1. Unit III
Objective: To acquire the knowledge about
the Ms windows 95/98 O/S and to work
with it. Basic of Microsoft windows 95/98 –
window 2000 an introduction – booting
windows, move around, windows, shutting
down windows – control panels – usage and
features – Creating shortcuts, Icons – Task
bar settings – Move around desktop creation
of folders, Rename, move copy using
explorer- use of WordPad – format a floppy
– copy, cut, paste, rename a file – screen
saver, startup password – multimedia –
virus – introduction/Damage /Cure

2. Operating systems
Operating systems are the most important
programs that run on a computer. Every general –
purpose computer must have an operating system
to run those programs. Operating systems perform
basic tasks such as recognizing input from the
keyboard, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and directories on the
disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk
drives and printers.
An operating system manages and
coordinates the functions performed by the
computer hardware, including CPU, input/output
devices, secondary storage devices and
communication and network equipment. Most
commonly used operating systems include
Microsoft Windows, DOS, XENIX, Mac
OS/2, UNIX, MVS, etc.

3. Windows 98
Microsoft developed the operating system referred
as MS DOS for the first IBM personal computer. The initial
version DOS 1.0 was released in August 1981. Later on
Microsoft developed higher versions of DOS. By 1990
Microsoft had a version of GUI called Windows 3.0. This was
more user friendly than DOS. In 1995 Microsoft developed a
more user friendly version called Microsoft Windows 95.
Windows 98 is the upgraded version of windows operating
systems.
Windows2000family
Windows NT has been with us for almost eight
years, and as the product has matured, Microsoft has been
added more features in an effort to address users’ needs and
administrations’ requirements. With Windows 2000, they
have made considerable enhancements to the product line.

4. Introduction to Windows 2000
Welcome to Microsoft windows 2000. This program is designed to make your
word processing needs easy to accomplish. Let’s jump in and see how this is
done. This is the screen layout for windows 2000.

5. Features of windows:
Windows 2000 has a range of multilingual features that make it very useful for anyone
involved with more than one language.
1. Support for your devices - Windows 2000 supports over 4000 printers, 700 network
devices, 4200 modems, 55 scanners, 50 cameras, and a vast array of other hardware
devices
2. IntelliMirror -- A loosely-defined group of technologies that supports mobile
users, auto rebuild of machines, and other features.
3. Smart Cards - Makes network logons more secure with minimal cost.
4. Internet Connection Sharing - NAT, addressing, name resolution, and Virtual Private
Networking (VPN).
5. Plug & Play - Hot dock laptops, on-the-fly networking and other features are
implemented without requiring rebooting or manual configuration.
6. Move files without wires - Infrared monitor service supports IRDA for file transfer
between Windows 2000 machines and digital cameras, digital video cameras, and other
devices.
7. Accessibility - Accessibility Wizard, new or improved accessibility features such as
narrator, on-screen keyboard, magnifier, and the familiar tools from Windows 98.
8. Multi-monitor support - Up to 10 video cards/monitors, each with different
resolutions and color depths if desired.
9. DVD support - Auto-play, DVD movies on laptops.

6. BOOTING WINDOWS:
Definition -
To boot (as a verb; also "to boot up") a computer is to load an operating system into the computer's
main memory or random access memory (RAM). Once the operating system is loaded (and, for
example, on a PC, you see the initial Windows or Mac desktop screen), it's ready for users to run
applications. Sometimes you'll see an instruction to "reboot" the operating system. This simply
means to reload the operating system (the most familiar way to do this on PCs is pressing the Ctrl,
Alt, and Delete keys at the same time).
On larger computers (including mainframes), the equivalent term for "boot" is "initial program load"
(IPL) and for "reboot" is "re-IPL." Boot is also used as a noun for the act of booting, as in "a system
boot." The term apparently derives from bootstrap which is a small strap or loop at the back of a
leather boot that enables you to pull the entire boot on. There is also an expression, "pulling yourself
up by your own bootstraps," meaning to leverage yourself to success from a small beginning. The
booting of an operating system works by loading a very small program into the computer and then
giving that program control so that it in turn loads the entire operating system.
Booting or loading an operating system is different than installing it, which is generally an initial one-
time activity. (Those who buy a computer with an operating system already installed don't have to
worry about that.) When you install the operating system, you may be asked to identify certain
options or configuration choices. At the end of installation, your operating system is on your hard
disk ready to be booted (loaded) into random access memory, the computer storage that is closer to
the microprocessor and faster to work with than the hard disk. Typically, when an operating system is
installed, it is set up so that when you turn the computer on, the system is automatically booted as
well. If you run out of storage (memory) or the operating system or an application program
encounters an error, you may get an error message or your screen may "freeze" (you can't do
anything). In these events, you may have to reboot the operating system.

7. Move around windows
Alt+Space brings up the system menu for the window you're working
in. This menu contains Size and Move options. Choosing Move option turns
the cursor into a directional compass, positioned in the centre of the
window's title bar. You can now move the window around on screen with the
arrow keys. Press Enter to finish the move operation, or Escape to snap the
window back to where it was previously.
The Size option also turns the cursor into a directional compass, this
time positioned in the centre of the current window. Pressing any of the
arrow keys turns the cursor into a resize cursor, and moves it to the relevant
edge of the window. You can now shift that edge of the window either
horizontally or vertically. If you want diagonal resizing from the corner of a
window, press the up then the right arrow key (or any other horizontal +
vertical combination), and use the directional keys to resize that corner in any
direction. As with the Move operation, press Enter to fix the resize, or Escape
to restore its previous dimensions.

8. VIRUSES

9. What is Computer Virus..??
A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from one
computer to another computer and that interferes with computer operation.
A computer virus may corrupt or delete data on a computer, use an e-mail
program to spread the virus to other computers, or even delete everything
on the hard disk.
Computer viruses are most easily spread by attachments in e-mail
messages or by instant messaging messages. Therefore, you must never open an e-mail
attachment unless you know who sent the message or unless you are expecting the e-mail
attachment. Computer viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards,
or audio and video files. Computer viruses also spread by using downloads on the Internet.
Computer viruses can be hidden in pirated software or in other files or programs that you may
download.

10. What is Computer Virus..??
A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from
one computer to another computer and that interferes with computer
operation. A computer virus may corrupt or delete data on a
computer, use an e-mail program to spread the virus to other
computers, or even delete everything on the hard disk.
Computer viruses are most easily spread by attachments in e-mail
messages or by instant messaging messages. Therefore, you must never open an e-
mail attachment unless you know who sent the message or unless you are
expecting the e-mail attachment. Computer viruses can be disguised as
attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files. Computer
viruses also spread by using downloads on the Internet. Computer viruses can be
hidden in pirated software or in other files or programs that you may download.

11. What are computer viruses?
Viruses are small programs that hide themselves on your disks (both diskettes
and your hard disk).
Unless you use virus detection software the first time that you know that you
have a virus is when it activates.
Different viruses are activated in different ways.
How do viruses infect PCs?
Viruses hide on a disk and when you access the disk (either a diskette or
another hard disk over a network) the virus program will start and infect your
computer.
The worst thing about a computer virus is that they can spread from one
computer to another, either via use of infected floppy disk, or over a Computer
network, including the Internet.
How to prevent virus damage
There are a number of third party antivirus products available.
Most of these are better than the rather rudimentary products available within
DOS and Windows, but of course you do have to pay for them!
The main thing about your virus checker is that it should be kept up to date.
Many companies supply updated disks on a regular basis or allow you to
receive updates through an electronic, on-line bulletin board.

12. How Do Computer Viruses Spread?
Computer viruses usually spread in one of three
ways:-
• From Removable media.
• From Downloads off the Internet.
• From e-mail attachments.

13. Removable Disc
E-mail
Virus..

14. Screen saver:
A moving picture or pattern that appears on your
screen when you have not used the mouse or keyboard for a
specified period of time.
How to set the screen saver:
1) Right click on the empty space of the desktop
2) Context menu or popup menu appears
3) Select properties option from the menu
4) Display properties window appears
5) Go to screen saver tab
6) Select the screen saver from the dropdown list box.
7) The number of minutes specified in Wait will make the
screen saver to appear on the
screen if the computer is idle for the time limit that has been
specified in wait.
8) Click ok button

15. How to change the background or
wallpaper of the desktop:
1) Right click on the empty space of the
desktop
2) Context menu or popup menu appears
3) Select properties option from the menu
4) Display properties window appears
5) Go to desktop tab
6) Select the picture from the background
list box
7) Click on OK button or press enter key.

16. Folder: folder is a container to hold file and
folders.
How to create a folder on desk top:
1) Right click on the empty space on the desk
top.
2) Pop up menu appears. Select new-> folder
option
3) Type the folder name you want to give it.
How to create a shortcut for ms-word
Click on start button->all programs -> msoffice
->msoffice word 2003 -> right click ->
send to -> desktop (create shortcut)

17. Cut Copy and Paste a folder:
Cut
When you cut file and folder, you remove it and place it on the desire
location ie. C:/, or D:/. By using keyboard short cuts Ctrl+x or by right click on
the mouse and select cut option.
Copy
When you copy file, you place only a copy of the file and graphics on the
desire location ie. C:/, or D:/. without removing the original. By using
keyboard short cuts Ctrl+C or by right click on the mouse and select copy
option.
Paste
When you paste file, you retrieve a copy from the Clipboard and insert it into
the other location. By using keyboard short cuts Ctrl+v or by right click on the
mouse and select paste option.

18. Introduction
• Multimedia is usually recorded and
played, displayed, or accessed by information
content processing devices, such as computerized
and electronic devices, but can also be part of a
live performance. Multimedia devices are
electronic media devices used to store and
experience multimedia content. Multimedia is
distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by
including audio, for example, it has a broader
scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for
interactive multimedia. Hypermedia

19. Definition
• Multimedia can be defined generically as any
combination of two or more media such as
sound, images, text, animation, and video.
• For educational technology
purposes, multimedia refers to computer-
based systems that use associative linkages to
allow users to navigate and retrieve
information stored in a combination of
text, sounds, graphics, video, and other
media.

20. Multimedia is:
Text
Graphics
Sound
Animation
Video

21. Key Components of Multimedia
A computer based medium
Fundamental to the development and delivery of multimedia is a
computer capable of incorporating various elements, such as
sound and animation, and providing an environment in which the
user can interact with the programme.
Interactivity
The ability of the user to interact with the program
Request made & information provided
Effective communication
Burger (1994) stated;
“Effective communication is the most important criteria in
Multimedia.”

22. Why to use Multimedia?
According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, a specialist in interpersonal communication at the
University of California, says:
People recall 20% of what they see
40% of what they see & hear
70% of what they see, hear & do
Multimedia allows for seeing, hearing and doing

23. Multimedia takes many forms
Greeting cards
Conferencing
Movies
Photo albums
Image catalogs