory Operational Operational
Status Technology Proven Cell Proven Today Today
Tech PV C-Si Advanced Advances Increase in Improvement
2015 Reach Limit Designs In System Capacity In Fuel Cell
Adds 1-2 Axis Output Efficiency
* CPV Solar Harvest can be further enhanced by Tracking : 1-Axis 13% and 2-Axis 29%

26. Wind Power Added

27. Ducted Wind Power for Battery Charging During Cloudy Days
The ducted rotor consists of a turbine inside a duct which flares outwards at
the back, referred to as Diffuser-Augmented Wind Turbines (i.e. DAWT). The
main advantage of the ducted rotor is that it can operate in a wide range of
winds and generate a higher power per unit of rotor area. The ducted rotor
advantage is that the generator operates at a high rotation rate, so it doesn't
require a bulky gearbox allowing the mechanical portion of the unit to be
smaller, lighter and more quiet: 35dB at10 feet distance.

28. Auxiliary Power Generation for Charging Batteries
Airborne Wind Turbine The airborne wind turbine is a
design concept for electric energy
generation that is supported in
the air without a tower.. When the
generator is aloft, a conductive
tether would be used to transmit
energy to the ground or used aloft
or beamed to receivers using
microwave or laser. Airborne
turbine systems would have the
advantage of tapping an almost
constant wind, without
requirements for slip rings or yaw
mechanism, and without the
expense of tower construction..
When the generator is ground-
based, the tether need not be
conductive
The Airborne Turbine can be used when a
Yacht is stationary for recharging batteries,
the same tether can be used for the SkySails

29. SkySails – Towing Kite
Proven Fuel Saving Transit System in use with Commercial Ships – the Towing Kites
are approved as Spinnaker Replacement in America Cup Races. The Economics for
the Skysails show two year repayment and a Life Long Cost-effective Transit Aid
Reducing Cost. Estimated average underway savings of $1,500/Daily. Best routes for
sustained wind can show up to 35% fuel savings

30. Sailboat Solar Energy Evolution
Opportunities still being developed
Today’s Solar Panel for Future Textile Thermal Solar Tomorrow’s Solar Dye Sensitive Film
Nominal Auxiliary Power Energy Generation Coating for Solid Wing Sails
Smaller Cruising sail boats requirements could be satisfied with renewable power, the
current solar panels generating power for lighting and navigation equipment– min.
consumption180 watt over10 hour of cruising or racing equals 1.8kWh. In the future
we may see hybrid energy harvested from dye-sensitive solar-thermal textiles woven
directly into the main sail, acting as a large catchment field for Solar Power. Or, dye-
sensitive film attached to a solid Wing Sail with multifunctional harvest/storage power
skins like those used by the Military today on Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs). The
Oracle latest America Cup winner used a generator mounted behind the Captain for
trimming the nine sections of the solid Wing Sail and other operational requirements–
it was noisy, smelly and totally unnecessary. The Wing Sail can generate 5-10 kWh/d
of electricity, enough for all electronics, LED lights and winches.

31. Wind Systems Power Augmentation
Ducted Wind Auxiliary Wind Airborne Wind Towing Kite* Thermal Textiles/
s Wind* Solar Cell Films
o
u
r
s
e
5 m/s 10kWh/d 3.5 m/s :7.6 kWh/d SkySails Provides The Sail boat
Type 7.5 m/s 15kWh/d 7.5 m/s 9.7kWh/d Airborne Tether
30% Fuel Saving Textiles or Films
Power Used during Transit for Hotel Load or System
during Transit for Solar Power
Suitable for large Battery Charging Stationary
yachts only during Transit (only large yachts) (only large yachts) Harvesting
Current Prototype Operational Concept Operational Solid Wing Sail
Status Available for Test Today Proven Today Is Proven
Tech- Advanced Improvements Test Systems Improvement Enter Dye-
nology Design and In Electronics sensitive Solar
2015 Larger Yachts Expanded Use Cell Films for
Solid Wing Sails
* Same Tether can be used for Airborne System and SkySails Towing Kite

32. Future Designs Maximizing Renewable Energy

33. Solar and Wind Yacht
Conceptual - Integrated Energy System
Airborne Energy
Generating Preserving
Rotating Kite Central Towing Kite
Solar PV Energy Wind
Panels Mgmt. Generators
System
Taffrail Water Emergency/
Generators Energy Battery
(small yachts) Storage Charging
Regeneration System Genset*
Systems
Electric/ Electric/
Electric
Alternator Alternator
Motors
Motor* Motor*
*Electric Motors, Alternator for Regeneration and Genset are all Mature Technologies

34. Packaged Power - Options
Diesel
Diesel/Electric Hybrid - Current Technology
Fuel Plug-in Shore Power
Tank
Batteries DC or AC Motors 2 Electric 1 or 2 Propeller
GenSet Lithium- Motors
Drives
Ion
DC DC A/C , Refrigerator, Induction Cooking, TV,, LED Lighting
Solar Appliances
Field* AC AC All Other Appliances
Appliances
* Red Denotes Packaged Power Augmentation
Fuel Cell/Electric Hybrid – Near Future Technology
Diesel
Fuel Emergency
Tank GenSet
Power
Generator
DC
Hydrogen Appliances A/C , Refrigerator, Induction Cooking, TV,, LED Lighting
Power
Tank Control AC All Other Appliances
Unit Appliances
2 Electric
Batteries DC or AC Motors Motors 2 Propeller
Fuel Cell Lithium- 4 Electric Drives
Ion Motors
Stack
* Red denotes Emergency Power only Plug-in Shore Power

35. Conceptual Solar and Wind - Packaged Power System
Sample Battery Arrangement
Hotel
Load
PV or CPV
Motors
Volt Scalable: 12-24-48
Ah Scalable 200-,4,000
Diesel*
Solar/Wind/Diesel Electric Hybrid – Packaged Power System
Fuel Plug-in Shore Power
Tank
2 Electric
Batteries DC or AC Motors 2 Propeller
GenSet* v
Lithium v
Inverter
Motors 4 Electric Drives
Ion Motors
Solar
Field DC DC A/C , Refrigerator, Induction Cooking, TV, LED Lighting
Hotel Load
Switch
AC All Other Appliances
AC
Hotel Load
Wind
Aux
* Red denotes Emergency Power only

36. CPV Power Generating Installation
Bank of 10 units of CPV
30ft x 12ft top view: 360 SF CPV Makes Energy Independence Possible
Yacht size of 78ft x 40ft - 50 tons (approx.) will require 2 banks/10
tubs (20 tubs total). One 360SF Bank of CPV is equal to 720SF of the
highest performing PV field today.
Top side tub
1st Axis swivels +/- 15°
Each unit
6 ft x 6ft
36 SF
2nd Axis

37. Benefits of High Efficiency Photovoltaic
Highest Current Cell Output for CPV 43.5% vs. Best PV Cell Output of 25% provides:
• Sustainable, Reliable Power and very low Maintenance,
• Clean, no smell from Fuel internally or Fuel Spillage externally,
• Cost-efficient Life Cycle Cost when size of field is match to consumption,
• Challenge: Price (Technology and Integration) and Energy Storage

38. Solar Yacht High Level Design Features
Life Cycle Cost Implications
Target Items Conventional Today Solar Yacht -Tomorrow Impact Notes
Power Plant/ Diesel/ Electric Motors/Generator Diesel GenSet providing backup
Propulsion Diesel-electric back-up (proven technology) emergency energy for batteries
Energy Storage/ Lead Acid/ Lithium-Ion Fuel Cells Energy Storage, or Weight reduction , energy output
Batteries Liquid Batteries and overall cost reduction most
critical to achieved future results
Design Features Traditional Hull Shapes Catamaran, Tri-maran or New Power placement, Surface
Ramform for Stability piercing Propellers, Wave Cutting
Shapes etc…
Construction/ Composite and Wood Composite/ Carbon/ Ti/ Al Use Space Age Materials ensures
Material weight saving and strength
Operational Electronic Controls Computerized Controls - Controlling Energy Budget
Systems (manual) Energy management improves utilization and
conserves stored energy
Infrastructure/ Battery Lighting, Halogen LED, Low Power Apply new technology to reduce
Lighting Gas Appliances Convection Appliances Energy consumption , using DC
power where possible (>20%)
Weight Budget Diesel Engines/ Electric Motors/ new Energy Trade-off in Storage , power
Genset/ Batteries Storage Systems systems on Life Cycle Cost basis
(over 20 year Life Cycle)

39. Way Ahead
The Renewable Energy Market is Fractured and Power Systems are Nascent
• Complete Database Research on All Possible Power/Storage Solutions
• Design a practical land based scalable integration demo unit
• Build a Proof-of-principle Integrated Power System (100kWp)
• Create Computer Model for Scalable Motive Power & Hotel Load
Calculations used to Propose Custom Solutions to Yacht Designers
• Establish a Number of Renewable Energy Turnkey Power Packages
• Promote the Packaged Power Approach to the Yachting Industry
• Offer Power Packages to Yacht Designers/Builders Worldwide
• Along with Power Option Solutions and Consulting Services
Cont.

40. Market Size – High Level
Primary Market: Secondary Market:
The Mega Yacht new built (100 feet and up) 2,500 yachts are listed in Lloyd’s Registry
worldwide Market is 25 yachts annually: (including Mega Yacht) as operating
worldwide, all can benefit from a retrofit
Currently scheduled for delivery in 2012 is
Packaged Power System.
25 Mega Yachts - laid end-to-end this
represents approx 4,388 feet at a total In the 40-100 foot size category there are
estimated built cost of approx $1.5 billion*. no reliable figures, but its likely to be over
100,000 – all of which can benefit from
Average size of current Yachts is 176 feet at
Packaged Power in order to reduce the
an average Cost of approx $59 million.
energy cost required for cruising operation
Market is unaffected by the ups-and-downs – including both Motive Power and Hotel
in the Economy (2011 Market was equal to Load.
2012 delivery schedule).
More and more Yacht Builders are installing
The total Packed Power Requirement a variety of Hybrid Power Systems in order
represents between 25-30% of the built to reduce the energy requirement, but
Cost equal to $20-24 million per Yacht. activities is lacking an overall strategy to
maximize the Energy Savings.
* Base line estimated cost $300,000 per running foot This is a fractured and untapped Market!

41. Marketing Strategy
For Mega Yachts Establish Direct Contact with New and Upgrade Package Power Systems
the Following Builders: for Yachts in the 40-100ft:
Feadship, Lurssen, Peri Yachts. Delta, Amels, The Marketing focus will be on Yacht
Mondo Marine, Fincantieri Yachts, Oceanco, Builders known to already have added
Trinity, Palmer Johnson, Benedetti, CRN, Electric Drives to their most current
Heesen, Christensen, Icon, Azimut, Aneking & designs (Off-line Diesel Engines with
Rasmussen, Cheoy Lee, Codecasa, Nobiskrug, GenSet and Battery Storage), or various
Nothern Marine, Jade Yachts, Arcadia Yachts, other Energy Saving devices such as
ADM Shipyard, Mega Technica, RMK Yachts. limited use of Solar Panels (160-200 Wp)
or Taffrail Generators (6 kts for up to 100
And the following Designers:
W per panel), for partial electric power.
Reichel & Pugh, Van Geest Design, Phillippe
Briand, Hot Lab Design, Espen Oino, Tim This fleet of yachts is very large as is the
Heywood Design, Ron Holland Design, Diana number of boat builders worldwide (in the
Yacht Design, DeVoogt Naval Architects, Azure 1000s). Interest in a well thought out
Naval Architects, Laurent Giles Naval Packaged Power System is high today.
Architects, Vripack, Mulder Design, Claydon These Boat Builder can best be reached at
Reeves, C3 Design, Moore yacht Design, Ken Boat Shows (local and International), by
Freivokh yacht Design, Dixon Yacht Design, demonstrating performance with the
Marco Casali-Too Design, Barracuda Yacht planned land based Demo Unit.
Design and Misha Merzliakov Design.

42. This in the End of the Presentation
If you are interested in more
Specific information on
Project Designs in this Presentation
detailed explanation and Case Studies
can be provided by contacting :
Henning Jacobsen
HJA Solutions
Henning@hjaSolutions.com
+1 514 214-4245

43. Current Business Case Samples of
Applied Renewable Technology for Yachts
1. 2007 Sun21 – Catamaran 42’ x 20’ and weighing 12 tons
2. 2008 PlanetSolar is a Catamaran measuring 102’ x 49’ and weighing 95 tons
3. 2009 WHY Wallygator – four deck 190’ x 125’ size weighing 2,646 tons
4. 2010 Mochi Craft 23 Long Range - four-deck 75 foot, 95 ton yacht
5. 2011 Oculus (250’ x 42’) 2,800E Tons
6. 2012 Rainbow – J-Class Fleet Replica, 131’ x ? tons
7. 2013 Floating Home -2 Story Living Quarters 60’ x 30’ weighing 100 -110 tons